symbolically 
symbolically isim-bol'i-kal-i), arh\ In a sym- 
bolic manlier; by types or signs ; typically. 
symbolicalness (sim-bol'i-kal-nes), . The 
state or character of being symbolical. 
symbolics (sim-bol'iks), H. [P\. of symbolic: see 
-ies.] 1. The study of the symbols and mys- 
terious rites of antiquity. 2. That branch of 
theology which treats of the history and matter 
of Christian creeds and confessions of faith. 
It [polemics] has of late assumed a more dignified, less 
sectarian, and move catholic character, under the new 
name of Symbolics, which includes Irenics as well as Po- 
lemics. Schaff, Christ and Christianity, p. 5. 
symbolisation, symbolise, etc. See symboliza- 
tion, etc. 
symbolism (sim'bol-izm), n. [< F. symbolisme 
= Pg. symbolismo;' as symbol 1 + -ism.'] 1. The 
investing of things with a symbolic meaning 
or character; the use of symbols. 2. Sym- 
bolic character. 3. An exposition or compari- 
son of symbols or creeds. 
symbolist (sim'bol-ist), n. [< symbol 1 + -int.'] 
One who employs symbols ; one who practises 
symbolism. 
Examples which, however simple they may seem to a 
modern symbolist, represent a very great advance beyond 
the syllogism. J. Venn, Symbolic Logic, Int., p. xxxiii. 
6126 
worship.] Worship or excessive reverence of 
symbols. 
This theological revolution or pseudo-reformation has 
done, and is still doing, an incalculable amount of harm ; 
but it was a revolt of reason against the tyranny of sym- 
bololatry, and proved a wholesome purgatory of ortho- 
doxy. Schaff, Christ and Christianity, p. 167. 
symbolology (sim-bo-lol'o-ji), w. Same as sym- 
bology. 
symbol-printing (sim'bpl-prin"ting), n. In 
teleg., a system of printing in a cipher, as in 
the dots and dashes of the Morse alphabet, as 
distinguished from printing in ordinary alpha- 
betic characters. 
symborodont (sim-bor'o-dont), a. and n. [< Gr. 
ai'v, together, + /Jopof, devouring, + biuvf (bSovr-) 
= E. tooth.'] I. a. In odontog., having the ex- 
ternal tubercles of the upper molars longitudi- 
nal, compressed, and subcrescentic in section, 
the inner ones being independent and conic : 
applied to a form of lophodont dentition re- 
sembling the bunodont. 
II. n. A fossil mammal having symborodout 
dentition. 
symbranch (sim'brangk), n. A fish of the fam- 
ily Symbraiichidee in a broad sense. Sir J. Rich- 
ardson. 
physostomous teleost fishes. The shoulder-girdl 
is typically connected with the cranium, sometimes not; 
the skull has exoccipital condyles ; there is a symplectic 
bone; the opercular apparatus is complete; and the supra- 
l de- 
symbolistic (sim-bo-lis'tik), a. [< symbolist + Symbranchia (sim-brang'ki-a) n pi [NL., < 
3k).] Characterized by the use of symbols : as, % cw, together, + Sparta, gills.] An order of 
symbolistic poetry. 
symbolistical (sim-bo-lis'ti-kal), a. [< symbo- 
listic + -al.] Symbolistic. Imp. Diet. 
symbolization (sim"bol-i-za'shon), n. [< OF. 
symbolization, F. symbolisation ;"&s symbolize + 
-ation.] The act of symbolizing ; symbolic sig- 
nificance. Also spelled symbolisation. 
The hieroglyphical symbols of Scripture ... are oft- 
times racked beyond their symbolizations, and enlarged 
into constructions disparaging their true intentions. 
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. En-., v. 20. 
symbolize (sim'bol-iz), v. ; pret. and pp. sym- 
bolized, ppr. symbolizing. [< OF. symbolizer, F. 
symboliser = Sp. simbolizar = Pg. symbolizar = 
It. simbolizzare, < ML. "symbolisare (in deriv.); 
as symbol 1 + -ize.'] I. trans. 1. To represent by 
symbols. 
Dragons, and serpents, and ravening beasts of prey, and 
graceful birds that in the midst of them drink from run- 
ning fountains and feed from vases of crystal ; the pas- 
sions and the pleasures of human life symbolized together, 
and the mystery of its redemption. Ruskin. 
2. To regard,' treat, or introduce as symbolic ; 
make emblematic of something. 
We read in Pierius that an apple was the hieroglyphick 
of love, . . . and there want not some who have symbolized 
the apple of Paradise into such constructions. 
Sir T. Broume, Vulg. Err., vii. 1. 
3f. To make to agree in properties. Imp. Diet. 
II. intrans. 1. To express or represent in 
symbols or symbolically. 
In later centuries, I suppose, they would go on in sing- 
ing, poetically symbolizing, as our modern painters paint, 
when it was no longer from the innermost heart, or not 
from the heart at all. Carlyle. 
2. To agree; conform; harmonize; be or be- 
come alike in qualities or properties, in doc- 
trine, or the like. [Now rare.] 
