synonymical 
synonymical (sin-o-nim'i-kal). (i. [< xyiioiiyiiiic 
+ -/.] Synonymic. 
synonymicon (sin-o-nim'i-kon), it. [< Gr. as if 
"awuwfitKoi', jieut. of *avi>uvv/un6<;, an assumed 
original of synonymic: see si/noiiyuiie.'] A dic- 
tionary of synonymous words. Jf. Taylor. 
[Rare.] 
synonymies (sin-9-nim'iks), M. [PI. of syno- 
nymic (see -ics).~\ ' Same as si/inniymy. 
synonymise, r. i. See synonymize. 
synonymist (si-non'i-rnist), n. [< synonym + 
-ist.] One who collects and explains synonyms ; 
specifically, in nat. Mat., one who collects the 
different names or synonyms of animals or 
plants. 
synonymity (sin-o-nim'i-ti), M. [< synonym + 
-//;/.] The state of being synonymous; sy- 
nonymy. 
To found any harmonic theories on the synonymity of 
tones in any temperament, when there is known to be no 
synonymity in nature, and when the artificial synonymity 
thus engendered varies from temperament to tempera- 
ment, is only comparable to deducing geometrical conclu- 
sions from the mere practical construction of figures. 
Ellis, in Helmholtz's Sensations of Tone, App., p. 660. 
synonymize (si-non'i-miz), r. t.; pret. and pp. 
synonymized, ppr. synonymizina. [< synonym 
+ -!.] To express by words of the same 
meaning; express the meaning of by an equiva- 
lent in the same or another language. Also 
spelled synonymise. 
This word "fortis" wee may synonimize after all these 
fashions : stout, hardy, valiant, doughty, couragious, ad- 
uentrous, brave, bold, daring, intrepid. 
Camden, Remains, p. 42. 
Synonymous (si-non'i-mus), a. [< Gr. aww 
having the same name or meaning: see syno- 
nym."] Having the character of a synonym ; ex- 
pressing the same idea ; equivalent in meaning. 
You are to banish out of your discourses all synony- 
mous terms, and unnecessary multiplications of verbs and 
nouns. Addiion, Tatler, No. 253. 
Instead of regarding the practice of parsimony as low 
or vicious, [the Romans] made it synonymous even with 
probity. Goldsmith, The Bee, No. 5. 
Synonymous relates. See heteronymous relates, under 
heteronymous, 
synonymously (si-non'i-mus-li), adv. In a 
synonymous manner ; in the same sense ; with 
the same meaning. Imp. Diet. 
synonymy (si-non'i-mi), n.; pi. synonymies 
(-miz). [< T. synonymie = Sp. sinonimia = Pg. 
synonimia = It. sinonimia, < L. synonym ia, < Gr. 
awuwfiia, likeness of name or meaning, a syn- 
onym, < <Tw<jjn>|Uof, having like name or mean- 
ing: see synonym.'] 1. The quality of being 
synonymous, or of expressing the same mean- 
ing by different words. Imp. Diet. 2. Inrhet., 
a figure by which words of the same meaning 
are used to amplify a discourse. 3f. A tiling 
of the same name. 
We having three rivers of note synonymies with her. 
Selden, Illustrations of Drayton's Polyolbion, ii. 
4. A system of synonyms ; a collection of syn- 
onyms ; also, the study of synonyms ; the use 
of synonyms in expressing different shades of 
meaning ; the discrimination of synonyms ; es- 
pecially, in nat. hist., the sifting of synonyms 
to determine the onyms. In botany and zoology 
the synonymy of a species of plant or animal, in the con- 
crete, is a list of the several different names which hare 
been applied to it by its various describers or classifiers, 
implying on the synonymist's part the discrimination not 
only of the synonyms of the species, but of the homonyms 
of related species, for the especial purpose of determining 
the onym of each species. Thus, Falco fuscus and Falco 
obacurus may be synonyms of one and the same species of 
falcon, yet Falco fuscus may be a homonym of two differ- 
ent species of falcon, and it may be that neither name is 
the onym of either of these species. Synonymy In natu- 
ral history has become of late years so extensive and so 
intricate that probably no naturalist has mastered the 
subject beyond the line of some one narrow specialty. 
