system 
from a single puli>-cavity. Desmic system, a system 
of three ttjtrahectra which are inembeis of a pencil of 
c|iiaitic surfaces. Desmold system, HIchat's term for 
the skin ami its dc-rhaiives. Dioptric system. Sec 
iliii/itrii: Dissipatlve system, see trtetyatoe. Ele- 
mentary system. H system uf surfaces which ^atisties an 
c li mi urn > condii ion namely, that every surface shall 
pass through certain points or touch certain stnii;.'lit 
lines or planes. Enneadlc, epidermal, excltomotor, 
feudal system. See tin- adjectives. Equivalent sys- 
tem, "lie 'it two or more systems of aluchniie forms such 
lint tin' lot:ilil\ uf functional invariantR of each system 
is the same as that of any other. Fabriclaii system of 
classification. .Same as cibarvtn *,v.s'V;/i. Field-grass 
system. sec <)/'" -field system, nndei jirlil. Gastrovas- 
cular, gob-road, hexagonal system. Sec tin- qualify. 
Ing words. - Gauche system, a system of quantities 
n,j(i = 1,2, . . . n; j = 1,2,. . . n)such that ay = aji in 
every case, except when i = j. Balphenlan system, a 
system of curves dellne-l l>y conditions not inde]>eii<li*nt, 
so that certain modifications of the characteristics are 
rendered necessary. 1 'rttcteitiivjs of Lontlon Mat h. Stic., IX. 
14. Hlpponactean, homaloldal, ice, interlinear 
system. See the qualifying words. Interlocking sys- 
tem of signals. See interlock. -Irldochoroldal sys- 
tem, 'adiat's name for the choroid and iris taken toge- 
ther as tieiiiK of similar structure and development. 
Isothermal system of curvilinear coordinates, such 
a system that, n and " being tile coordinates, and dx an 
element of the arc of any curve on the surface, da 3 = 
A (die 1 t do-). leotonic system. Sec isotanic. - Jacobi- 
an system of differential equations. See JaeiManS. 
Jussleuan system. See Jtuulfuaa. -Ling's system, 
arathei eomplicated system of kinesitherapy, or movei urn t 
cure, in which active and passive motions are combined 
with massage antl manual stimulation of the muscles, 
nerves, and other tissues. Linnean system. See Lin- 
nean. Logierian system, in music, a system of instruc- 
tion upon the pianoforte invented by J. U. Logler, and 
patented in England In 1814. It Involved two things 
the use of the chiroplast, a mechanical contrivance for 
holding the pupil's hands in a correct position at the key- 
hoard, and the simultaneous instruction of several pupils 
at an many pianofortes. The chiroplast had drawbacks 
which have led to its being discarded, but the plan of 
class instruction is in use to some extent in all music- 
schools. Lot, Macleayan, male, mark, mercantile, 
metamorphotic, metayer, military, moiety, mus- 
cular, natural, nervous, octave system. See the qual- 
ifying words. Open-Held system. See field. Parish, 
pavilion, portal, Ptolemaic, purchase. Pythagorean 
system. See the qualifying words. Quinary system. 
See quinariaii.-- Refracting system. Same as dioptric 
system. Reservation, saflferous, sexual, sidereal, 
silent, solar, spur system. Sec the qualifying words. 
Spoils system. See spoil. Stomatogastric nervous 
system, sympathetic nervous system. See stomato 
gastric, sympathe tie. Sub-Himalayan, sweating, etc., 
system. See the qualifying words. System-disease of 
the cerebrospinal axis, a disease affecting a tract of nerve- 
fibers or nerve-cells having throughout common anatom- 
ical relations and physiological properties. System Of 
conjugate substitutions, see substitution. - System 
of surfaces. See surface. Systems of crystalliza- 
tion. See criiHtalloffrapliy, hexagonal, isometric, monoclinic, 
orthorhonnbic, tetragonal, trictinic. Systems Of fortifi- 
cation. See fortification. TaconlC system (so called 
from the Taconic Mountains, a branch or continuation 
of the Green Mountains in southern Vermont, western 
Massachusetts, and eastern New York); in ,/>/., rocks 
of Lower Silurian age (or Cambrian, in part, according 
to the nomenclature of the United States ideological Sur- 
vey now adopted), more or less metamorphosed, former- 
ly supposed by some geologists to constitute a distinct 
system. 