But Aire turne Water, Earth may Fierize, 
Because in one part they do symbolize. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, i. 2. 
The Lutherans, who use far more Ceremonies symboliz- 
ing with those of Rome than the English Protestants ever 
did, keep still their Distance, and are as far from her now 
as they were at first. Howell, Letters, iv. 36. 
The believers in pretended miracles have always pre- 
viously symbolized with the performers of them 
O. S. Faber. 
Doctrinally, although quite able to maintain his own 
line, he [Henry VIII.) clearly symbolized consistently with 
Gardiner and not with Cranmer. 
Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 260. 
Also spelled symbolise. 
symbolizer (sim'bol-i-zer), n. [< symbolize + 
-er 1 .] One who symbolizes; specifically, one 
who casts in his vote or contribution with an- 
other. Also spelled symboliser. 
symbological (sim-bo-loj'i-kal), a. [< symbol- 
ff-y + -ic-al.] Of or pertaining to symbology. 
Imp. Diet. 
symbologist (sim-bol'o-jist), n. [< symbolog-y 
+ -ist.] One who is versed in symbology. 
Imp. Diet. 
symbology (sim-bol'6-ji), w. [A reduced form 
(= Sp. simbologia = Pg. symbologia) of "symbo- 
lology, < Gr. avfifioZov, a symbol, + -Aoyia, < \eyeiv, 
speak: see -ology.] The art of expressing by 
symbols. De Quincey. 
symbololatry (sim-bo-lol'a-tri), n. [Also, in 
reduced form, symboldtry (c'f. idolatry, similarly 
reduced) ; < Gr. a/>,u/3o/.ov, a symbol. + /larpe/a, 
maxillary bones as well as the intermaxillary are well 
veloped. All have a long eel-like body and confluent in- 
ferior branchial apertures. They have been referred to 
one family, Symbranchidx, and also separated into four 
families. Also Symbranchii. 
symbranchiate (sim-brang'ki-at), a. and H. [< 
Symbranchin + -atel.] I. a. Pertaining to the 
Symbranchia, or having their characters. 
II. n. A symbranch. 
Symbranchidae (sim-braug'ki-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Symbranclius + -idle.] A family of fishes, rep- 
resented by the genus Symbranchus, to which 
different limits have been assigned, (a) InGuu- 
ther'8 system, a family including the Symbranchidse 
proper, Amphipnoid&, Monopteridse, and Chilobranchidfe. 
(b) In Gill's system, restricted to the genus Symbranchus, 
represented by 3 species, one of which inhabits the rivers 
of tropical America, and the others those of southern and 
eastern Asia. Also Synbranchidie. See Symbranchus. 
Symbranchii (sim-brang'ki-i), w. pi. Same as 
Symbranchia. 
Symbranchus(sim-brang'kus), n. [NL. (Bloeh 
and Schneider, 1801, in form Synbranchiis), < Gr. 
aim, together, + ftpa-/x ia , gills.] The typical 
genus of Symbranchiaee., having four branchial 
arches, with well-developed gills, and the eel- 
like body naked, with the vent in its posterior 
half. S. marmoratus inhabits tropical America, 
and S. bengalensis is East Indian. 
Syme's operations. See operation. 
Symmachian (si-ma'ki-an), n. [< Symmachus 
(see def.) + -Jan.] A member of a Judaizing 
sect, supposed to have been so named from 
Symmachus the Ebionite, author of one of the 
Greek versions of the Old Testament in the sec- 
ond century. ' The Ebionites were still known 
by this name in the fourth century. 
Symmetral (sim'e-tral), n. [< symmetr-y + 
-al.] 1. Commensurable; symmetrical. 
It was both the doctrine of the apostles, and the practice 
of the church, while it was symmetral. to obey the magis- 
trate. Dr. H. More, Mystery of Godliness (1660), p. 204. 
2. Pertaining to symmetry Symmetral line, 
point. See triangle. Symmetral plane, a plane sepa- 
rating two relatively perverted parts of a symmetrical 
body. 
symmetrian (si-met'ri-an), n. [< symmetr-y + 
-an.] One eminently studious of proportion or 
symmetry of parts. 
His face was a thought longer than the exact stimmt- 
trians would allow. 
Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia. (Richardson.) 
symmetric (si-met'rik), a. [< F. symetrique 
Sp. simetrico = Pg. symetrico = It. simmetrico, 
< NL. *symmetricus, having symmetry, < Gr. 
avjj.neTpiK.6i;, of moderate size, < avftfterpia, pro- 
portion: see symmetry.] Same as symmetrical. 
Symmetric determinant. See determinant. Sym- 
metric function. See /unction. 
Symmetrical (si-met'ri-kal), a. [< symmetric + 
-al.] 1. Well-proportioned in its parts; hav- 
ing its parts in due proportion as to dimen- 
sions; harmonious: as, a symmetrical building; 
his form was very symmetrical. 2. Composed 
of two parts whose geometrical relations to one 
another are those of a body and its image in a 
plane mirror, every element of form having a 
corresponding element upon the opposite side 
of a median or symmetral plane, upon one 
symmetry 
continued perpendicular to that plane and at 
the same distance from it: said also of each 
part relatively to the corresponding part: as, 
the right arm is symmetrical with the left. 3. 
