syrup 
2. The unerystallizable fluid finally separated 
from crystallized sugar in the refining process, 
either by the draining of sugar in loaves, or by 
being forcibly ejected by the centrifugal appa- 
ratus in preparing moist sugar. This is the or- 
dinary or "golden syrup" of grocers; but in the sugar- 
manufacture the term syrup is applied to all strong sac- 
charine solutions which contain sugar in a condition capa- 
ble of being crystallized out, the ultimate uncrystallizahle 
fluid being distinguished as molasses or treacle. Com- 
pound syrup, in med. and phar., a name applied to 
many, though not to all, syrups containing two or more 
medicaments. Compound syrup of sarsaparilla, 
sarsaparilla 150 parts, guaiacum-wood 20 parts, pale rose 
12 parts, glycyrrhiza 12 parts, senna 12 parts, sassafras, 
anise and gaultheria each 6 parts, sugar 600 parts, and di- 
luted alcohol and water each to make 1,000 parts. Com- 
pound syrup Of squill, squill 120 parts, senega 120 parts, 
fartrate of antimony and potassium each 3 parts, sugar 
1 200 parts, precipitated calcium phosphate 9 parts, and 
diluted alcohol and water each to make 2,000 parts. It is 
emetic, diaphoretic, expectorant, and often cathartic. 
Dutch syrup. Sec Dutch. Green syrup, sugar crystal- 
lized, but unrefined. Maple syrup. See mapld. Sim- 
ple syrup, according to the United States Dispensatory, 
a solution of 65 parts by weight of pure sugar in 85 parts of 
distilled water. Syrup of aconite, a mixture of tincture 
of fresh aconite-root 1 part with syrup 9 parts. Syrup Of 
almond, sweet almond 10 parts, bitter almond 3 parts, 
sugar 50 parts, orange-flower water 5 parts, water to make 
100 parts. It is demulcent, nutrient, sedative. Also called 
syrup of orgeat. Syrup Of althsaa, althaja 4 parts, sugar 
60 parts, water to make 100 parts. It is demulcent. Syrup 
Of Citric acid, citric acid 8 parts, water 8 parts, spirit of 
lemon 4 parts, syrup 980 parts. Syrup of garlic, fresh 
garlic 15 parts, sugar 60 parts, dilute acetic acid 40 parts. It 
is a nervous stimulant. Syrup of gum arable, mucilage 
of acacia 25 parts, syrup 75 parts. Syrup of hydriodic 
acid.a syrupy liquid containing 1 per cent, of absolute hy- 
driodic acid. Syrup of hypophosphites, calcium hypo- 
phosphite 35 parts, sodium hypophosphite 12 parts, po- 
tassium hypophosphite 12 parts, spirit of lemon 2 parts, 
sugar 500 parts, water to make 1,000 parts. Syrup of 
ipecac, fluid extract of ipecac 5 parts, syrup 95 parts. It 
is emetic and expectorant Syrup of orange, sweet- 
orange peel 5 parts, alcohol 5 parts, precipitated calcium 
phosphate 1 part, sugar 60 parts, water to make 100 parts. 
Syrup of orgeat. Same as syrup of almond. Syrup 
Of rhubarb, rhubarb 90 parts, cinnamon 18 parts, potas- 
sium carbonate 6 parts, sugar 600 parts, water to make 
1,000 parts. It is cathartic. Syrup of squill, vinegar 
of squill 40 parts, sugar 60 parts, with water. It is expec- 
torantSyrup Of Wild cherry, wild-cherry bark pow- 
dered 12 parts, sugar 60 parts, glycerin 5 parts, water to 
make 100 parts. It is a basis for cough-mixtures. 
syrup, Sirup (sir'up), r. t. [< syrup, .] To 
sweeten with syrup ; cover or mix with a syrup. 
Yet where there haps a honey fall, 
We'll lick the syruped leaves ; 
And tell the bees that theirs is gall 
To this upon the greaves. 
Drayton, Quest of Cynthia. 
syrup-gage (sir'up-gaj), n. An apparatus, used 
with a bottling-machine, for supplying to each 
bottle a given quantity of syrup or other in- 
gredient. 
syrupy (sir'up-i), . [< nymj> + -//'.] Like 
syrup, or partaking of its qualities; especially, 
having the consistency of syrup. 
syrus (si'rus), if. An unidentified bird of India. 
