syndicate 
Aristotle, . . . who . . . vmlertiM'ke to i-ensurr ami *.'/- 
dicate both Ills master ami all oilier law. makers IM i..i> 
him, SHW dean i. llii/.i'ii-ill, Apology, IV. i! 
syndicate-' (si n 'di-kat), . [=K. xyinliciit = Hp. 
stiitliriiilu = H.xi>nlirnto,<. ^il\i..iyniliciilun,n syn- 
dicate. :iii rxaminationof public morals, < LL. 
xiltiitiriix, :( syndic: sic ./'"/"' and -/<'*.] 1. A 
council or body of syndics; t he office, state, or 
jurisdiction of a syndic. 
rh>' management of the t'nlverslty Press is committed 
to H tuiulirtii? cunslHtiiiK "f the Vic'c-rhuncellor and fif- 
teen other meniberaof the Senate elected by Grace, three 
of horn retire liy rotation every year. 
Camlmdye University Calendar, 1889, p. 465. 
2. An association of persons or corporations 
formed with the view of promoting some par- 
ticular enterprise, discharging some trust, or 
the like; a combination. 
The movement of a small company or syndicate will not 
In inx profits to the originators. Contemporary Rea., L. 85. 
In the panic of 1806 the price of the shares In many 
banks WHS artificially raised ny the unscrupulous c!ii|ucti 
or syndicates, the funds for the purpose being In some 
cases supplied by the directors themselves. 
XiMteenth Century, XXVI. 862. 
These syndicates were originally combinations of news- 
paper publishers for the purchase anil simultaneous pub- 
lication In different parts of the country of stories written 
by the most popular authors. 
Westminster Rn., CXXVIII. 859. 
syndicate- (sin'di kat), r. [< syndicate'*, .] 
1. To unite in a syndicate; associate: as, gyn- 
ilii-ated capitalists. [Recent.] 
It has been decreed at a full meeting of the several syn- 
dicated groups of mills to raise the list price M 2.50 from 
the turn of next quarter. The Engineer, LXVII. 174. 
2. To effect by means of a syndicate, as a sale 
of property. [Recent.] 
This Investment was suggested and stimulated by the 
organization of a corporation which syndicated the sale of 
the . . . ale and stout breweries. 
Sit. Amer., N. S., LXII. 88. 
syndication (sin-di-ka'shon), H. [= Pg. syndi- 
caCfSo; as syndicate'* + -ton.] The act or pro- 
cess of forming a syndicate; combination. 
[Recent.] 
"Thou shall not steal " may be yet forty centuriea ahead 
of the age of syndication, hypothecation, and stock-water- 
ing. Christian Union, June 9, 1887. 
syndicator (sin'di-ka-tor), M. One who syndi- 
cates, or effects sales. [Recent.] 
syndoc, . Seeitoc. 
syndrome (sin'dro-me), . [NL., < Gr. awfpopii, 
a tumultuous concourse, a concurrence, < aim, 
together, + SpaiKiv, run (> rfpouof, a course, run- 
ning).] 1. Concurrence. [Rare.] 
For, all things being linkt together by an uninterrupted 
chain of causes, and every single motion owning a depen- 
dence on such a syndrome of prae-required motors, we can 
have no true knowledge of any except we comprehended 
all, and could distinctly pry into the whole method o( 
casual concatenations. 
QlanviUe, Vanity of Dogmatizing, xxii. 
2. In med., the concourse or combination of 
symptoms in a disease; a symptom-complex; 
a symptom-group. Compare prodrome, 2. 
syndyasmian (sm-di-as'mi-an), a. [< Gr. fffi 1 - 
ovaapAc, coupling, copulation, < aiv, together, + 
dva&tv, couple, < cJi'o, two: see dyad."] Noting 
the pairing of animals or their paired state; 
nuptial ; gamic ; pertaining to the sexual rela- 
tion. 