It Is thus finally made positive that the Taconic system 
is not a pre-Silurian system, and that the claiming for it 
equivalency with the Huronlan was but a leap in the 
dark. It is manifest, in fact, that " Taconic system" is only 
a synonym of the older term "Lower Silurian," as this 
term was used by geologists generally twenty, thirty, and 
forty years since, and by many writers till a much later 
date. J. D. Dana, Amer. Jour. Sci., Dec., 1888, p. 411. 
Tall-rope, tarsal, territorial, tetragonal, etc., sys- 
tem. See the qualifying words. Three-field system. 
See field. Vascular system, the circulatory system. 
Water-vascular system, see water-vascular. =8yn. 
1-4. System, Method. Strictly, "System is logical or scien- 
tific collocation. Method is logical or scientific procedure " 
(C. J. tfmith. Synonyms Discriminated). Hut system is often 
used for method ; method is not used for system. System, 
Range, Chain, in orography, as used by physical geogra- 
phers writing in English, are nearly the same : thus, we 
find the "Appalachian chain" frequently called "Appala- 
chian range ' or " ranges, " and also "Appalachian system." 
.V'/.-'-'M is the more comprehensive term. All the ranges 
whicli go to make up a complex of mountains sufficiently 
nearly a unit, as popularly designated, to be embraced un- 
der one name, may be called a system : thus, the ranges of 
the Great Basin, some twenty or more in number, may 
properly all be classed together as forming the Great Basin 
"mountain system," or simply "system." 
As thus defined, the Appalachian Region, System, or 
complex of ranges, extends from the promontory of Oaspe, 
in a mean direction of northeast and southwest, to Ala- 
bama a distance of about 1,300 miles where it disap- 
pears entirely, becoming covered by the much more re- 
cent geological formations, which form a broad belt along 
the Gulf of Mexico, and extend far up the Mississippi 
Valley. J. D. Whitney, The United States, p. 32. 
Systematic (sis-te-mat'ik). <i. [= F. systema- 
liijitr = Sp. xixti-iiititico = Pg. si/stematico = It. 
xixfi-nintii-o, < NLi. xi/xtcindtic/ix, < Gr. av<rr>ifiaTt- 
mSf, combined in one whole, systematic, < avani- 
fia(r-), a system: see system."] 1. Of or per- 
taining to system; consisting in system; me- 
thudiciil; formed with regular connection ami 
adaptation or subordination of parts to one an- 
other and to the design of the whole : as, a sys- 
C.l lit 
tiiitiitii- iirriiiigi-incnt of plants or animals; a 
xi/x!<-iiiiilif ccim'-c- of stnily. 
Every nation, consequently, whose affairs betray * want 
of wisdom and stability may calculate on every losa which 
CM n lie sustained from the more systematic policy of its 
wiser neighbours. A. Hamilton, Federalist, No. 62. 
line by one exceptions vanish, and all becomes syste- 
M*fe //. s,*ncer, Social Statics, p. 822. 
The whole course of divinity Is belt divided Into four 
departments: Exegetlcal Theology, Historical Theology, 
Systematic Theology, and Practical Theology. 
Scha/, Christ and Christianity, p. 2. 
What I hope to have shown is that two systems of logic 
are not made the same system by the fact that both are 
systematic methods of procedure, nor yet by the fact that 
both express the common part and the aggregate of two 
terms In the same way. 
C. L. Franklin, In Amer. Jour. Fsjrchol., II. MB. 
2. Proceeding according to system or regular 
method; with intention; formal: as, a syste- 
uitilic writer, 
A systematic political opposition, vehement, daring, and 
inflexible, sprang from a schism about trifles, altogether 
unconnected with the real Interests of religion or of the 
state. Macaulay, llallam's Const Hist. 
