Sylvicolidae 
Sylvicolidset <sil-vi-kol'i-d<"' ),.;/. [NL., < Syl- 
ricnln + -iilrr. ] The, American warblers, a fam- 
ily of oscino passerine birds named from tho 
o;cniis Si/lricnln (which see), now usually called 
Mii/nli/iiil,T. See cuts under lli-lniiiillii>i>ha<jii. 
Maintain, nfi ii-lnnl. /liiii-irnrlil//-. /ii'niric-war- 
blrr, /irntliniintnvi/, HCHH-H.I. f/iottcil, and warbler. 
Sylvieolinaet (sil'vi-ko-li'iic). . /il. [NL., < 
Sijlvirnlii + -imp.] 1. The Si/lricnliilfe as a sub- 
family of some other family. 2. A restricted 
subfamily of Si/li-icnlnl;t: embracing the typical 
wood-warblers of America, as represented by 
the genera Maintain. l)i >iilr<ri-<i, and others. 
gylvicoluie(sil-vik'o-lin), a. and n. 1. a. Per- 
taining to the NylvicoliiifK: specifically noting 
any warbler of America. 
ll. H. One of the American warblers. 
sylvicultural (sil-vi-kiil'tur-al), a. [< sylvi- 
culture + -al.] Relating to sylviculture. 
sylviculture (sil'vi-kul-tur), . [Prop, silvi- 
cullurc, < L. silra, a wood, forest, + cultura, 
culture.] The culture of forest-trees; arbori- 
culture; forestry. 
Examples of profitable ftylvicidture in New England and 
the West. Xeic York Semi-weekly Tribune, Sept. X, 1880. 
Sylviculturist (sil-vi-kul'tur-ist), . (< X///I-I- 
ciilture + -ix/.] One engaged or skilled in 
sylviculture. I'op. Sri. Mo., XXXI. 636. 
Sylvidae (sil'vi-de), n. /</. Same as Si/lviidse. 
Sylviidse (sil-vi'i-de). . pi. [NL., <' Sylvia + 
-!>/>.] A family of small oHcine passerine 
birds, of tho dentirostral, turdiform, or cichlo- 
morphic series, named from the genus Sylria ; 
the Old World warblers. The limits of the family, 
like those of its representative genus, huve fluctuated 
widely, and no exclusive diagnosis is practicable. As 
compared with Turdidte, the Sylniidu differ In the usu- 
ally unspotted plumage of the young birds, which differ 
little fron the adults. Compared with Muxcicapidx, the 
Syloiida ack the breadth and flatness of the bill which 
character ze the true flycatchers, and the great develop- 
ment of the rictal bristles. The family is very widely dis- 
tributed n the eastern hemisphere, but Is scarcely rep- 
resented n America, where the birds formerly classed 
as Sylciida are, with very few exceptions, Mniotiltidff, 
having but nine primaries and being otherwise quite dif- 
ferent. The !ylviiftfr include many modern genera, and 
are variously subdivided. In one classification they are 
made to consist of 7 subfamilies Drynutciiut, Catamo- 
htrpime. PhyUoscopitia, Sylriinfe, Ruticillinse , Saxicolinff, 
and Accentorinfr. See cuts under niyhtinyale, Phyllonco- 
pwi, prttichaps, pine-pine, wheatear, and accentor. 
sylviiform (sil'vi-i-form), a. [< NL. "sylviifor- 
mis. < Sylvia + L. forma, form.] Having the 
form or structure of the Sylriidse; of or per- 
taining to the Sylviiformes. 
Sylviiformes (s'irvi-i-f6r'mez), n. pi. [NL., 
pi. of "sylniformis : see sylviiform.] In ornitli., 
in Sundevall's system, tlie third phalanx of the 
cohort CteMomorpJut, including 17 families of 
birds more or less related to the Old World 
warblers, or Sylviidee. Besides the warblers proper, 
the group Is made by Its author to embrace the bush- 
babblers, thickheads, titmice, vireos, wrens, and others. 
