Symplocos 
For S. tinctoria, the only species in the I'nitecl States, 
see sweetleaf. The bark and leaves (if this and several 
other species, particularly of S. racemosa, the lodh-bark 
tree of India, are used as a dye. The leaves of 5. ramo- 
sissima of the Himalayas are said to be there the food of 
the yellow silkworm. All contain an astringent principle 
in their leaves. The leaves of S. Alstonia (Alstonia these- 
formis), a branching South American shrub, are used as 
a substitute for tea in Brazil. 
sympode (sim'pod), . [< sympodium, q. v.] 
Same as nympodiiiin. 
According to this, the shoot of the vine is a sympode, 
consisting of a number of "podia" placed one over the 
other in longitudinal series. Encyc. Brit., XXIV. 237. 
Sympodia. Plural of sympodium. 
sympodial (sim-po'di-al), a. [< sympodium + 
-al.} In bot., having the character of or re- 
sulting in a sympodium : as. a sympodial stem ; 
a sympodial growth Sympodial dichotomy. See 
dichotomy (c). 
sympodially (sim-po'di-al-i), adv. In bot., as a 
sympodium. DC Sary, Fungi (trans.), p. 137. 
sympodium (sim-po'di-um), >^; pi. sympodia (-a). 
[NL., < Gr. a'vv, 
with, + icAvf 
Sympodium. 
Branch of Linden, representing 
this kind of ramification. The 
apparently terminal shoot has been devcl- 
oped from the axil of the leaf (now dropped), 
represented in the figure by dotted lines, 
w hile the scar S indicates the place of the 
true terminal bud which has died off; B, 
bud-scales. 
In bo t., an axis or 
stem which imi- 
tates a simple 
stem, but is 
made up of the 
bases of a num- 
ber of axes 
which arise suc- 
cessively as 
branches one 
from another. 
The grape-vine 
furnishes a perfect example. Compare mono- 
podium and dichotomy. Also called pseudo-axis. 
Thus in a dichotomous branching only one of the sec- 
ondary axes may develop strongly, the weaker branch ap- 
pearing as a small lateral shoot from its base ; and an ap- 
parent primary shoot is thus produced which in reality 
consists of the bases of single branches of consecutive 
forkings. Such an axis is termed a pseudaxis or sympo- 
dium. Eitcyc. Brit., IV. 93. 
sympolar (sim-po'liir), a. [< Gr. aim, with, + E. 
polar. ~\ Polar to one another. sympolar pair 
of heteropolars, a pair of polyhedra such that to each 
face of the one corresponds a summit of the other, and 
vice versa. 
symposia, n. Plural of symposium. 
symposiac (sim-po'zi-ak), a. and w. [< L. gym- 
posiacus, < Gr. avfnroaian6f, of or pertaining to a 
symposium, < avuiroaiov, a drinking-party, sym- 
posium: see symposium.] I. a. 1. Of or per- 
taining to a symposium. 
That which was fine in discourse at a gymposiac or an 
academical dinner began to sit uneasily upon him in the 
practice. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 838. 
Symposiacfc disputations amongst my acquaintance. 
Arbulhnot. 
2. Pertaining to or resembling musical catches, 
rounds, or glees. 
II. w. A conference or conversation at a ban- 
quet; a symposium. 
Lampias, a man eminent for his learning, and a phi- 
losopher, of whom Plutarch has made frequent mention 
in his symposiacts, or Table Conversations. 
Dryden, Plutarch. 
symposial (sim-po'zi-al), a. [< symposium + 
-al.] Of or pertaining to a symposium. Amer. 
Anthropologist, III. 2. 
symposiarch (sim-po'zi-ark), . [< Gr. av/i-n-o- 
ala PX1ft av/nroaiapxof, the president of a drink- 
ing-party, a toast-master, < av/j.ir6aiov, a drink- 
ing-party, symposium, + ap^uv, rule, govern.] 