Synonymatic lists for single species extending over several 
pages of an ordinary book are of no infrequent occurrence. 
See synonym, 3. 
The inconveniences arising from the want of a good 
Nomenclature were long felt in Botany, and are still felt 
in Mineralogy. The attempts to remedy them by Synony- 
mies are very ineffective, for such comparisons of syno- 
nymes do not supply a systematic nomenclature. 
Whewell, Fhilos. of Inductive Sciences, I. p. Ixxv. 
synophthalmia (sin-of-thal'mi-a), . [< GI. 
a'vv, together, + o^ftz/.^of, eye. ] lu'teratol., same 
as eyclopia. Also synophthalmus. 
synophyty (si-nof 'i-ti), n. In bot., the cohesion 
of several embryos. Cooke. 
synopsis (si-nop'sis), n. ; pi. synopses (-sez). [= 
' LL. 
view of some subject ; a compendium of heads 
or short paragraphs so arranged as to afford u 
view of the whole or of principal parts of a mat- 
ter under consideration; a conspectus. 
That the reader may see in one view the exactness of the 
method, as well as the force of argument, I shall here 
draw up a short synopsis of this epistle. 
Warlmrton, On Pope's Essay on Man. 
I am now upon a methodical Synopsis of all British Ani- 
mals excepting Insects, and it will be a general Synops. of 
Quadrupeds. Kay, in Ellis's Lit. Letters, p. 199. 
2. In the Gr. Cli., a prayer-book for the use of 
the laity, of the same character as that described 
under anthology, 3.=Syn.l. Compendium, Abstract, 
etc. See abridgment. 
synoptic (si-uop'tik), a. and n. [= F. synop- 
tique = Sp. sinoptico = Pg. synoptico = It. slnot- 
tico, < NL. synopticus, < Gr. awonriKOf, seeing the 
whole together or at a glance, < auvmfjis, a gen- 
eral view, synopsis : see synopsis."] I. a. Afford- 
ing a synopsis or general view of the whole or 
of the principal parts of a subject : as, a synop- 
tic table; a synoptic history Synoptic chart, in 
meteor., a map showing the temperature, pressure, wind, 
weather, and other meteorological elements over an ex- 
tensive region, compiled from simultaneous observations 
at a large number of stations. The pressure is represented 
by isobars, the temperature by isotherms, the wind by 
aiTows, and the cloudiness and weather by differently 
shaded circles or other conventional symbols. Synoptic 
gospels. See gospel, 2. 
II. n. One of the synoptic gospels; also, 
one of the writers of the synoptic gospels; a 
synoptist. 
Yet the Tubingen professors and our Liberal newspapers 
must surely have something to go upon when they declare 
that the Jesus of the Fourth Gospel speaks quite differ- 
ently from the Jesus of the Synoptics, and propound their 
theory of the Gnostic philosopher inventing, with pro- 
foundly calculated art, his fancy Gospel. 
M. Arnold, God and the Bible, vi. 6. 
The real difference between John and the Synoptics, on 
this most decisive point, amounts to this : while these last 
have handed down to us but a single example of this form 
of language, John has preserved for us several examples 
selected with a particular purpose. 
Bibliatheca Sacra, XLV. 733. 
synoptical (si-nop'ti-kal), a. [< synoptic, + -al."} 
Same as synoptic Synoptical table, in nat. hist., a 
tabular synopsis of the leading, generally the most strik- 
ing or easily recognized, characters of any group in zool- 
ogy or botany, whereby the group is exhibited with a view 
to the ready identification of a given specimen, or ana- 
lyzed to illustrate the relationship of its several compo- 
nents to one another. Such tables often proceed upon 
the dichotomous plan of presenting in succession alter- 
natives of two (or more) characters, only one of which the 
specimen in hand should exhibit, as the "ovary inferior" 
and "ovary superior" in case of aplant; but the tabulation 
may be made in any way which best subserves the desired 
purpose in different cases. Some are natural analyses, 
others wholly artificial ; the former are the more impor- 
tant and really instructive, the latter the most convenient 
and immediately helpful. Some combine these incom- 
patible features as far as possible ; and all are constant- 
ly used in systematic treatises, manuals, and text-books. 