The syrus, a lovely bird with a long neck, very common 
in the district, rises slowly from the fields as our vedettes 
close up to them. IF. H. Russell, Diary in India, II. 311. 
syset, " An obsolete spelling of si eel. 
syssarcosic (sis-*-ko'sik), a. [< syssarcosis + 
-ic.~\ Of or pertaining to syssarcosis. 
syssarcosis (sis-ar-ko'sis), . [NL., < Gr. ava- 
aapKuaii;, a condition of being overgrown with 
flesh, < avaaapKoiiaffa/ , be overgrown with flesh, 
< oi'f, together, + napKovv, make or produce 
flesh, < o-apf, flesh: see sarcosis.] In attat., 
fleshy connection; the connection of one bone 
with another by means of intervening muscle : 
correlated with synneurosis, syndesmosis, etc. 
The connections of the hyoid bone with the lower jaw- 
bone, breast-bone, and shoulder-blade respectively are 
syssarcosic in man. Also synsarcosis. 
syssiderite (sis'i-der-it), . [Cf. F. syssidcre 
(Daubre'e, 1867); < Gr. alt>, with, -I- alSr/pof, iron, 
+ -ite 2 .] One of the class of meteorites gen- 
erally called pallasitc. See meteorite. 
syssitia (si-sit'i-a), w. [NL., < Gr. avaairia, < ava- 
airof, eating together or in common, < <Av, to- 
gether, + o-trof, food.] In ancient Greece, no- 
tably among peoples of Dorian blood, and most 
conspicuously among the Spartans and Cre- 
tans, the custom that full citizens should eat the 
chief meal of the day in a public mess, in Crete 
the expense was met from the public revenues, in Sparta 
by a contribution levied upon the heads of families. The 
food was, until the decadence, in general plain, and so- 
briety of drinking was enforced. The chief object of the 
syssitia was to unite the members of the ruling class by 
bonds of intimacy, and to give them a cohesion which 
furthered greatly their civil and military enterprise. 
systaltic (sis-tal'tik), u. [= F. xystaltique, < LL. 
systalticus, < Gr. o-wjra/lTwdf, drawing together, 
constringent, < mtrr&Astv, draw together, re- 
strain, < civ, together, + areMctv, set, place. 
Cf. peristaltic.] Alternately contracting and 
6142 
dilating; capable of or resulting from systole 
and diastole ; pulsatory : as, the systaltic action 
of the heart. Compare peristaltic. 
systasis(sis'ta-sis), H. [NL.,< Gr. al'araeii;, a set- 
ting together, a composition, < cnmaravai, place 
or set together, unite, join, < ain>, together, + 
loTavaL, set up, 'itrranGat, stand: see stand.] A 
setting together; a union; a political union; 
a political constitution ; a confederation ; a 
league. [Bare.] 
It is a worse preservative of a general constitution than 
the systasis of Crete, or the confederation of Poland, or any 
other ill-devised corrective which has yet been imagined 
in the necessities produced by an ill-constructed system of 
government. Burke, Kev. in France. 
systatic (sis- tat 'ik), a. Introductory; com- 
mendatory Systatic letters or epistles, commen- 
datory letters. See commendatory. 
system (sis' tern), M. [Formerly also systeme; = 
F. systems = Sp. sistema = Pg. systcma = It. sis- 
tema = 1). systeem = G. Sw. Dan. system, < LL. 
systema, < Gr. avari/pa, a whole compounded of 
several parts, an arrangement, system, < awtard- 
vai, set together, put together, combine, com- 
pound, mid. stand together, < avv, together, + 
tardvai, arjjvai, set up, cause to stand: see 
stand.] 1. Any combination or assemblage of 
things adjusted as a regular and connected 
whole ; a number of things or parts so con- 
nected as to make one complex whole ; things 
connected according to a scheme : as, a system 
of canals for irrigation ; a system of pulleys ; a 
system of railroads; a mountain system; hence, 
more specifically, a number of heavenly bodies 
connected together and acting on each other 
according to certain laws: as, me solar system; 
the system of Jupiter and his satellites. 