In Gr. antiq., the president, director, or mana- 
ger of a symposium or drinking-party; hence, 
in modern usage, one who presides at a sym- 
posium, or the leading spirit of a convivial 
gathering: applied somewhat familiarly, chief- 
ly with reference to the meetings of noted wits, 
or literary or learned persons of recognized 
consequence; specifically, the toast-master of 
such banquets. 
He does not condemn sometimes a little larger and more 
pleasant carouse at set banquets, under the government 
and direction of some certain prudent and sober sumposi- 
archs or masters of the feasts. 
Tom Brown, Works, HI. 260. (Davies.) 
symposiast (sim-po'zi-ast), . [< Gr. as if *avu- 
jfoaiaarf/f, < avfmAatov, a drinking-party, sympo- 
sium: see symposium.] One who is engaged 
with others at a symposium, convivial meeting, 
or banquet. [Humorous.] 
Lady - is tolerably well, with two courses and a 
French cook. She has fitted up her lower rooms in a very 
pretty style, and there receives the shattered remains of 
the symposiasts of the house. 
Sydney Smith, To Lady Davy. Sept. 11, 1842. 
(5130 
symposium (xim-po'zi-um), n.; p\.si/mpos!a(-&). 
[Also sometimes sj/mposioii ; < L. ttt/mposhi/ii, < 
Gr. avurrtioioi', a drinking-party, drinking after 
a dinner, < av/tmvetv, drink with or together, < 
avv, together, + iriveiv, drink : see potation.] 1. 
A drinking together; a compotation ; a merry 
feast; a convivial meeting. The symposium usu- 
ally followed a dinner, for the Greeks did not drink at 
meals. Its enjoyment was heightened by intellectual or 
agreeable conversation, by the introduction of music or 
dancers, and by other amusements. The beverage was 
usually wine diluted with water, seldom pure wine. 
In these symposia the pleasures of the table were im- 
proved by lively and liberal conversation. 
Gibbon, Misc. Works, I. 115. 
The reader's humble servant was older than most of the 
party assembled at this symposium [Philip's call-supper]. 
Thackeray, Philip, vil. 
2. Hence, in a loose use, any collection of opin- 
ions, as of commentators on a disputed passage; 
in a recent use, a collection of short articles, as 
in a magazine, by several writers, on various 
aspects of a given topic: as, a symposium on 
the Indian question. 
symptom (simp'tom), n. [Formerly also xin//i- 
tome; < OF. symptome, F. symptome = Sp. sin- 
toma = Pg. symptoma = It. sintoma, sintomo = 
D. symptoom = G. Sw. Dan. symptom, < NL. symp- 
toma, < Gr. ffyarrouo. a chance, mischance, cas- 
ualty, symptom of disease, < avfivmTtiv, fall in 
with, meet with, < aln>, with, + irfirri>, fall.] 
1. One of the departures from normal function 
or form which a disease presents, especially 
one of the more evident of such departures. 
They are divided into subjective symptoms, or abnormal 
feelings on the part of the patient, and objective symp- 
toms, which are evident to the senses of the observer. In 
a narrower sense, symptoms are contrasted with physi- 
cal signs, in that case denoting all symptoms except the 
signs. 
Our Symptoms are bad, and without our Repentance 
aud amendment God knows what they may end in. 
SlilKrujfeet, Sermons, I. viii. 
The characteristick symptom of human madness is the 
rising up in the mind of images not distinguishable by the 
patient from impressions upon the senses. 
Paley, Evidences, i. 2. 
2. Any sign or indication ; that which indicates 
the existence of something else. 
It [pride] appears under a multitude of disguises, and 
breaks out in ten thousand different symptoms. 
Steele, Tatler, No. 127. 
My Joy and Suffering they display, 
At once are Signs of Life and Symptoms of Decay. 
Congreve, To a Candle. 
Accidental symptoms, symptoms which supervene in 
the course of a disease without having any necessary 
connection with it. Active symptoms. See drift*. - 
Assident or accessory symptoms. See assident. 