They are often called keys. 
synoptically (si-nop'ti-kal-i), adv. In a synop- 
tical manner; in such a manner as to present 
a general view in a short compass. 
I shall more synoptically here insert a catalogue of all 
dyeing materials. 
Sir W. Petty, in Sprat's Hist. Royal Soc., p. 295. 
synoptist (si-nop'tist), n. [< synopt-ic + -ist.~] 
One of the writers (Matthew, Mark, and Luke) 
of the synoptic gospels. 
The essential identity of the Christ of the Synoptisls is 
universally conceded. 
Scha/, Christ and Christianity, p. 32. 
synpelmous 
rafLtlv, cut.] The anatomy of the articulations; 
dissection of joints. 
synOStOSed (siu'os-tozd), . [< synostosis + 
-/-.] Joined in osseous continuity. Lancet, 
1889, I. 173. 
synostosis (sin-os-to'sis), n. [NL.: see synns- 
troxis.] Same as synosteonit. 
synostotic (sin-os-tot'ik), . [< synostosis (-ot-) 
+ -8C.] Pertaining to or characterized by syn- 
ostosis. 
SynqtUS (si-no'tus), n. [NL.,< Gr. aiv, together, 
-t- <wf (<Jr-), the ear.] 1. (Keyserling, 1840.) A 
genus of long-eared bats, of the family Vesper- 
tiliouidx. and subfamily Plecotinse, having the 
rim of the ear produced in front of the eye, the 
barbastellus). 
incisors four above and six below, the premo- 
lars two on each side of each jaw. The type 
is the barbastel of Europe, S. barbastellus. An- 
other species is S. darjelingensis. 2. [I. c.~\ A 
double monster having the body united above 
a common umbilicus, the head being incom- 
pletely double, with a face on one side and one 
or two ears on the other. . 
synovia (si-no' vi-a), n. [= F. synorie = Sp. si- 
noma, < NL. synoria (Paracelsus), < Gr. ai-v, to- 
gether, -f L. 0j>n,egg.] The lubricating liquid 
secreted by a synovial membrane: so called 
from resembling the white of an egg. It is a 
nearly colorless liquid containing nmcin. 
synovial (si-no'vi-al), a. [= F. synovial, < NL. 
gynovialis, q. v.] Of or pertaining to synovia; 
secreting synovia, as a membrane ; containing 
synovia, as a bursa Articular aynovlal mem- 
brane, a membrane lining the capsular ligament, and 
extending up on the borders (marginal zone) of the artic- 
ular cartilage, of any diarthrodial joint. Also called syno- 
vial capsule o/ joint. Bursal synovial membrane, the 
synovial lining to a bursa mucosa : it may also be regarded 
as including the bursa in its entire thickness. Also called 
vesicular synovial membrane. Synovial bursa, a bursa 
mucosa. See cut under hoof. Synovial capsule. See 
synovial membrane. Synovial cysts, cysts resulting 
from the distention or expansion of bursee and synovial 
sheaths of tendons. Synovial fluid. Same as synovia. 