The Syndyasmian or Fairing Family. It was founded 
upon marriage between single pairs, but without an ex- 
clusive cohabitation. /.. Morgan, Ancient Society, p. 384. 
syne (sin), ade. and conj. The Scotch spelling 
of #iiie'. Auld lang syne, long ago; the days of long 
ago. See uulil and lanymjne. Soon or syne, sooner or 
later. 
synecdoche (si-nek'do-ke), n. [= F. synecdoche, 
synecdoque = Sp. sinecdoque, sinedoque = Pg. sy- 
necdoche = It. sineddoche, < L. synecdoche, <. Gr. 
owcitiox//, an understanding one with another, 
the putt ing of the whole for a part, etc. ,< ow<Ji - 
XeoVat, join in receiving, < aiv, together, + cide- 
XeaOat, take from, accept, receive,< in, out, + cJr- 
xeaOai, take, accept.] In rhct., a figure or trope 
by which the whole of a thing is put for a part, 
or a part for the whole, as the genus for the spe- 
cies, or the species for the genus, etc.: as, for 
example, a fleet of ten sail (forAi;i) ; a master 
employing new handy (for workmen). Compare 
metoiii/ini/. 
Then agalne if we vse such a word (as many times we 
doe) by which we driue the hearer to conceiue more or 
lease or beyond or otherwise then the letter expresseth, 
and it be not by vertue of the former figures Metephore 
and Abase and the rest, the Greeks then call it Synecdoche. 
Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Voesie, p. 154. 
synecdochical (sin-ek-dok'i-kal), a. [< 'xynec- 
doi-hif (< Gr. awf/coo^iKOf, implying a synec- 
doche, < o-inr /><Jo x'l. synecdoche: see synecdoche) 
Synetherinae 
+ -nl.] Of the nature of or rxpivj.-i.il l,y s\ nec- 
dorlic; implying a synecdoche. iH'tiyton. 
synecdochically (sin-ek-dok'i-kal-i >. ndr. Ac- 
cording to tlir synrcdochical mo.le ot 'speaking; 
by synecdoche. /(//. I'xinunt. 
Hrost I take to mean roof, yet bare oscd tyuecdockiraUy 
for house, palace, lust as Lat. tecturo. 
Amer. Jour. rM., VII. S8. 
synechia tsin-c-ki'ii), . [NL., < Gr. <nri>/. 
continuity, < emtfuv, hold together, confinr. < 
aim, together, + tx eiv - have, hold.] Morbid 
union of parts specifically of the iris to the 
cornea (anterior xynechin) or to the anterior sur- 
face of the capsule of the lens (posterior syne- 
* In" '. Circular or annular synechia. Same a> ex- 
elusiun n.f the pupil (which see, under exdutim). FMU- 
vant'B operation for synechia. See operation. 
synechiology (si-uek-i-ol'9-ji), . [< <!r. ai-vi- 
^f/a, continuitv, + -/.oji'a, < ftftiv, speak: see 
-uliii/i/. ] 1. The doctrine of the connection of 
things by efficient and final causation. 2. 
The theory of continuity. 
Also synecholoyy. 
syneciOUS, <> See synoecioiu. 
synecpbonesis (si-nek-fo-ne'sis), n. [< Gr. av- 
I'eacjuvT/air, an uttering together, < aintuQiwriv, 
call out or utter together, < aiv, together, + - 
Quvciv, call out, < , out, + Quvrii; produce or 
emit a sound, < <t*jv>/, sound, voice.] In ijram., 
a contraction of two syllables into one: sy- 
neresis. 
synectic (si-nek'tik), a. [ < LL. nynecticus, < Gr. 
<nvtKTtK6f, holding together, efficient, < awexfiv, 
hold together: see synechia.') 1. Bringing dif- 
ferent things into real connection. 2. In the 
theory of functions, continuous, monogenetic, 
and mount ropic within a certain region. 
A function of a complex variable which Is continuous, 
one-valued, and has a derived function when the variable 
moves in a certain region of the plane is called by Cauchy 
synectic In this region. Encyc. Brit., XXIV. 72. 
Synectic cause, see came, i. Synectic function, a 
continuous, finite, and uniform function, 
synecticity (sin-ek-tis'i-ti), w. [< xynectic + 
-ity.~\ The character oif being synectic. 
synedral (si-ne'dral), n. [< xynedr-ous + -at.") 
