synagogue 
The term *i/na<joyuf (like our word < burch)lgnlfies first 
the ronu'r'-jv.tion, then also the bnildiiiK wbere the con- 
gregation meet for public worship. 
' ff. Hint. Christ, church. I. M. 
6131 
2. Tin 1 liuililing whi-iv such instruction iind 
worship HIV maintained. The synagogue Bret came 
intn prominence in the religious lift' of the Jewllll peopl. 
during tin- i-\ili-, ;md, since the destruction nf the temple 
and tile dispersion tif the Jews, constitute)* their custom- 
ary phire of worship. The organization of the synagogue 
consists of a board of elders presided over by a ruler of 
the synagogue (l.uke mi 41, 49, xlli. 14). The worship IK 
rutidiu-ted iirr.onling to a prescribed ritual, In which tin 
reading of the Scripture constitutes a prominent part. 
Formerly the officers of the synagogue exercised certain 
judichd functions, and the synagogue itself was the place 
of trial (l.uke xii. ll.xxi. ]-.;>, "but this is no longer the case. 
There besyde was the Synaatujt ', where the Bysshonpcs 
of Jewes and the I'haryses cumeli to gldere, and helilen 
here t'onscille. MaiuleeiUt, Travels, p. 93. 
3. All assembly of Jewish Christians in the 
early church. 
If there come Into your nyttnijnyue a man with a gold 
ring, in fine clothing, . . . and ye have regard to him that 
weareth tho tine clothing, . . . are ye not . . . IH-I-I.MM' 
Judges with evil thoughts? Jas. II. 2 I II. V.). 
Hence 4. Any assembly of men. [Kare.J 
A tyiwjoffue of Jesuits. Miltrm. (Imp. Diet) 
The Great Synagogue, a Jewish assembly or council of 
I'Jll members said To nave been founded ami presided over 
by Ezra after the return from the captivity. Their 'hit it s 
are supposed to have been the remodeling of the religious 
life of the people, and the collecting and redacting of the 
sacred hooks of former times. 
synagoguish (sin'a-gog-ish), a. [< synagogue + 
-i.s/i 1 .] Belonging to conventicles; fanatical. 
[Bare.] 
How comes (T fain would know) th' abuses, 
The Jarring late between the houses, 
But by your party gytutgoyuith. 
Not half so politiquc as roguish? 
D'Ur/ey, Colin's Walk, I. (Damei.) 
synalephe, synaloephe (sin-a-le'fe), n. [= F. 
ni/iialrjilie, < L. syiialaiphe, < Or. oiva?Mti$, the 
contraction of two syllables into one, < awa'ui- 
<t>ttv, smear together, smooth over, unite, < aim, 
together, + attijetv, anoint.] The blending of 
two successive vowels so as to unite them in 
one syllable, as by syneresis, synizesig, crasis, 
so-called elision, or a combination of these; 
especially, the obscuration or suppression of a 
final vowel-sound (vowel or diphthong) before 
an initial vowel-sound, as in th' enemy for the 
enemy. Usually, as In the Instance just given, the final 
vowel is only obscured, not suppressed, being audible. 
When the final vuwel Is entirely suppressed, as in French 
f a mi for le ami, there is no longer a true blending or syna- 
lephe, but the term has been extended to include such 
cases. What Is commonly called elision is usually syna- 
lephe or blending, not ectnltpsls or suppression. 
I have named the flj/ruz/rpAa, which is the cutting off 
one vowel immediately before another. 
Dryden, Third Miscellany, Ded. 
synalgia (si-tml'ji-a), n. [NL., < Gr. al-v, with, 
together, + a^of,"pain.] Sympathetic or as- 
sociated pain. 
synallagmatic (sin'a-lag-mat'ik), a. [= F. 
xynallayiiintiiiue, < Gr. awa}.%ay[iaTtK6s, of or per- 
taining to a covenant, < trw&haypa, a cove- 
nant, contract, < awaM.Aooeiv, interchange, asso- 
ciate with, exchange dealings with, < aw, toge- 
ther, + alMooetv, change, alter, < &2>of, other.] 
In ciril late, imposing reciprocal obligations. 
The other Communes will enter the confederation by a 
nyaaHagmatie treaty. Pall Matt Gazette. (Imp. Diet.) 
Synallaxinae (sin'a-lak-si'ne), n. pi. [NL., < 
Nynallajris + -'.] A subfamily of Dendroco- 
laptidx (or A nabatidap), represented by the large 
genus fynalluxis and about 18 other lesser gen- 
era, of the Neotropical region, where they re- 
place to some extent the true creepers of other 
regions. The tail is fitted for climbing and scrambling 
about in trees and bushes, as in the creepers, and the feet 
are strongly prehensile, with large curved claws. They 
are small birds (a few Inches long), but build huge coarse 
nests, sometimes 2 or 3 feet in diameter, or as large as a 
barrel, of sticks and twigs loosely thrown together, in the 
recesses of which the eggs are laid upon a nest proper of 
soft substances. There Is great uniformity in the eggs, 
which are of a white or pale-blnlsh color. The subfamily 
is also called Anabatitue. 
synallaxine (sin-a-lak'sin), a. [< Syiuillaxu 
+ -/we 1 .] Pertaining or related to the genus 
Nyiuillaj-is: belonging to the Syiinlliijrin;r. 
