sympathize 
The men do sympathize with the mastiffs in robustious 
and rough coming on. Shak., Hen. V., iii. 7. 168. 
II. trans. 1. To have sympathy for; share 
in; participate in. 
AH that are assembled in this place, 
That by this sympathized one day's error 
Have sufler'd wrong, go keep us company. 
Shak., C. ot E., v. 1. 397. 
2. To form with suitable adaptation ; contrive 
with congruity or consistency of parts ; match 
in all the concomitants of; harmonize in all 
the parts of. [Obsolete or archaic in both 
uses. ] 
Arm. Fetch hither the swain ; he must carry me a letter. 
Moth. A message well sympathized; a horse to be ambas- 
sador for an ass. Shak., L. L. L., iii. 1. 62. 
Also spelled sympathise. 
sympathizer (siin'pa-thi-zer), . [< sympathize 
+ -eel .] One who 'sympathizes with or feels 
for another; one who feels sympathy. Also 
spelled sympathiser. 
sympathy (sim'pa-thi),.; pi. sympathies (-ihiz). 
[Formerly also sympathic, simpathie; = P. sym- 
pathie = Sp. simpatia = Pg. sympathia = It. 
simpatia. < L. sympathia, < (Jr. cv/nra6eia, fellow- 
feeling, community of feeling, sympathy, < ovfi- 
iraOfc, having a fellow-feeling, affected by like 
feelings, sympathetic, also exciting sympathy, 
< aiiv, with, + Traftjf, feeling, passion: see pa- 
thos. Ci. apathy, antipathy.] 1 . Feeling iden- 
tical with or resembling that which another 
feels; the quality or state of being affected 
with feelings or emotions corresponding in 
kind if not in degree to those which another 
experiences : said of pleasure or pain, but espe- 
cially of the latter ; fellow-feeling; commisera- 
tion ; compassion. In writers not quite modern an 
occult influence of one mind (or body) by another Is meant, 
but this meaning is now almost forgotten. 
This is by a natural! simpathie betweene the eare and 
the eye, and betweene tunes & colours. 
Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poeaie, p. 70. 
In order to awaken something of sympathy for the un- 
fortunate natives. Burke, Fox s East India Bill. 
The word sympathy may also be used on this occasion, 
though the sense of it seems to be rather more extensive. 
In a good sense, it is styled benevolence ; and, in certain 
cases, philanthropy; and, in a figurative way, brotherly 
love; in others, humanity; in others, charity; in others, 
pity and compassion ; in others, mercy ; in others, grati- 
tude ; in others, tenderness ; in others, patriotism ; in oth- 
ers, public spirit. 
Bentham, Introd. to Morals and Legislation, x. 25. 
Although we commonly have in view feeling for pain 
rather than for pleasure when we talk of sympathy, this 
last really includes both. 
J. Sully, Outlines of Psychol.. p. BIO. 
It is true that sympathy does not necessarily follow 
from the mere fact of gregariousness. Cattle do not help 
a wounded comrade; on the contrary, they are more 
likely to dispatch him. 
W. James, Prin. of Psychology, II. 210. 
2. An agreement of affections or inclinations, 
or a conformity of natural disposition which 
makes two persons agreeable each to the other; 
mutual or reciprocal inclination or affection ; 
sympathetic interest : in this sense commonly 
followed by with : as, to have sympathy with a 
person in his hopes, aspirations, or aims. 
Yea, I think there was a kind of sympathy betwixt that 
valley and him. Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress, ii. 
Priscilla's silent sympathy with his purposes, so unal- 
loyed with criticism, and therefore more grateful than 
any intellectual approbation, which always involves a 
possible reserve of latent censure. 
Hawthorne, Blithedale Romance, ix. 
To cultivate sympathy, you must be among living crea- 
tures, and thinking about them. Ruskin. 
3. In physiol. and patliol.: (a) That state of an 
organ or a tissue which has a certain relation 
to the condition of another organ or tissue in 
health and disease ; a related state of the vital 
manifestations or actions in different organs 
or tissues, such that when one part is excited 
or affected others are also affected; that re- 
lation of the organs and parts of a living body 
to each other whereby a disordered condition 
of one part induces more or less disorder in 
another part: as, for example, the pain in the 
brow caused by taking a draught of cold water 
into the stomach, the pain in the right shoulder 
arising from disease of the liver, or the irri- 
tation and vomiting produced by a tumor of 
the brain, (i) The influence which the physi- 
ological or pathological state of one individual 
has in producing the same or an analogous state 
in another at the same time or in rapid succes- 
sion, as exemplified in the hysterical convul- 
sions which affect a number of women on see- 
ing one of their companions suffering from hys- 
teria, or the yawning produced by seeing an- 
6128 
other yawn. 4f. Physical action at a distance 
(so used by old writers against astrology, who 
argue that the influence of the stars is not 
physical sympathy and not moral sympathy, 
and therefore doe's not exist at all): as, the 
sympathy between the lodestone and iron. 