Brauch-Romberg symptom. Same as Komberg's symp- 
torn. Concomitant symptoms, accessory phenomena 
which occur in association with the essential symptoms of 
a disease. Consecutive symptoms. See consecutive. 
Equivocal symptom. See equivocal. Romberg's 
symptom, excessive swaying when the eyes are closed. 
Signal symptom, the first disturbance of sensation or 
action ushering in a more or less extensive convulsion, or 
beginning a paralysis. It serves to indicate the position 
of the initial lesion. Stellwag's symptom, a symptom 
of exophthalmic goiter consisting in a slight retraction of 
the upper eyelid. Westphal's symptom, the loss of the 
knee-jerk. = Syn. Indication, mark. 
symptomatic (simp-to-mat'ik), n. [< F. symp- 
tomatique = Sp. sintomdtico = Pg. symptomatico 
= It. sintomatico, < NL. symptomaticus, < Gr. 
avfmru/taTiKus, of or pertaining to a chance (or 
a symptom), casual, ( o~ty/7rrw//a(r-), a symptom : 
see symptom."] 1 . Of the nature of a symptom ; 
indicative ; in pathol., secondary. 
If Insanity be defined on the basis of disease, it must 
have the same symptomatic characteristics as disease in 
general. Alien, and Neural., VIII. 637. 
Symptomatic of a shallow understanding and an unami- 
able temper. Macaulay. 
2. According to symptoms: as, a symptomatic 
classification of diseases Symptomatic an- 
thrax, neuralgia, etc. See the nouns. Symptomatic 
diagnosis, in pathol., a rehearsal of the immediate find- 
ings in a case, without deducing the etiological or ana- 
tomical conditions which produced them. Sympto- 
matic disease, a disease which proceeds from some 
prior disorder in some part of the body. Thus, a symp- 
tomatic Sever may proceed from local injury or local in- 
flammation : opposed to idiopathic disease. 
symptomatical (simp-to-mat'i-kal), a. [< symp- 
tomatic + -al.] Same 'as symptomatic. Scott, 
Antiquary, xiv. 
symptomatically (simp-to-mat'i-kal-i), adr. 
In a symptomatic manner;' by means of symp- 
toms ; in the nature of symptoms. 
symptomatize (simp'to-ma-tiz), r. t. ; pret. and 
pp. sympto/natized. ppr'. syinptomatizing. [< Gr. 
av/i7TTu/ia(T-\ symptom, + -fee.] To show symp- 
toms of; characterize by symptoms; indicate. 
Also spelled nymptnmatise. 
synagogue 
Senile insanity is symptamatized by dementia with fre- 
quent intercurrent attacks of mania. 
Encyc. Brit., XIII. 109. 
symptomatological (simp-to-mat-o-loj'i-kal), 
a. [< si/mptomatoliHj-y + -ii'-al.] Of or per- 
taining to symptomatology or symptoms. /I. 
A. Hammond, l)is. of Nervous System, iv. 
symptomatologically (simp-to-mat-o-loj'i- 
kal-i), adr. In a symptomatological manner; 
by symptoms. Lancet. 1889. I. 101. 
symptomatology (wrap'to-ma-toro-jO, n. [< 
Gr. ai'fiirTa/ui(T-), symptom, -4- -/loj-m, < 'Atyetv, 
speak : see -ology.] The sum of scientific know- 
ledge concerning symptoms ; also, the array of 
symptoms presented by a disease. 
The localization and tymptomatology of cerebral disease. 
J. M. Carnochan, Operative Surgery, p. 261. 
symptom-complex (simp'tom-kom"pleks), H. 
