target 
ME. targi-t. targcttc, *targi-tte, < < )F. "tnnjin Iti . 
'"targc/lr (not found) (= It. targhrttn, a small 
shield, = Sp. Inrji-la, a small shield, a sign- 
board, card; Mb. tnrcltrta), dim. of tnrgin; 
targe, a shield: see targe 1 . The Ir. Gael, tar- 
guiil. W. lurgril.a, shield, target, are appar. < E. 
The W. tnrged, a dasher, tarinn, a shield, dash- 
er (< targ, clash, percussion), are appar. not 
related to the E. word.] 1. A shield. Specifi- 
cally (a) A small round shield ; a buckler. See cut on 
preceding page. 
Likewise rounde leather taryetts is the Spanish fashion, 
whoe used it (for the most part) paynted. 
Spenser, State of Ireland. 
(6) In the seventeenth century, a shield of any form used 
by an infantry soldier as a substitute for body-armor. 
Compare targeteer. 
Integrity thus armless seeks her foes, 
And never needs the target nor the sword. 
Fletcher (and another), Queen of Corinth, iv. 3. 
2. A shield-shaped, circular, or other mark at 
which archers or users of firearms shoot for 
practice or for a prize : 
so called from the mark, 
which usually consists 
of concentric rings. For 
archery (see kutf-i, 9) it is 
commonly painted on canvas 
drawn over a wedge-shaped 
frame, and stuffed with 
straw ; that for practice with 
the musket or rifle was for- 
merly flat, and made of 
planks in one or more thick- 
nesses. Modern targets for 
long-range practice with the 
rifle are made of metal, and 
the compartments are usu- 
ally square, one within the 
other; the target for practice 
with cannon is generally in- 
tended to test the penetrat- 
ing power of the projectile, Targets for Rifle Practice, 
and is accordingly built up A, bull's-eye; B, center; C, in- 
ill imitation of the side of a n , er ' " Ollter - The lower figure 
ship, or of a turret. shows shot-marks. 
I have seen the gentlemen who practise archery in the 
vicinity of Ixjndon repeatedly shoot from end to end, and 
not touch tile target with an arrow. 
Strutt, Sports and Pastimes, p. 129. 
The archery-ground was a carefully kept inclosure, . . . 
where the targets were placed in agreeable afternoon 
shade. George Eliot, Daniel Dcronda, x. 
filOO tarnish 
Targum (tar'gum), n. [< dial, targfim, inter- Walker tariff, in I'. A'. hM., a tariff established liy 
pretation, < tart/cm, interpret. Ct. dragoman, a " ilct .P".* 8 '; 1 ' '!' , ls '.'--, i ," ilt ' col ' d:lll>;c witn principles laid 
<lro, IIHm ,r,n-l IIH , IH ,^.., tteime source.] ^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
A translation or paraphrase of some portion of reduced the duties from the tariff of 1842. Its rates were 
the Hebrew Scriptures in the Aramaic or Clial- stil .> further^-ediiced by the act of 1867. 
dee language or dialect, which became neces- tariff (tar'if), r. t. [< tariff, n.] 1. To make 
sary after the Babylonish captivity, when He- a Hst of duties on, as on imported goods. 2. 
brew began to die out as the popular language. To P ut a valuation upon. 
The Targum, long preserved by oral transmission, does These tctradrachms were tariffed by the Romans as 
not seem to have been committed to writing until the first only equivalent to the denarius. 
centuries of the Christian era. The most ancient and B. V. Head Mistoria \iimoriim p 718 
valuable of the extant Targums are those ascribed to or j._jff . j j /t /-,: ,,, 
called after Onkelos (on the Pentateuch) and Jonathan tannVndden (tar it-nd''n), a. Burdened willi 
Ben Uzziel. The Targums do not furnish any paraphrase a tariff or tan Us; carrying an excessive burden 
of Nehemiah, Ezra, or Daniel. of indirect taxation. 
Targumic(tar'giim-ik),rt. [< Tnrgiim + -ic.] Of tarin(tar'in). it. [< F. ta-rin, a siskin; origin ob- 
or pertaining to the literature of the Targums. scure.] A book-name of the siskin. Also terin. 
Certain Targvmic fragments on the Pentateuch. tar-kiln (tiir'kil), it. A conical heap of pine 
Eneye. Brit., XXIII. 63. wood arranged for burning to produce tar. 
Targumist (tar'gum-ist), . [< Targum + -ist.] Bartlett. [North Carolina.] 
The writer or expounder of a Targum; one tar-lamp (tar'lamp), n. An illuminating lamp 
versed in the language and literature of the in which tar is burned. The burner is annular, and 
Targums. 
through its center compressed air is supplied, causing the 
tar^to burn with a brilliant white light. E. If. Knight. 