Synallaxis (sin-a-lak'sis), n. [NL. (Vieillot, 
1818), also Nynalaxis of various authors; < Gr. 
m'vdUafif, exchange, < avm/.).aooetv. exchange 
dealings with : see sytiHlliiamatic.'] The typical 
and most extensive genus of Syiinlliu-iiia', con- 
taining about 50 species of Neotropical birds, 
ranging from southern Mexico to Patagonia, 
and especially numerous in tropical South 
America . In their habits, no less than In their general 
appearance, they closely resemble the true creepers of the 
synapte 
which relates particularly to tin- natural c 
t'"iu/"i-if;i Xii/miitl" 
SjmantheroUS (si-nan'ther-us), . [< Gr. rir, 
together, + NL. iintlnin. anther. + -nun.} In 
lint., having the stamens coalescent by their 
anthers, as in the I'IHH/HIXI/H-. 
/< 
though they belong to a differ. 
tin of Brazil Is a characteristic 
osclne series of 
ent suborder. S. 
examnlr. 
synaloephe, . See syimlejihe. 
Synamoeba (sin-a-me'bii). u. [NL., < Gr. air, 
with, + NL. ameelni, q. v.] 1. A hypothetical 
genus of animals, the supposed parent form or 
common ancestor of certain aggregated amoe- 
ba?. Its nearest actual representative is said to be faby- 
rinthttla, a protozoan consisting of a mass of similar one- 
celled animals having the form-value of a morula. 
2. [1. c. ; pi. yite6(-be).] A community 
of amoebiform structures constituting a single 
animal or person. 
synamur, n. In her., same as murrey. 
Synancia (si-nan 'si-ft), a. [NL. (Bloch and 
Schneider, 1801, in tfie form Synanceia), < Gr. 
oivafxoft rrvv &')'X'l> kind of sore throat: see 
/Hi us//. \ A genus of fishes armed with spines 
Syttattcia vtmtcosa. 
connected with a system of poison-glands, typ- 
ical of the family Synanciidte, as S. rerrutosa. 
Synanciidse (sin-an-si'i-de), w. pi. [NL., < Sy- 
ini HI-HI + -idee.'] A family of aeanthopterygian 
fishes, exemplified by the genus Synancia, and 
related to the scorpwnoids. The donal consist* of a 
long spinous and short soft part ; the thoracic ventrals are 
well developed, with one spine and four or five rays ; the 
head is broad, and depressed or subquadratc, with promi- 
nent orbits ; the branchial apertures are separated by a 
wide Isthmus ; the trunk is antrorsiform, and thevertebrw 
comprise ten abdominals and fourteen to seventeen cau- 
dals. The family includes a few fishes of the tropical 
Pacific, some of which have poison-glands discharging 
through opercular or dorsal spines. Also Synanceidx. 
synancioid (si-nan'si-oid), a. and n. [< Synan- 
cia + -old.'] I. n. Pertaining to the Synanci- 
rf, or having their characters. 
II. w. A fish of the family Synanciidte. 
synange (sin'anj), . [< NL. synangium, q. v.] 
Same as synangium, 2. 
synangial (si-nan'ji-al), o. [< synanai(um) + 
-at.] Of or pertaining to a synangium. 
Synangium (si-nan'ji-um), n.; pi. gynangia (-ft). 
TNL., < Gr. aiv, with, + ayytlav, a vessel.] 1. 
A collective blood-vessel, or a common trunk 
whence several arteries branch : specifically ap- 
plied to the terminal portion of the truncus 
arteriosus of lower vertebrates, in higher verte- 
brates such an arterial trunk Is called an oxu. examples 
of which in man are the celiac and thyroid axes. 
2. In bot., the peculiar boat-shaped sorus of 
certain ferns of the order Marattiacese. Also 
xi/iiiint/c. 
Synanthereae (sin-an-the're-e), . pi. [NL. 
(Bichard, 1801), in allusion to the united an- 
thers; < Gr. aiv, together, + NL. anthera, an- 
ther.] An order of plants : same as Compoxitie. 
synantherological (si-nan'the-rp-loj'i-kal), a. 
[< synantherolog-y + -ic-al.] In oof., of or per- 
taining to the Conipoxitie (Kyiiaiitltcrese). 
synantherologist (si-nnn-the-roro-jist), . [< 
*!/ HII ntherolog-y + -i/.] In Sof., a writer upon 
the Ctiinpotittf (tii/nitittlierete), or one especially 
skilled in their arrangement and determination. 