Sylviinae (sil-vi-l'ne), . pi. [NL., < Sylvia- + 
-inee.] 1. The Sylviidir as a subfamily of some 
other family, as Titrdidx. 2. A restricted sub- 
family of Sylviidx, represented by Sylvia and 
five or six closely related genera, especially 
characteristic of the Palearctic region. See 
cut under I'hylloiteopus. 
sylviine (sil'vi-in), a. Pertaining to the Sylvi- 
iiife, or Old World warblers. 
sylvine (sil'vin), w. [< Sylvius (in the old name 
of potassium chlorid, sal digestivus Sylvii) + 
-in/--.] Native potassium chlorid, a mineral 
occurring in white or colorless cubes or octa- 
hedrons, found in some salt-mines, as at Stass- 
furt, Germany, also on Mount Vesuvius. 
6125 
sylvite (sil'vit), Same as sylvine. 
Sylvius (sil'vi-us), H. [NL. (Rondani, 1856), 
after >//(///> (Meigen). mase. form of Si/Inn. 
q. v.] A genus of dipterous insects, of the 
family Tulianidte. 
sym-. Sre ftyn-. 
Syma (si'mft), n. [NL. (Lesson, 1826), < Gr. 
-'<.'/,. an island, now Symi, near the coast of 
Caria.] A genus of halcyons or kingfishers, of 
the subfamily llncilniiinir, inhabiting the Aus- 
tralian and i'apnaii regions, as the poditti. .V 
JlnriroKtrin. (800 cut in preceding column.) 
This has the bill yellow, tipped with black. In 
.s'. tnrotoro the bill is orange. 
symart, Another spelling of sitaar. 
symbalt, ". An obsolete spelling of cymbal. 
symbion, symbiont (sim'bi-on, -ont), n. [NL., 
< Gr. nv/tjiiuv (m/ijtowr-), ppr. of av/ijjiovv, live 
together with, < oi'iijiiof, living together, < aiv, 
along with, -I- /J/oj, a life.] An organism which 
lives in a state of symbiosis. 
Natural selection evidently miy act In favour of each 
gymbiont separately, provided only that the effect will not 
damage the other lymbiont In such a degree as seriously 
to Impair Its existence. Xatvre, M.I. 181. 
The reactions of the host after it* occupation, and the 
results of the reciprocal action of the two Hinntrvint*. 
De Hani, Fungi (trans, X p. 800. 
symbiosis (sim-bi-6'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. avfipi- 
uaif, a living together, < ov/ij)mvv, live together : 
see symbion.] ynion for life of certain organ- 
isms, each of which is necessary to the other; an 
intimate vital consociation, or kind of consort- 
ism, differing in the degree and nature of the 
connection from inquilinity and parasitism, as 
in the case of the fungus and alga which to- 
gether make up the so-called lichen, or of the 
fungus Myearrlii:a and various Cupuliferee. See 
Lichenes, Mycnrrhi:a. Also called commensa- 
lism. 
The developing eggs of this species of Amblystoma seem 
to present a remarkable case of xumbiotit. 
Mient. Science, N. S., XXIX. 298. 
symbiotic (sira-bi-ot'ik), a. [< LGr. o-w///3<urof, 
< Gr. m-fifiiuaic, living together: see symbiosis.] 
Pertaining to or resembling symbiosis; living 
in that kind of consociation called symbiosis; 
exhibiting or having the character of symbi- 
osis. 
The complete fymbiotic community represents an auton- 
omous whole, living frequently In situations where nei- 
ther alga nor fungus is known to support existence sep- 
arately. Kneye. Brit., XVIII. 288. 
symbiptically (sim-bi-ot'i-kal-i), adr. In a 
symbiotic manner; in symbiosis. 
A Lichen Is a compound organism, consisting of a Fun- 
gus and an Alga living nrmbioticaUy. 