What we call sympathies and antipathies depending in- 
deed on the peculiar textures and other modifications of 
the bodies between whom these friendships and hostili- 
ties are said to be exercised, I see not why it should be 
impossible that there be a cognation betwixt a body of a 
congruous or convenient texture and the effluviums of 
any other body. Boyle, Hidden Qualities of Air. 
5. In acoustics, the fact, condition, or result of 
such a relation between two vibratilo bodies 
that when one is thrown into vibration the 
other tends to vibrate in a similar or related 
way, in consequence of the vibrations commu- 
nicated to it through the air or some other me- 
dium Powder of sympathy. See powder. =Syn.l. 
Commiseration, Compassion, etc. (tee pity); tenderness. 
2. Affinity, harmony. 
sympathyt (sim'pa-thi), v. i. [< sympathy, .] 
To sympathize. [Rare.] 
Pleasures that are not man's as man is man, 
But as his nature sympathies with beasts. 
Randolph, Muse's Looking Glass, ii. 3. 
sympelmoUS (sim-pel'mus), a. [< Gr, aim, to- 
gether, + TT&fui, the sole of the foot.] In or- 
iiith., having the tendons of the deep flexors 
of the toes blended 
in one before separat- 
ing to proceed one to 
each of the four digits : 
contrasted with nomo- 
pelmotis. Also synpcl- 
mous. Stand. Nat. Hist., 
IV. 369. 
sympetalous (sim-pet'- 
a-lus), a. [< Gr. ain>, 
together, + XETO.'/JW, 
leaf (in mod. bot. a pet- 
al).] In bot., having 
the petals united ; gam- 
opetalous. See mono- 
petalous, and cut under 
corolla. 
SVmphant n. rME.SI/M- SyiiipelmousFootofRock-s^ift 
phane, SimphannC : See the united deep plantar tendons, 
symphony.] Same as p ^'m'of a Jn : inn? s 5S?'neiKlr a ionB'i!s 
symphony, 2 (a). Catlt. hallucis; //rf, fleior pertbrans 
I*/, p. 340. 
symphant, ''. *. [ME. *symphanen,synfan; < sym- 
plian, n.] To play on a symphan or symphony. 
Cath. Anf/., p. 340. 
Symphemia (sim-fe'mi-&), n. [NL. (Eafi- 
nesque, 1815, as Synphema), < Gr. avfnti/jof, 
agreeing with, < ov/apavai, agree with, < avv, to- 
gether, + <t>avai, speak, say.] A genus of Amer- 
ican limicoline grallatorial birds, having the 
toes basally webbed and the bill comparatively 
thick; the semipalmated tattlers, or willets. 
They are among the larger birds of their tribe, with stout 
bill and feet, the latter bluish, and two decided basal 
webs instead of one. The wings are white-mirrored and 
black-lined, and the whole plumage is variegated. The 
common willet of North America is S. semipalmata; a 
second species or subspecies is S. speculiferug. The genus 
is also called Catoptrophorus or Catoptrophonus, and also 
Hoditis. See cuts under semipalmate and mllet. 
symphenomena (sim-fe-nom'e-na), n. pi [< 
LGr. ov/i<t>aiv6[ieva, ppr. of (rv/iit>ahenffai, appear 
along with or together, < Gr. avv, with, together, 
+ ijmiveaSai, appear: see phenomenon.] Phe- 
nomena of a kind or character similar to others 
exhibited by the same object. Stormonth. 
symphenomenal (sim-fe-nom'e-nal), o. [< 
symphenomena + -al.] Of the nature of, or per- 
taining to, symphenomena; specifically, desig- 
nating significant words imitative of natural 
sounds or phenomena. Stormonth. 
symphonia 1 (sim-fo'ni-a), . [L.: see sym- 
phony.] i. In anc. Gr. 'music, same as concord 
or consonance. 2. In medieval music, a name 
applied to several distinct instruments, such 
as the bagpipe, hurdy-gurdy, or virginal. 3. 
Same as symphony. 
Symphonia 2 (sim-fo'ni-a), n. [NL. (Linnaeus 
nlius, 1781), named from the regular flowers 
and fruit; < L. symphonia, a plant so called ( var. 
symphoniaca), appar. an amaranth, < Gr. av/t- 
<fxwia, symphony: see symphony.] A genus 
of polypetalous plants, of the order Guttiferse 
and tribe Moronobese. It is characterized by globose 
flowers with short sepals, erect convolute petals, and a 
columnar stamen-tube of five elongated lobes bearing 
three or four anthers below the apex. The 5 species are 
all confined to Madagascar. They are trees or shrubs 
with thin but coriaceous leaves having crowded parallel 
veins proceeding from the midrib. The large terminal 
flowers are commonly scarlet and grouped in somewhat 
umbellate panicles, followed by globose or ovoid berries. 
Symphoricarpos 
The hog-gum tree is referred by some to this genus as 5. 
ylobultfera. See M oronobea, hog-gum, and karamani-resin. 
symphonic (sim-fon'ik), a. [= P. symphonique; 
as symplioii-y + -ic. Cf. L. symphoniacus, < Gr. 
av/i<t>twiait6, pertaining to music or to a con- 
cert.] 1. Of or pertaining to symphony, or har- 
mony of sounds; symphonious. Imp. Diet. 