In a weakened sense, in zviil., having similar 
parts in reversed repetition on the two sides of a 
median plane, or meson, through an axis of the 
body, generally the longitudinal. Not all the 
parts need so correspond, nor need those which 
do correspond be equal. 4. Composed of parts 
or determined by elements similarly related to 
one another, and either having no determinate 
order (as the three lines which by their junction 
form a summit of a cube) or else in regular. 
cyclical order: said also of the parts in their 
mutual relation. 5. Specifically, in bot., of 
flowers, numerically regular; having the num- 
ber of members the same in all the cycles or 
series of organs that is, of sepals, petals, sta- 
mens, and carpels: same as isomerous, except 
that in a symmetrical flower there may be more 
than one set of the same kind of organs. Com- 
pare regular, a., 1 symmetrical equation, an 
equation whose nilfactum is a symmetrical function of 
the variables. Symmetrical function of several va- 
riables. See symmetric Junction, under function. Sym- 
metrical gangrene. Same as llaynaud's disease (which 
see, under disease). Symmetrical hemlanopsia. See 
hemianopsia. 
symmetrically (si-met'ri-kal-i), adv. In a 
symmetrical manner; with symmetry. 
symmetricalness (si-met'ri-kal-nes), n. The 
state or quality of being symmetrical. 
symmetrician (sim-e-trish'an), n. [< symmetric 
+ -law.] Same as symmetrian. 
The longest rib is commonlie about the fourth part of a 
man, as some rouing symmetricians afflrme. 
Harrison, Descrip. of Britain, L (Holinshed's Chron., I.). 
symmetrist (sim'e-trist), n. [< symmetr-y + 
-ist.'] One who is very studious or observant of 
symmetry, or due proportion ; a symmetrian. 
Some exact symmetrists have been blamed for being too 
true. Sir H. Wotton, Reliquice, p. 56. 
symmetrization (sim"e-tri-za'shon), . [< sym- 
metrize + -ation.'] The act or process of sym- 
metrizing. Also spelled symmctrisation. 
The details of the process of sifmmetrisation the 
strongly marked character of which justifies the use of an 
otherwise undesirable term are still rather obscure. 
Micros. Science, N. S., XXXI. 448. 
symmetrize (sim'e-triz), r. t. ; pret. and pp. 
symmetrized, ppr. symmetrizing. [< F. syme- 
triser; as symmetr-y + -ize.~\ To make propor- 
tional in its parts; reduce to symmetry. Also 
spelled symmetrise. 
He would soon have supplied every deficiency, and 
symmetrized every disproportion. Burlce. 
symmetroid (sim'e-troid), . [Irreg. < Gr. avfi- 
jjusTpia, symmetry, + cMof , form.] A surface of the 
fourth order defined by an equation A = 0, where 
A is a symmetrical determinant of the fourth 
order between expressions that are linear func- 
tions of the homogeneous point-coordinates. 
symmetrophobia(sim"e-tro-f6'bi-a), n. [Irreg. 
< Gr. avfifjerpia, symmetry, + ^<i/3of, fear.] An 
imagined dread or supposed intentional avoid- 
ance of architectural or structural symmetry, 
or its result, as exhibited in the unsymmetrical 
structure of Egyptian temples, and very widely 
in Japanese art. [A fanciful term.] 
A symmftriphobia that it is difficult to understand. 
J. Fergusson, Hist. Arch., I. 115. 
There were many bends in it [the avenue at Karnak], 
but the fact affords no fresh proof of Egyptian symmetro- 
phobia. Miss A. B. Edwards, tr. of Maspero's Egypt. 
[Archseol. (1887), p. 86. 
symmetry (sim'e-tri), n. [Formerly also sym- 
metrie, simmetrie; (. OF. symmetric, F. symetrie 
= Sp. simetria = Pg. symelria = It. simetria, sim- 
metria = D. simmetrie= G. symmetries Sw. Dan. 
symmetri, < L. symmetric, < Gr. ov/i/ierpia, agree- 
ment in dimensions, arrangement, etc., due 
proportion, < av/i/jeTpoc, having a common mea- 
sure, commensurate, even, proportionate, mod- 
erate, in due proportion, symmetric, < avv, with, 
+ fterpov, measure.] 1. Proportionality; com- 
mensurability ; the due proportion of parts ; es- 
pecially, the proper commensurability of the 
parts of the human body, according to a canon : 
hence, congruity; beauty of form. The Greek word 
av^erpia was probably first applied to the commensura- 
bility of numbers, thence to that of the parts of a statue, 
and soon to elegance of form in general. 
2. The metrical correspondence of parts with 
reference to a median plane, each element of 
geometrical form having its counterpart upon 
the opposite side of that plane, in the same con- 
tinued perpendicular to the plane, and at the 
same distance from it, so that the two halves 
are geometrically related as a body and its ina- 