3. Of or pertaining to the system of the uni- 
verse; cosmical. 4. Class! fieatory; taxonom- 
ic ; marked by, based on, or agreeable with any 
system of classification or nomenclature: as, 
a systematic treatise; systematic principles or 
practice; systematic zoology or botany. See 
system, 11. 5. In anc. pro*., of or pertaining 
to a system, or group of periods; constituting 
systems, or composed of systems. Systematic Com- 
position is the form of composition found In poems or 
choric passages consisting of systems or strophes, as op- 
posed to stichic or linear composition. Systematic 
anatomy, the anatomy of the various systems of organs 
and parts of the body : used with reference to macroscopic 
surgical and topographical anatomy. Systematic bot- 
any. See botany and system, 11. Systematic logic. 
Same as objective logic (a) (which see, under logic). Sys- 
tematic theology. Hi-etheology. Systematic zoology. 
See system, 11. and zoology. =8yn. See orderly. 
systematical (sis-te-mat'i-kal), a. [< syste- 
matic + -a/.] Same as systematic, 
Nor has the systematical way of writing been prejudicial 
only to the proficiency of some readers, bat also to the 
reputation of some writers of systematical books. 
Boyle, Works, I. 300. 
systematically (sis-te-mat'i-kal-i), adv. In a 
systematic manner; in the form of a sys- 
tem; methodically; with system, or deliberate 
method. 
systematician (sis'tem-a-tish'an), n. [< syste- 
matic + -.] A systematist; one who ad- 
heres to a system: implying undue formalism. 
[Rare.] 
In the former capacity he is, as Zola aptly remarks, a 
"thought mathematician," systematician, a slave to the 
consistent application of his own theories. 
Nineteenth Century, XX. 73. 
systematics (sis-te-mat'iks), n. [PI. of syste- 
matic (see -'<).] The principles and practice 
of classification; the study of system, or the 
formation of any system ; systematology ; tax- 
onomy. See syxtem, 1 1 . 
Huxley's classification, based upon these character!, In 
1867, marked an epoch in the systematics of birds. 
Nature, XXXIX. 177. 
systematisation, systematise, etc. See *//-- 
tematization, etc. 
systematism (sis'tem-a-tizm), M. [< Gr. a'va- 
rjiua(T-), a system, + -ism.] Reduction of facts 
to a system; predominance of system. 
So also he [Dante] combines the deeper and more ab- 
stract religious sentiment of the Teutonic races with the 
scientific precision and absolute systematism of the Ro- 
manic. Lowell, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 37. 
systematist (sis' tem-a-tist), H. [<Gr. aiau//ia(T-), 
a system, + -int.] 1. One who forms a system 
or reduces to system ; especially, one who con- 
structs or is expert in systems of classification 
in natural history. 
The genus Sphinx, as now limited by systematists, Is 
much larger bodied, with a long and narrow head, small 
eyes, and long and narrow wings. 
.1. S. Packard, Study of Insects, p. 272. 
2. One who adheres to a system : implying un- 
due adherence to formalism. Henslow. 
systematization (sis-te-mat-i-za'shon), . [< 
systematize + -at-ion.] The act of systematiz- 
ing; the act or process of reducing to system, 
or of forming into a system. Also spelled sys- 
tematisation. 
The spirit of meddling systematuatinn and regula- 
tion which animates even the "Philosophic Positive, and 
breaks out, In the latter volumes of that work. Into no un- 
certain foreshadowing of the anti-scientific monstrosities 
of Comte's later writings. Huxley, Lay Sermons, p. 170, 
I he- tystcmatisatitm which Lelbnlx himself did not give. 
Mind, IX. 441. 
systematize (sis'tem-a-tiz), c. t. and .; pret. and 
pp. systematized, ppr. systfinatiziua. [= F. syg- 
gystem-monger 
/< niiiiixrr = Sp. xixtrmati:<ir = It. * 
asGr. ai'fmiiia(r-), a system, + -/-*<.] 
to system or method; methodize; arrange in, or 
in accordance with, n, system; ronstrui't ;/ 
tern, asof classilii-'ation in naturul history. Also 
spelled xy.fti-iiHitise. 