Then we must conclude that Jonathan or Onkelos the rarlatori t"i, "l \ rPV 4 , ,,'lt < T l' 1 
Targumut* were of cleaner language than he that made *9E5?** n ( V , }'">' "' [Perhaps lilt. < It. dial, 
the tongue. Millon, Apology for Smectymnuus. (Milanese) liiiiniitiiiiiiii, linsey-woolsey. Cf . tiir- 
The later Targumists call him [Balaam] a sinner and an ftm T^ A ver y thin muslin, so open in texture 
accursed man, while the Talmudists make him the repre- as to be transparent, and often rather coarse 
sentative of the godless, in contrast with Abraham, the in quality. It is used for women's eveninsr 
representative of the pious. Eneyc. Brit., III. 269. dre ss, for widows' caps, etc. 
Targumistk (tar-gum-is'tik), a. [< Targumist tarn 1 (tarn), n. [Also tairn (Sc.); < ME. lame, 
+ -ic.] Of or pertaining to a Targumist or the terne = Icel. tjilrn, tjnni = Sw. dial, tjfini, ttirti = 
Norw. tjfirn, etc. (Aasen), a tarn.] 1. A small 
mountain lake or pool, especially one which 
has no risible feeders. [Eng. and Scotch.] 
Than the gret of the grekes agreit horn all, 
The corse for to east in a clere terne, 
Targumists. 
Showing the prevalence of the Targumistic exegesis. 
Andooer Jtev., VII. 101. 
tarheel (tar'hel), n. [So called in allusion to 
tar as one of the principal products of the State ; 
< tar 1 + heel 1 .] A dweller in the pine-barrens 
of North Carolina; hence, any inhabitant of 
that State. [Colloq., U. S.] 
The mountain tarheel gradually drifted into a condition 
Vndur a syde of the Cite, * synke hit therin. 
' Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 11187. 
A glen, gray boulder and black tarn. 
Tennyson, Lancelot and Elaine. 
2. A bog ; a marsh ; a fen. [Prov. Eng.] 
, . 
3. Figuratively, anything at which observa- 
tion is aimed; one who or that which is a 
marked object of curiosity, admiration, con- 
tempt, or other feeling. 
They to whom my foolish passion were a target for their 
scorn. Tennyson, Locksley Hall. 
4. On a railroad, the frame or holder in which 
a signal is displayed, as at switches. 5. The 
sliding sight on a leveling-staff. Also called 
vane. See cut under Uvelmg-staff, E. H. 
Knight. 6. In her., a bearing representing a 
round shield, or buckler. 7. A pendant, often 
jeweled ; a tassel. [Scotch.] 
Ther hang nine targats at Johnys hat, 
And ilka an worth three hundred pound. 
Johnie Armstrong (Child's Ballads, VI. 49). 
8. A shred; slice. [Provincial.] 
lord Surrey loved buttered lyng and targets of mutton 
for breakfast; and my Lady's Grace used to piddle with a 
chine of beef upon brewess. 
Gray, To Rev. W. Mason, Dec. 19th, 1756. 
target-card (tar'get-kard), n. In archery, a card 
colored in the same manner as the target, con- 
taining the names of the shooters, and used for 
scoring their hits. Encye. Brit., II. 378. 
targeted (tar'get-ed),n. [< target + -crf2.] Fur- 
nished or armed with a target; having a de- 
fensive covering, as of metal or hide. 
Not rough and targeted as the rhinoceros. 
Bp. Gatiden, Hieraspistes (1653), p. 527. (Latham.) 
targeteer (tar-ge-ter'J, (. [Formerly also tar- 
getier, targettier (= It. targhcttiere) ; as target 
J- -eer.J A soldier carrying a target or buckler. 
Especially-(a) A Greek or Roman light-armed soldier- a 
peltast. 
All the space the trench contain'd before 
Was flll'd with horse and targeteers, who there for refuge 
Chapman, Iliad, viii. 178. 
(i>) In the early part of the seventeenth century, a soldier 
furnished with a target to replace in part the armor which 
was being abandoned. 
target-firing (tar'get-flr'ing). . Shooting at 
a target, as in artillery or archery practice. 
The law of probability as applied to target-firing 
Nature, XXXVII. 335. 
target-lamp (tar'get-lamp), . A signal-lamp 
.ttached to fixed targets or semaphore signals 
targrass (tiir'gras), n. [< tar, dial, form of tare 
+ ffrasg.] A species of vetch, probably I'icia 
liirxnta. 
targuett, . An obsolete form of target. 
of dreary indifference to all things sublunary but hog and *_ __2 / t a * ' N .. 
hominy, or the delights of a bear hunt and barbecue. pam- (tarn), it bame as tern 1 . 
Jom. ofAmer. Folk-Lore, II. 95. tarnal (tar nal), n. and adv. [An aphetic form 
tarhood (tar'hud), . [< tar + -hood.-] The of te '> dia j- var -. eternal, used (partly as 
state of being a tar or sailor ; sailors collective- a - euphemism f or Wntal) as a term of empha- 
- 11 sis and dislike: see eternal.] An epithet of 
reprobation : used as a piece of mild nrofanitv. 