JSneye. Brit., XXIV. 128. 
symblepharon (sim-blef'a-ron), n. [NL., < Gr. 
ai'v, together, + /fttyopovV the eyelid.] Adhe- 
sion of the eyelid to the eyeball. 
symbol 1 (sim'bol), . [< F. symbole = Sp. '(- 
bolo = Pg. si/mftolo = It. simbolo = D. simbool 
= G. fSw. Dan. symbol, < L. symbolus, symbolum, 
ML. also aimbolus. simboluni, a sign, mark, 
token, symbol (rarely also as symboln, a contri- 
bution: see symbol 2 ), LL. also eccl. a creed, 
symbol, < Gr. obuSotet, abfipoMv, a sign by which 
one knows or infers something, a mark, token, 
badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watch- 
word, outward sign, LGr. eccl. a confession of 
faith, a sacramental element), < av/i/)&jtv, put 
together, compare, correspond, tally, come to 
a conclusion, < ai-v, together, + /3dAP^v, put, 
throw. Cf. symbol 2 .'] 1. An object, animate or 
inanimate, standing for or representing some- 
thing moral or intellectual; anything which 
typifies an idea or a quality , a representation ; 
a figure ; an emblem ; a type : as, the lion is 
the symbol of courage, the lamb of meekness 
or patience, the olive-branch of peace, and the 
scepter of power. 
All seals and tymtoh of redeemed sin. 
Shot.. Othello, II. 3. 350. 
The vision |ln Ezeklel Ix.) was a sign or symbol of the 
presence of Qod. 
Calvin, on Ezeklel, Ix. 3 (Calv. Trans. Soc.X P- 304. 
All things are tumbnli: the external shows 
Of Nature have their image in the mind, 
As flowers and fruits and falling of the leaves. 
Longfellow, The Harvest Moon. 
2. A letter or character which is significant ; 
a mark which stands for something ; a sign, as 
the letters and marks representing objects, ele- 
ments, oroperations in chemistry, mathematics, 
astronomy, etc. For various kinds of symbols or signs, 
see natation, proof-reading, tiffn, and iceathrr. In addi- 
tion to the signs of the zodiac (see sign\ the principal 
astronomical symbols are the following : e.Sun; o. Mer- 
cury; s, Venus; s , e, or , Earth ; J.Moon; /,Mars; 
symbolical 
n, Janitor; V, Saturn; H or J, Uranus; f, Neptune; a, 
ascending node; n, descending node; ', , conjunction; 
, DnpowSon. A planetoid or asteroid is generally indl- 
i ntid i,y Inclosing in a small circle the number which 
distinguishes it as noting thf order of IU discovery. 
This Is the ground of al orthographic, leading the wrjrter 
from thnuHind t<> Hie tyrnW, and tnarrudi i [mm theiynt- 
kal to the sound. 
A. Hume, Orthographic (E. E. T. S.), p. 7. 
3. That which specially distinguishes one re- 
garded in a particular character or BH occupying 
a particular olliro; an object or a figure typify- 
ingan individuality; an attribute: HM, atrident 
i^ i IIP symbol of Neptune, the peacock of Juno, 
a mirror or an apple of Venus. 
And Canute (fact more worthy to be known) 
From that time forth did for hU brows disown 
The ostentatious lymbol of a crown. 
Wurtlncvrth, A Fact and an Imagination. 
4. In then!., a summary of religions doctrine 
accepted as an authoritative ana official state- 
ment of the belief of the Christian church or 
of one of its denominations; a Christian creed. 
6. In math., an algebraical sign of any object 
or operation. See notation, 2. 6. In numis., a 
small device in the field of a coin, such devices 
for example, a lyre, a wine-cup, or an Ivy-wreath ch Irfly 
occur on Greek coins, where they are often the mark or 
signet of the monetary magistrate responsible for the 
issue of the coin. As a rule, the symbol bears no refer- 
ence to the type, or principal device, of the coin. Cal- 
culus of symbols. Same an ealculiu of operation* (which 
see, under calculu*). Chemical symbols. See chemical 
formula, under chnnifal. Legendrlan or Legendre's 
symbol See Leortulrian. Nlcene Symbol. SeeA'twn*. 