"It appears to me," said the daguerreotypist, smiling, 
"that uncle Venner has the principles of Fourier at the 
liottom of his wisdom ; only they have not quite so much 
distinctness In his mind as In that of the nytteinatizinj 
Frenchman." Hawthorne, Seven (jables, x. 
There has not been an effort to systematize the scattered 
lalHtrs of isolated thinkers. 
li. U. Level, Hrobl. of Life and Mind, I. I. i 76. 
In Haeckel't "Oenerelle Morphologic" there Is all the 
force, suggestiveness, and what I may term the systema- 
tiang power of Oken, without his extravagance. 
Huxley, Critiques and Addrenea, p. 270. 
systematizer (sis'tem-a-ti-zer), w. [< xystema- 
ti;r + -er 1 .] One wno systematizes; a sy- 
totnatist. Also spelled systematiser. 
Aristotle . . . may be called the yi<CTjHi/urr of hli mas 
ten's doctrines. Hurra, I'hllol. inquiries, I. 1. 
Several systematiieri have tried to draw characters from 
the orifice of the ear, and the part! about it, but hitherto 
theae have not been sufficiently studied to make the at- 
tempts very successful. 
A. Newton, Encyc. Brit., XVIII. 89. 
systematology (sis'tem-a-tol'o-ji), H. [< Gr. 
ai'(miiia(T-), a system, + -Aoyia, < ?>>f(v, speak: 
see -ology.J The science of systems or of sys- 
tematization. 
systemic (sis-tem'ik), a. [< system + -'e.] 1. 
Of or pertaining to system or systematization ; 
systematic. 2. In physio!., pertaining to the 
body as a whole ; somatic ; common to a gen- 
eral system; not local: as, systemic circulation. 
Were our experiences limited to the Systemic Sensations, 
supplemented by Vision and Hearing, we might have a 
conception of the geometric universe, but we could have 
none of the dynamic universe. 
'/. //. Lena, Probs. of Life and Mind, II. v. 1 12. 
Systemic circulation, the circulation of the blood 
through the body at large, but exclusive of Its flowing 
through the lungs : opposed to pulmonary circulation. 
Systemic death, the death of the body aa a whole. Alao 
called somatic death. 
systemically (sis-tem'i-kal-i), adr. In a sys- 
temic manner; in or on the body as a whole. 
There is necessarily some danger in employing so potent 
a drug as corrosive sublimate ; . . . and, indeed, it seems 
likely that It acts as much systemically as locally. 
lancet, 1889, 1. 882. 
systemization, systemisation (sis'tem-i-za'- 
shon), n. [< systemi;e -t- -at-ion."\ Same as 
systematization. Webster. 
systemize, systemise (sis'tem-iz), r. [< sys- 
tem + -ire.] Same as systematize. 
A genuine faculty for systemizing business. 
Philadelphia. Press, Dec. 24, 1888. 
systemizer, systemiser (sis'tem-i-zfer), n. [< 
systemize + -cr 1 .] Same as systematizer. 
systemless (sis'tem-les), a. [< system + -/.] 
Without system ; in biol., not exhibiting any 
of the distinct systems or types of structure 
characteristic of most organisms, as the radiate 
in the vegetable kingdom, and the vertebrate, 
etc., in the animal kingdom; lacking differen- 
tiated or specialized tissues ; structureless : 
as, in the vegetable kingdom the Alga and in 
the animal kingdom the Protozoa are system- 
less. 
system-maker (sis'tem-ma'ker), n. One who 
makes or constructs a system or systems : gen- 
erally implying slight contempt. 
We system-maters can sustain 
The thesis which yon grant was plain. 
Prior, Alma, ill. 330. 
system-monger (sis'tem-mung'ger), n. One 
who is unduly fond of making or framing sys- 
tems. 
A system-monger, who, without knowing anything of the 
world by experience, has formed a system of it in his dusty 
cell, lay* It down that flattery is pleasing. ChesterJIeld. 
ltrffiNi oreat, .ntull female, enlarged. 