Synovial folds, folds of synovial membrane projecting 
into the cavity of a Joint. Also called synovial fringes, and 
Ilavervian folds and fringes, and, when less free, synovial 
ligaments. Synovial frena, the folds of synovial mem- 
brane in the sheath of tendons, which stretch from the 
outer surface of the tendon to the inner surface of the 
sheath. Synovial glands, fringed vascular folds to be 
found in all synovial membranes : regarded by Clopton 
Havers as the apparatus for secreting synovia. Also called 
glands of Havers and Havers's mucilaginous glands. Sy- 
novial hernia, a protrusion of the synovial membrane 
through the fibrous capsule of a joint. Synovial liga- 
ments, ligament-like synovial folds. Synovial mem- 
brane. See membrane. Synovial rheumatism, rheu- 
matic synovitis. Synovial sheath, a vaginal synovial 
membrane. Synovial vllli, the small non-vascular pro- 
cesses forming the secondary synovial fringes. Vaginal 
synovial membrane, the synovial membrane lining the 
sheath of a tendon (or it may be taken as including the 
sheath in its entire thickness). Also called synovial sheath. 
Vesicular synovial membrane. Same as bursal sy- 
membrane. 
synoptistic (sin-op-tis'tik), a. [< synoptist + 
-j'c.] Of or pertaining to the synoptists or the Synovialis (si-no-vi-a'lis), n.; pi. synoviales 
synoptic gospels; synoptic; synoptical. (-lez). [NL., < synovia, q. v.] A synovial mem- 
The author of the fourth gospel, writing at a much later " rano ; 
date, habitually speaks of "the Jews" as an alien race, synovially (si-no vi-al-i), aav. By means or 
quite separated from the Christians ; but this is not in the with the concurrence of a synovial membrane ; 
manner of the synoptistic tradition. Encyc. Brit., X. 805. as a freely movable joint. W. H. Flower, Os- 
teology, p. 135. 
synoviparous (sin-o-vip'a-rus), a. [< NL. sy- 
novia + L. parere, produce.] Producing or se- 
creting synovia ; synovial, as a membrane. 
Synoviparous crypts', small follicle-like extensions of 
the synovial membranes which occasionally perforate the 
capsule of the joints, and sometimes become shut off from 
the main sac. 
synovitis (sin-o-vi'tis), . [NL., < synoria + 
-itis.~] Inflammation of a synovial membrane. 
Synovitis hyperplastica, synovitis with hyperplasia 
of the synovial membrane, itsfolds and villi. Synovitis 
hyperplastica granulosa, tubercular synovitis. Syn- 
ovitis hyperplastica laevis. Same as synovitis hyper- 
plastica pannosa. Synovitis hyperplastica pannosa, 
synovitis in which the membrane grows up over the ar- 
ticular cartilage, so as to resemble pannus. Synovitis 
purulenta, synovitis with purulent effusion. SynOVi- 
tis serofibrinosa, a synovitis forming a seronbrinous 
exudate in the synovial cavity. 
synpelmous (siu-pel'mus), . Same as sympel- 
synosteography (si-nos-te-og'ra-fi), . [< Gr. 
ts'vv, together, + bareov, bone, 4- -ypaipia, < ypd- 
<l>iv, write.] Descriptive synosteology ; a de- 
scription of or treatise upon joints. 
synosteology (si-nos-te-ol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. avv, 
together, + bariov, bone, + -huyia, < teyeiv, 
speak: see -ology."} The science of the joints 
of the body, or the knowledge of the articula- 
tions of the bones ; arthrology. 
synosteosis (si-nos-te-6'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
aiv, together, + ooriov, bone, + -osis."] In anat., 
union by means of bone; the confluence or 
growing together of bones ; ankylosis ; coossi- 
fication. Also called synostosis. Dunalison. 
synosteotome (si-nos'tf-o-tom), . [< Gr. aiv, 
together, + OOTCOV, bone,'+ -ro,uof, < reuveiv, ra- 
fteiv, cut.] In surg., a dismembering-knife. 
Sp. sinopsis = Pg. synopsis = It. sinossi, < L 
synopsis, < Gr. abroQit, a general view (cf. awo- 
pav, fut. awoifisaBai, see the whole together, see 
at a glance), < aiv, together, + o^c, view.] 1. synosteotomy (si-nos-te-ot'6-mi), n. [< Gr. 
A summary or brief statement giving a general aiv, together, + barcov, b'one,'+ -Topia, < Tiftvetv, 