2. Having the same sound, as two words ; 
homophonic; homophonous; homonymous. 
Mr. Sweet is now engaged on a work which gives him 
special facilities of comparing whole classes of symphonic 
words with each other and their earlier forms. 
J. A. H. Murray, Address to the Philol. Soc., May 21, 1880 
((in Trans. Philol. Soc., 1880, p. 149). 
3. In music, pertaining or relating to or char- 
acteristic of a symphony: as, a composition in 
symphonic form. 
Schumann's First Symphony ... as a whole . . . has 
no superior in all symphonic literature. 
The Nation, Nov. 29, 1883. 
Symphonic poem, in music, a work of symphonic dimen- 
sions, but free in form, like an overture, based on a speci- 
fied poetic subject : an elaborate kind of program-music 
especially favored by Liszt. 
symphonion (sim-fo'ni-on), n. [NL., < Gr. av/i- 
(fujvia, a unison of sound: see symphony.] A 
combination of pianoforte and harmonium, in- 
vented by P. Kaufmann in 1839, which was the 
precursor of the orchestrion. 
Symphonious (sim-fo'ni-us), a. [< symphon-y 
+ -oils.] 1. Characterized by symphony, or 
harmony of sounds; agreeing in sound; accor- 
dant; harmonious. 
Sound 
Symphonious of ten thousand harps. 
Milton, P. L., vii. 559. 
More dulcet and symphonious than the bells 
Of village-towers on sunshine holiday ! 
Shelley, (Edipus 'l"yrannus, ii. 2. 
2. In music, same as symphonic. 
symphonist (sim'fo-nist), n. [= P. sympho- 
niste; as symphon-y + -ist.] A composer of 
symphonies : as, Haydn , Mozart, and Beethoven 
are the greatest of the earlier symphonists. 
syinphonizet (sim'fo-niz), r. i. [< symphon-y 
+ -iee.] To agree; harmonize. Also spelled 
symphonise. 
The law and prophets symphonizinff with the gospel. 
Boyle, Style of the Holy Scriptures (Works, II. 137). 
_lphony (sim'fo-ni), n. ; pi. symphonies (-niz). 
JEarly mod. E. also symphonic, simphonie, sim- 
fonie; < ME. symphonye,sinfonye, etc., < OP. sym- 
phonic, sinfonie, P. symphonic = Sp. sinfonia = 
Pg. symphonia = It. sinfonia = G. symphonic = 
Sw. Dan. symfoni, < L. symphonia, < Gr. avft<t>wia, 
a unison of sound, a concert, symphony, < av/t- 
fywvof, agreeing in sound, harmonious, accor- 
dant^ avv, together, + (JKJVJ/, voice, sound, tone.] 
1. A consonance or harmony of sounds agree- 
able to the ear, whether the sounds are vocal 
or instrumental, or both. 
The Poetes cheife Musicke lying in his rime or Concorde 
to heare the Simphonie, he maketh all the hast he can to 
be at the end of his verse, and delights not in many stayes 
by the way, and therefore giueth but one Cesure to any 
verse. Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 82. 
Sound and sweetness, voice, and symphonic, 
Concord, Consent, and heav'nly harmonie. 
Heywood, Hierarchy of Angels, p. 582. 
2. In music: (t) Same as symphonia 1 , 2. 
Heer is the queen of Fairye, 
With harpe and pype and sympttonye 
Dwelling in this place. 
Chaucer, Sir Thopas, 1. 104. 
Praise him upon the claricoales, 
The lute and simfonie. 
Leighton, Teares or Lamentations (1013). (Halliwell, 
[under regals.) 
(6f ) Same as ritornelJe. (c) An elaborate com- 
position in three or more movements, essen- 
tially similar in construction to a sonata, but 
written for an orchestra, and usually of far 
grander proportions and more varied elements. 
The symphony is now recognized as the highest kind of 
instrumental music. It was brought to its classical form 
mainly by Haydn in the last part of the eighteenth cen- 
tury, and has since been extensively developed by Mozart, 
Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Brahms, and others. 
Symphoricarpos (sim*fo-ri-kar'pos), . [NL. 
(Dillenius, 1732), so called in allusion to the 
clustered berries ; < Gr. av/j<t>opeiv, bear together 
oi'i>, together, + fytpem = E. bear*), + napx-of, 
fruit.] A genus of gamopetalous shrubs, of the 
order Caprifoliacess and tribe Lonicerese. It is 
characterized 'by flowers with a cup-shaped and four- or 
five-toothed calyx, a funnel- or bell-shaped corolla bearing 
as many lobes and epipetalous stamens, and an ovary of 
four cells, two with a few imperfect ovules, the others each 
with the ovule solitary, perfect, and pendulous. The 8 or 9 
species are natives of the United States, Canada, and the 
mountainsof Mexico. They are mainly western ; one,S. occi- 
dentalis. extends north to latitude 64'. They are smooth or 
hairy shrubs with slender four-angled branchlets and scaly 
bnds, producing opposite ovate leaves which are entire or 