[Vulgar.] 
ly. [Bare and humorous.] 
This circumstance . . . has been so ridiculed by the 
whole tarhood that the romantic part [of the sea-piece] 
has been forced to be cancelled, and one only gun remains 
firing at Alison's ship. Walpole, To Mann, March 23, 1749. 
tariert, . An obsolete form of terrier 1 . Pals- 
grave. 
''if), n. [<OF. tariffe,f., 
. 
prices, book of rates,< Ar. ta'ri 
My gracious ! it 's a scorpion thet 's took a shine to play 
with 't. 
I daren't skeer the tarnal thing for fear he'd run away 
with 't. Lowell, Biglow Papers, 1st ser., ii. 
ann<tar-it>7 iih-* v. f tarnation (tar-na'sbon), a. and adv. [A fusion 
v^izsswzr-" 
i^wj&aKtg .jrj^Tsssss 
tarnet, n. See tiierne. 
,rnish (tar'nish), v. [< OF. terniss-, stem of 
certain parts of ternir, make dim, < terne, dull, 
< OHG. tarni (cf. OHG. tarnan, tarnjaii, MHO. 
list or table of gold's with the duties" or" customs "' obeovTe) = AS. derne = OS. derni = 
to be paid on them, either on importation or \>*. nes - <lern: see dern 1 . Cf. G tarn-kappe, a 
on exportation ; a list or table of duties or cus- l' at , r ca P ^at makes one invisible.] I. trans. 
toms to be paid on goods imported or exported }' ,, dlmln l sh or destroy the luster of ; sully ; 
The principle of a tariff depends upon the commercial pol- duU : used ot an alteration induced by the air, 
icy of the state by which it is framed, and the details are or by dust or dampness ; also, in mineral., to 
constantly fluctuating with the change of interests and the change the natural color or luster of the sur- 
treatfefwan otTerS " " PUr8UanC<! <* commerdal face of: said chiefly of the metallic minerals. 
2. A duty, or the duties collectively, imposed See t " rnlsh > 2 - 
according to such a list, table, or scale. 3. A - Hl S h - ba <: k . ed claw-footed chairs, covered with tarnished 
table or scale of charges generally : as, a tele- 
ties : as, the tariff of 1824.1 Compromise tariff, 
in U. S. hist., a tariff established by an act passed in 183:i 
promoted by Henry Clay. By it duties were to be reduced 
gradually until in 1842 no duties were to exceed "0 per 
cent. It was superseded by the protective tariff of 1842 
McKlnley tariff in U. S. hist., a tariff established by 
an act passed in 1890, introduced by William McKinley of 
Ohio, chairman of the Ways and Means Committee in the 
House of Representatives. It made many additions to the 
free list and reduced duties on certain articles but is in 
general strongly protective, imposing or increasing duties 
on many agricultural products, raw materials, and manu- 
factured articles.-Morrill tariff, in U. S. hist., a tarilf 
established by an act passed in 1881, introduced by J. S. 
Merrill, a representative from Vermont It was one of 
the series of " war measures " occasioned by the civil war 
of 1861-5, which resulted in a great development of the 
protective principle. Revenue tariff, a tariff which has 
for its main object the production of revenue as distin- 
guished from a tariff which seeks to combine the produc- 
tion of revenue with protection to home industries [U S] 
Tariff of abominations, in U. S. hist., a name givei 
There was a volume of Pope, . . . ai 
Taller, and an odd one of Dryden's Miscellanies, all with 
tarnished gilding on their covers. 
Hawthorne, Seven Gables, U. 
2. To give a pale or dim cast to, as to gold or 
silver, without either polishing or burnishing 
it. 3. Figuratively, to diminish or destroy the 
purity of; cast a stain upon ; sully : as, to tar- 
nish reputation. 
I own the triumph of obtaining the passport was not a 
little tarnighed by the figure I cut in it. 
Sterne, Sentimental Journey, p. 86. 
= Svn. 1. To dull, deface. 
II. intrans. To lose luster; become dim or 
dull: as, polished substances or gilding will 
tut-nigh in the course of time. 
Till thy fresh glories, which now shine so bright, 
Grow stale and tarnish with our daily sight. 
Dryden, Abs. and A chit., i. 249. 
*<uxu vj. o-uuiiiijiatiuiis in t . .1. nun., a name "iven t. T. /A-. / - , \ r ^ . 
to the tariff of 1S28, in which the protective tendencies as tarnish (tar nigh). H. [< tarnish, t'.] 1. A spot; 
displayed in the tariffs of 1816 and 1824 were strongly de- a "lot ; the condition of being dulled or stained, 
veloped It occasioned great opposition in the South, and Fnvv wit i, noisonVl ian,M, fn,il 
, , ^^SSSL,.,,. 
;eneral reduction of import duties, especially on raw ma- 2. In mineral., the change in luster or color of 
trials, and in general a movement away from protection, the surface of a mineral, particularly one of 