Subsidiary symbol. See ntbridiary. = 8yn. 1. Type, 
etc. (see rwiM.-wit, token, representative. 
symbol 1 (sim'bol), r. t.; pret. and pp. xymboled, 
symbnlled, ppr. symboling, xymbolling. [< sym- 
bol^, n."] To symbolize. 
The living passion lymbol'd there. 
Tennyton, Aylmel's Field. 
symbol 2 t (sim'bol), n. [< OF. symbole, < L. sym- 
bola, xumbola, < 6r. avfifM.r/, a contribution to a 
common entertainment, also the meal or enter- 
tainment itself, lit. ' a coming or putting toge- 
ther,' < avpiia^fatv, put together, mid. come 
together: see symbol^.] A contribution to a 
common meal or entertainment ; share ; lot ; 
portion. 
He refused to pay his tymbol, which himself and all the 
company had agreed should be given. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1838), I. "48. 
symbol aeography (sim'bo-le-og'ra-fi), . [< 
Gr. avft,36/.aiov, a token, a sign from which any 
conclusion is derived (< ai-ppofov, a sign : see 
symbol^), + -ypa6ia,(. ypafttv, write.] The art or 
science of framing legal instruments. 
symbolatry (sim-bol'a-tri), n. A reduced form 
of symbololatry. 
symbolic (sim-bol'ik), a. and n. [< F. xymlm- 
lique = Sp. simb6lico= Pg. symbolico = It. sim- 
bolico, < NL. symbolicvs, < Gr. avftfio^JKOf. of or 
belonging to a symbol. < oi'fiiioAov, a symbol : 
see symbol^.] J, a . i. Of or pertaining to sym- 
bols ; of the nature of a symbol ; serving as a 
symbol; representative: as, the figure of an eye 
is symbolic of sight and knowledge. 
AH nymbolic actions are modifications of actions which 
originally had practical ends were not Invented, but 
grew. H. Spencer, Prln. of Sociol., App. A. 
2. In gram., formal; relational; connective: 
sometimes noting words having a formal or re- 
lational value. 3. In math., dealing with sym- 
bols of operation Symbolic equation. See equa- 
tion. Symbolic method, a method of treating a prob- 
lem In which symbols of operation are treated as subject 
themselves to algebraic operations : also, In analytical 
geometry, the writing of a single letter for the nllfactum 
of the equation of a conic, etc.; also, in the theory of 
forms, the writing of a quantfc as If it were the power of 
a linear function. 
II. . Same as symbolics. 
symbolical (sim-bol'i-kal), a. [< symbolic + 
-al.] Same as symbolic. 
The sacrament Is a representation of Christ's death, by 
such tymbolical actions as himself appointed. 
Jer. Tat/lor. 
For all that meets the bodily sense I deem 
Symbolical one mighty alphabet 
For infant minds. 
Coleridge, The Destiny of Nations. 
Symbolical attributes. In the/!n art*, certain figures 
or objects usually Introduced as symbols In representa- 
tions of the evangelists, apostles, saints, etc., as the keys 
of St. Peter, or the lamb of St. Agnes. Symbolical 
books, such books as contain the fundamental doctrines, 
or creeds and confessions, of the different churches, as the 
Confession of Augsburg received by the Lutherans, the 
Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of England, etc. 
Symbolical delivery, method, etc. See the nonna. 
Symbolical knowledge, knowledge In which an object 
is known vicariously, by reflection upon symbols; know- 
ledge not intuitive; abstractive cognition. Symbolical 
philosophy, the philosophy expressed by hieroglyphics. 