Jour, of Bot., X. 150. (Encyc. l>ict.) 
synantherology (si-nan-the-rol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. 
aiv, with, + NIj. antlieni, anther, 4- Gr. -%ayia, < 
/.t; fir, speak: see -olotfy.] That part of botany 
. 
synanthesis (siu-an-the'siH), H. [NL., < Gr. aiv, 
with, + &vth/aif, the full bloom of a flower: sec 
iniilii-Hia.'] In 6o<., simultaneous ant hesis: the 
synchronous maturity of tin? anthers and sti^r- 
man of a flower; synacuiy. 
synanthoUS (si-nan'thus), it. [< Or. aiv, with, 
+ <5i<tof, a flower, + -o.] In hot., having 
flowers and leaves which appear at the same 
time; also, exhibiting synanthy. 
synanthy (si-nan'thi), . [< nynanth-oun + -j 3 .] 
In hot., the more or less complete union of sev- 
eral flowers that are usually distinct. 
synaphe (sin'a-fe), M. [< Gr. owa+f/, connec- 
tion, union. < owairTeiv, join together, connect, 
< aim, together, + airretv, join.] In anr. (!r. mu- 
sic, of two tetrachords, the state of being con- 
junct. 
synaphea (sin-a-fe'a), w. [< LL. *y>iaplti<i, < ( ir. 
awoQeui, continuity, connection, < owaffa, con- 
tinuous, connected, < aivairrctv, join together : 
see synapke.] In one. pros. : (a) The metrical 
continuity which regularly exists between the 
successive cola of the same period. Periods In 
which this continuity Is Interrupted are aald to be atynar- 
Irte. Synaphea is observed In a system also, If it consists 
of only one period. (6) Elision or synalephe, at the 
end of a line or period, of the final vowel of a 
dactylic hexameter before the initial vowel of 
the next; episvnalephe. Also synapheia. 
synaphipod (si-naf i-pod), . [Irreg., < Gr. 
avvaifw, connected, + iroif (irorf-) = E. foot.} In 
I'r iixliin a. the appendage of the mandible usu- 
ally called palp. C. Spence Bate, Challenger 
Report on Crustacea macrura, Zodl. (1888), 
XXIV. v. 
Synaphobranchidae (sin'a-fo-brang'ki-<le). H. 
fl. [NL., < Synaphobrancnm + -idi.] A fam- 
ily of apodal fishes, exemplified by the genus 
Synaphobranchun, including enchelycephalous 
fishes with the branchial apertures contiguous 
or united, the branchiostegal rays abbreviated, 
and the mouth deeply cleft. They are deep- 
sea forms, of 2 genera with 6 or 7 species, re- 
sembling eels. 
Synaphobranchina (sin'a-fo-brang-ki'nii), . 
pi. [NL., < NynaphobriincJtus + -i2.] In Giin- 
ther"s system of classification, a group of eels, 
the Synanlwbratictiidee. 
synaphobranchoid (sin'a-fo-brang'koid), . 
and n. I, a. Of or pertaining to the Syitaplm- 
brancliidae. 
II. H. A member of the Synaphobriiiichidse. 
Synaphobranchus (sin'a-fo-brang'kus), n. 
[NL. (Johnson. 1862), < Gr. owatf/t, connected 
(< mmrmn, connect: see itynaphe), + (ip6)xta, 
gills.] The typical genus of synaphobranchoid 
SynafhobraHckus finnatm. 
eels. 5. pinnatu* (formerly & kaupi. also Murtrtut pin- 
until of (ironovlns)is common in deep waters (200 to 300 
fathoms) from Madeira to Newfoundland. 
Synapta (si-nap' t), . [NL. (Eschscholtz, 
1829), < Gr. awairrdf, joined together, < aivair- 
Tttv, join together: see itynaphe.] 1. The typical 
genus of Synaptidfe. These animals resemble worms, 
and are of such delicacy of structure as to be almost trans- 
parent. The long thin cylindrical body ii constricted here 
and there, and the head is surrounded with a fringe of 
tentacles. The calcareous concretions of the Integument 
which form a hard shell or test in most echlnoderms are 
here reduced to certain flat perforated plates here and 
there, to which auchorate hooks or anchor-shaped splcules 
are attached, forming very characteristic structures. (See 
cuts at auroral, Hotothvrioidea, and Synaptidir.) There 
are several species. S. diyitata Is British. S. yirardi Is 
common on the Atlantic coast of the t'nited States, liv- 
ing in the sand at about low-water mark. They are very 
fragile, and readily break to pieces If disturbed or put 
where they are uncomfortable. 
2. [/. <.] A member of this genus. 
synaptase (si-nap'tas), . [< Gr. a\i-airr6f, 
joined together, continuous (see SyHapla), + 
-ae.] In them., same as i-niulsiii. 
synapte (si-nap'te), .; pi. synaptai (-tl). [< 
Or. aivairrr/, sc. ntf, fern, of aiva-nrof, joined to- 
gether: see Synapta.] In the (ir. Ch.. a litany. 
The great tynaptr is the deacon's litany (diaconlc*) or 
irenica at the beginning of the liturgy ; the little tynaptc 