In hot., growing on the angle of a stem, as leaves 
or other parts, 
synedrlal (si-ned'ri-al), a. [<synedri-Hi + -al.] 
Of or pertaining to a synedrium. 
The respect In which the synedrial president was held 
rapidly increased. Encyc. Brit., XIII. 428. 
synedrion, synedrium (si-ned'ri-on, -urn), .; 
pi. syncdria (-a). [NL.,< Gr. awtiptov, an assem- 
bly, < aivfipof, sitting together: see synedrous. 
Hence the Heb. form represented by sanhe- 
drim.'] An assembly, especially a judicial or 
representative assembly ; a sanhedrim. 
Alaa ! how unworthy, how Incapable am I to censure 
the proceedings of that great senate, that high synedrion, 
wherein the wisdom of the whole state is epitomised? 
IlmceU, Vindication of Himself, 1877 (Harl. Misc., VI. 
1128). (Dories.) 
The common assertion Indeed that the synedrium was 
at that time practically composed of scribes Is inconsis- 
tent with the known facts of the case ; the siinedrium at 
that time was a political and not a scholastic authority. 
Encyc. Brit., XIII. 424. 
synedrous (si-ne'drus), a. [< Gr. avvdpof, sit- 
ting together, < aiv, together, + eipa, seat : see 
synedral.] In hot., same as synedral. 
synema (si-ue'mft), n.; pi. synemata (-ma-ta). 
[For "synnema ; "< Gr. avv, with, together, + 
vfjfia, a thread.] In hot., the column of com- 
bined filaments in a mouadelphous flower, as 
in the common mallow. 
synentognath (si-nen'tog-nath), w. A fish of 
the suborder St/nentognhthi. 
Synentognathl (sin-en-tog' na-thi), n. pi. [NL., 
<Gr. (jiv, together, + m-of, within, 4- jraSof,jaw.] 
A suborder of teleocephalous or physoclistous 
fishes with the branchial arches well developed, 
the third and fourth superior pharyngeals much 
enlarged, and the inferior pharyngeals coossi- 
fied. It includes the families Scomberesocida 
(or Exoccetidsi) and Belonidte. 
synentognathous (sin-en-tog'na-thus), a. Per- 
taining to the Synentognathi, or having their 
characters. 
syneresis, synaeresls (si-ner'e-sis), H. [= F. 
synerrxe = Sp. sineresis = Pg. syneresis = It. sine- 
resi, < LL. synepresix, < Gr. awaipeaif, a taking or 
drawing together, syneresis, < mvatpetv, grasp 
or seize together, < aiv, together, + aipfiv, take, 
seize: see heresy.] In aram., the contraction 
of two syllables or two vowels into one: es- 
pecially, contraction of two vowels so as to 
form a diphthong, as ne'er for iiever, Atreides for 
Atreides. 
coiipi-ratii ; ; . eoiiprralr: -re xi/ni'i'i/i/. J 
Working to^rtlier: roilprraiiii";. Synergetic 
muscles, those muscles which - "II. riivdv snliserve a 
n rtiiin kind uf nu'vi-nirnt-- for example, Mi-x<>r muscles 
..I ili< t< L- i In- muscles of the cull 
synergida i si-ner'ji-dji j, . : pi. ifntrgldm (-de). 
| NL., < ir. nii-iii] i,i. working together. + -i'ln.\ 
In linl.. either of the two cells situated at the 
apex of the embryo-sa<', and forming, with the 
pdsphere, the so-called egg-apparatus : usually 
in the plural. 
A unlnucleate cell without oosphere, utineryidm, at an 
lilwdal vesicle. Nature, XLII. 166. 
synergidal (si-ner'ji-dal). a. [< synerqida + 
-ill.] In bot., of the nature of, resembling, or 
belonging to synergida?. 
Synergism (sin'er-ji/.in), . [< xynery-y + -ism. j 
In lh' nl., the doctrine t hat there are two efficient 
agents in regeneration, namely the human will 
and the divim- Spirit, which, in the strict sense 
of the term, cooperate. This theory accordingly 
holds that the soul wu not lost In the fall all Inclination 
toward holiness, nor all power to seek for It under the 
influence of ordinary motives. 
synergist (sin'er-jist), 11. and . [= F. nymr- 
iji.-ili ; < xynerg-y + -ist.] I. >i. In tlicol., one 
who hold.- to the doctrine of synergism: spe- 
cifically used to designate one of a party in the 
Lutheran Church, in the sixteenth centuty, 
which held this doctrine. 