Same as symptom-group. 
symptom-group (simp'tom-grop), . In pathol., 
a group of morbid features frequently occur- 
ring together. Also symptom-complex. 
symptomology (simp-to-mol'o-ji), 11. Same as 
symptomatology. 
symptosis (simp-to'sis), w. [< F. xymptose (a 
word formed by Chasles in 1829, suggested by 
asymptote), < Gr. ov/iirTuai;, meeting (not used in 
math., and ai'fivru^a only in a very different 
sense).] The meeting of polars of the same 
point with reference to different loci Axis of 
symptosis. (a) A line every point upon which has the 
same polar plane with reference to two quadric surfaces. 
(6) A line which is the common chord of two conies. 
Center of symptosis, the point of intersection of two 
axes of symptosis elsewhere than on the quadric locus. 
Plane Of symptosis, a plane so related to two quad- 
ric surfaces that the polar planes of every point in it 
with reference to these quadrics shall intersect in a line 
lying in that.plane. 
sympus (sim'pus), . [NL., < Gr. ol'turavf, hav- 
ing the feet together or closed, < a'vv, together, 
+ jroi'f = E. foot.] In teratol., a monster with 
the lower extremities more or less united. 
syn-. [In earlier E. use also sin-; =F. syn-, OF. 
syn-, sin- = Sp. sin- = Pg. syn-, sin- = It. sin-, 
< L. syn-, < Gr. aw-, fiv-, a prefix, < ai-v, Attic 
fly, prep., with, along or together with, beside, 
attended with: see com-.] A prefix of Greek 
origin, corresponding to the Latin prefix con-, 
and signifying ' with, together, along with,' etc. 
Before certain consonants the is assimilated, 
making syl-, sijm-, sys-, and sometimes it is 
dropped. 
synacmic (sin-ak'mik), a. [< synacm-y + -c.] 
In bot., of or pertaining to synacmy. 
synacmy (sin-ak'mi), n. [< Gr. aii>, with, to- 
gether, + iiKuri, prime, maturity : see acme.] In 
bot., synanthesis; simultaneous maturity of the 
anthers and stigmas of a flower: opposed to 
heteracmy. A. W. Bennett, Jour, of Bot., VIII. 
316. 
synacral (siu-ak'ral), a. [< Gr. avv, with, + 
a/cpof, at the top or end : see aero-.] Having, as 
faces of a polyhedron, a common summit. 
synadelphic (sin-a-del'fik), a. [< Gr. avv, with, 
together, + arfe/^o'f, brother.] Acting together 
or concurring in some action, as different mem- 
bers of an animal body ; also, noting such ac- 
tion. [Bare.] 
The action of both wings and feet, since both pairs act 
together, is what I propose to call synadelphic. 
Science, IX. 232. 
synadelphite (sin-a-del'0t), n. [So called with 
ref. to another associated species, diadelphite; 
< Gr. avv, with, + aSetybf, brother, + -ite 2 .] An 
arseniate of manganese, occurring in mono- 
clinic crystals of blackish-brown color, found 
in Nordmark, Sweden. 
synaeresis, n. See syneresis. 
synaesthesia, synesthesia (sin-es-the'si-a), . 
[NL. synesthesia, < Gr. avv, with, -t- aidih/atf, 
sensation.] The production of a sensation lo- 
cated in one place when another place is stimu- 
lated. 
synagogal (sin'a-gog-al), . [< aynayogue + 
-al.] Synagogical. 
synagogical (sin-a-goj'i-kal), a. [< synagogue 
+ -ic-al.] Pertaining or renting to a syna- 
gogue. 
synagogue (.sin'a-gog), w. [Formerly also XIIHI- 
gogue; < F. synagogue Sp. It. muaaoya = Pg. 
synagoaa = D. G. Dan. SI/IKIIJOIJC = Sw. si/nago- 
ga, < LL. synagoga, < Gr. (nvayw-ji/, a bringing 
together, a collecting, collection, in LXX and 
N. T. an assembly, synagogue, < avva-,eiv, gather 
or bring together, < avv, together, + ayeiv, drive, 
lead: see agent. ~\ 1. An organization of the 
Jews for the purposes of religious instruction 
and worship. 