Who sees with equal eye, as God of all, 
A hero perish or a sparrow fall, 
Atoms or systems into ruin hurled, 
And now a bubble burst, and now a world. 
Pope, Essay on Man, i. 89. 
Every work, both of nature and art, is a system; and, as 
every particular thing, both natural and artificial, is for 
some use or purpose out of and beyond itself, one may add 
to what has already been brought into the idea of a sys- 
tem its conduciveness to this one or more ends. Let us 
instance in a watch. Butler, Analogy. 
A Natural System is one which attempts to make all the 
divisions natural, the widest as well as the narrowest, and 
therefore applies no characters peremptorily. . . . An 
Artificial System is one in which the smaller groups (the 
Genera) are natural, and in which the wider divisions 
(Classes, Orders) are constructed by the peremptory ap- 
plication of selected Characters (selected, however, so as 
not to break up the smaller groups). 
Wheu'dl, Philos. of Inductive Sciences, I. p. xxxii. 
For a system., in the most proper and philosophic sense 
of the word, is a complete and absolute whole. 
//. Bushnell, Nature and the Supernatural, ii. 
Star and system rolling past. 
Tennyson, In Memoriam, Conclusion. 
2. A plan or scheme according to which ideas 
or things are connected into a whole ; a regular 
union of principles or facts forming one entire 
whole ; an assemblage of facts, or of principles 
and conclusions, scientifically arranged, or dis- 
posed according to certain mutual relations so 
as to form a complete whole ; a connected view 
of all the truths or principles of some depart- 
ment of knowledge or action: as, a system of 
philosophy; a system of government; & system 
of education ; a system of divinity ; a system of 
botany or of chemistry ; a system of railroading : 
often equivalent to method. 
There ought to be a system of manners in every nation 
which a well-formed mind would be disposed to relish. 
Burke, Rev. in France. 
In the modern system of war, nations the most wealthy 
are obliged to have recourse to large loans. 
A. Hamilton, The Federalist, No. 30. 
There was no part of the whole system of Government 
with which they [the Houses of Parliament] had not power 
to interfere by advice equivalent to command. 
Macaulay, Sir William Temple. 
I am deeply convinced that among us all systems, whe- 
ther religious or political, which rest on a principle of ab- 
solutism, must of necessity be, not indeed tyrannical, but 
feeble and ineffective systems. 
Gladstone, Might of Right, p. 102. 
3. The scheme of all created things consid- 
ered as one whole; the universe. 4. Regular 
method or order; plan: as, to have no system 
in one's business or study. 5. In natron., any 
hypothesis or theory of the disposition and ar- 
rangements of the heavenly bodies by which 
their phenomena, their motions, changes, etc., 
are explained: as, the Ptolemaic system; the 
Copernican system ; a system of the universe, or 
of the world. 6. In the/e arts, a collection of 
the rules and principles upon which an artist 
works. 7. (a) In Byzantine mimic, an interval 
conceived of as compounded of two lesser in- 
system 
tervals, as an octave or a tetrachord. (6) In 
medieval and modern music, a series of tones 
arranged and classified for artistic use, like a 
mode or scale, (<) In modern musical notation, 
two or more staffs braced together for con- 
certed music. 8. In anc. jiros., a group of two 
or more periods; by extension, a single period 
of more than two or three cola ; a hypermetron. 
A system the metrical form of which is repeated once or 
oftener in the course of a poem is called a strophe. 
9. In biot. : () An assemblage of parts or or- 
gans of the same or similar tissues. The princi- 
pal systems of the body in this sense are the nervous, both 
cerebrospinal and sympathetic; the muscular, both vol- 
untary and involuntary; the osseous, including the car- 
tilages as well as the bones of the skeleton ; the vascu- 
lar, including the blood-vascular and lymphatic or ab- 
sorbent; the teyumentary ; the mucous, including the 
mucous membranes ; and the serous, including the serous 
membranes. These systems may be subdivided, as the 
vascular into the blood- vascular and lymphatic sys- 
tems; or some of them may be grouped together, as 
when the connective-tissue system includes the bones, 
cartilages, ligaments, tendons, and general areolar or cel- 
lular tissues of the body. Hence (6) In a wider 
sense, a concurrence of parts or organs in 
some function. Most if not all such systems act 
physiologically by the concurrence of several other lesser 
systems : as, the digestive system ; the respiratory system ; 
the reproductive system. Hence (c) In the widest 
sense, the entire body as a physiological unity 
or anatomical whole: as, to take food into the 
system; to have one's system out of order, (a) 
In ascidiology, the cosnobium of those com- 
pound tunicates which have a common cloaca, 
as the Botryllidx. Ton Drasche, 1883. 10. 