Melanchthon . . . was suspected [of having introduced) 
a doctrine said to be nearly similar to that called geml- 
PelaKian, according to which grace communicated to 
adult persons so as to draw them to God required a cor* 
responding action of their own freewill In order to be- 
come effectual. Those who held this tenet were called 
syncryiftt. Hallatn, Introd. to Literature of Europe, II. 2. 
II. a. Synergistic. 
The problem took a new form In the Syncryist contro- 
versy, which discussed the nature of the first Impulse In 
conversion. Encyc. Brit., XV. 8f>. 
synergistic (sin-er-jis'tik), a. [< synenjixt + 
-ir.] 1. Of or relating to synergism; of the 
nature of synergism : as, the eynergixtic contro- 
versy (a controversy in the Lutheran Church, in 
the sixteenth century, regarding synergism). 
They seem to be logically cognate rather with various 
syneryistic types of belief. KHiutheca Sacra, X I. V. iv,. 
2. Working together; cooperating. 
synergistical (sin-er-jis'ti-kal), a. [< synergis- 
tic + -<il.] Synergistic. 
Synergus (si-ner'gus), n. [NL. (Hartig, 1840), < 
Gr. owep'j 6f, working together : see synergy.'] A 
notable genus of hymenopterous insects, of the 
cynipidous subfamily Inquilinte, the species of 
which are guests or commensals in the galls of 
true gall-makers of the same family. The parap- 
sidal grooves of the thorax converge behind ; the second 
abdominal segment occupies the whole surface of the ab- 
domen ; the female antennae have fourteen, the male fifteen 
joints. Twelve species are known In the United States. 
synergy (sin'er-ji), . ; pi. synergies (-iiz). [< 
Gr. owepyia, joint work, assistance, help, < aw- 
tpryclv, work together, < awepjdf, working to- 
gether, < aiv, together, + "tp-yeiv, work: see 
icork. Cf. energy.} A correlation or concourse 
of action between different organs. 
Actions are the energies of organs, and the tyneryiet 
of groups of organs. 
O. B. Levts, Proba, of Ll.'e and Mind, I. IL | SO. 
synesis (sin'e-sis), n. [NL., < Gr. <7t'w<j<f, un- 
derstanding, intelligence, knowledge, also a 
coming together, union, < avvifvai (ind. aiviitfii), 
understand, perceive, put together, < aiv, to- 
gether, + itvai, send, let go. The derivation 
given by Plato, < awtevai (ind. oi-vetju), go or 
come together, < aiv, together, + itvai (ind. 
tlui), go, is erroneous.] In gram, and rhet., 
construction according to the sense, in viola- 
tion of strict syntax. 
synesthesia, . See synirxthesia. 
synett, synettet, n. In her., a cygnet: an old 
term, in the plural, for several small or young 
swans charged together upon a scutcheon or 
bearing. 
synethere (sin'e-ther), i. [= F. synethere, < 
NL. Synetheres, q. v.] A species of the genus 
Synetheres; a coendoo. 
Synetheres (si-neth'e-rez), n. [NL. (Fre\l. Cu- 
vier, 1822; really F. pi., ttynetheres); etym.notap- 
parent.] The typical genus of Sy nether ins. it in- 
cludes Neotropical arboreal prehensile-tailed porcupines, 
closely related to Sphingvrus. but differing in the broad 
and highly arched frontal region, and the greater develop 
ment of spines. The name was proposed by F. Cuvier in 
1822, when hedivlded the American porcupines into t'rethi- 
ton, Synetheres, and Sphinmtnts. Ccrcotaocs is a synonym. 
SynetherinaB (si-neth-e-ri'ne), n. pi. [NL., < 
Synttherex + -in.~] A subfamily of Hyxtricidte, 
typified by the genus Synttkeret, having the 