One of the larger divisions of the geological 
series: as, the Devonian system; the Silurian 
system. The term is used by various geologists with 
quite different meanings, mostly, however, as the equiv- 
alent of series .- thus, Cretaceous system (the Cretaceous 
series). 
11. In not. hist.: (a) In the abstract, classifi- 
cation ; any method of arranging, disposing, or 
setting forth animals and plants, or any series of 
these, in orderly sequence, as by classes, orders, 
families, genera, etc., with due coordination and 
relative subordination of the several groups; 
also, the principles of such classification ; tax- 
onomy: as, the morphological system; a physi- 
ological system . There is but one adequate and nat- 
ural system, namely, that which classifies animals and 
plants by structure alone, according to their degrees of 
genetic relationship, upon consideration of descent with 
modification in the course of evolutionary processes ; it is 
the aim of every systematist to discover this true taxon- 
omy and set it forth by classificatory methods. ,' />) hi 
the concrete, any zoological or botanical clas- 
sification ; any actual arrangement which is de- 
vised for the purpose of classifying and naming 
objects of natural history; a formal scheme, 
schedule, or inventory of such objects, or a 
systematic treatise upon them: as, the Lin- 
nean or artificial system of plants ; Cuvier's 
system of classification ; the quinarian system. 
Such systems are very numerous, and no two agree in every 
detail either of classification or of nomenclature ; but all 
have in view the same end, which is sought to be attained 
by similar methods, and upon certain principles to which 
most naturalists now assent. Abkari system. See ab- 
kari. Action of a moving system. See action. Ad- 
junct system, a system of linear equations whose coeffi- 
cients are the corresponding minors of the determinant 
of a primitive system. Allotment, American, asym- 
metric system. See the qualifying words. Ambula- 
cra! system. Same as water-vascular system. Apolar 
system, the aggregate of surfaces of a given order whose 
polars with reference to a given surface are indetermi- 
nate. Banting system. See bantinyism. Barrier, 
block, blood-vascular, bothy system. See the quali- 
fying words. Binary system. See binary classification, 
under binary. Brunoman system, an old medical doc- 
trine formulated by Dr. John Brown, a Scottish physician. 
It was based on the assumption that the body possesses a 
peculiar property of excitability, and that every agent ca- 
pable of acting on the body during life does so as a stimu- 
lant. When these stimuli were normal in amount, the con- 
dition was one of health; if excessive, causing debility ; if 
insufficient, causing indirect debility. Canonical sys- 
tem, a system of differential equations of the forms 
Axt - d(, dpi = d(!, i (1, 2, 3, ... n). 
Cellular, cibarian, circular system. See the adjec- 
tives. Centimeter-gram-second System. See rend'- 
meter. Circulatory system, the organs collectively 
which aid in the circulation of the blood and lymph; the 
vascular system. Complete system of differential 
equations, a system such that all the equations dedu- 
cible from it are linear combinations of the equations of 
the system. Conjugate system,:) system of curvilinear 
coordinates such that the two families of curves for which 
one or the other coordinate is constant have for their tan- 
gents at each point of the surface to which the coordi- 
nates relate conjugate diameters of the Dupinian indica- 
trix. Conjunct, conservative, continental, convict, 
Copernican, cost-book system. See the qualifying 
words. Cottier system. See cotter>. Cumulative 
system of voting. See cumulaiire. Cyclic system, 
an orthogonal system of which one family consists of cir- 
cles, or has circular trajectories. Decimal system. See 
decimal. Dentinal system, all the tubules radiating 
