tarsus 
rent anomaly is i \plaiiu-d h> the I art th:il tl ..... inliryo has 
Several tal^d < I' lurid*. p|i,\iinal o!ir> ] ullirli i 
consolidated with the tibia OH the rondvli-s ni tin! latter, 
and distal ones of u liirh Iti-ei'ine siinil.irl> fused witli tile 
prinripal inetatarsal In. in-. M- in .-, a IHI ! - ! iliia is really 
n tiblotarsns, and a bird's principal nn-tatar-al bone i- 
realh a tju'soinetatal sus ; and tin- ankle-joint, apparently 
netween the tibia :tn<l tin- iii<-t:it:ii>-n>. i, n-ally mcdlotar- 
sal, as IB usual Mlow mammals. Sn- ruts nnd* i <.,,/./ 
t'llliin'liniu, ifi' : ,/l,,/i <,/> /.'./I/M/.V. t<:ot, uti-tiitintn.*, I'lini 
tiifradtl, and I ItxioiKiurux. 
Hi-net 1 2. lii ilisri -ijiliri' iirinll/.. Hui shank; 
the part of tlio lojj (properly of the foot) of a 
biril which extends from the bases of the toes 
to the first joint above, the principal bone of 
this section consisting of three inetatursal 
bones fused together and with distal tarsal 
bones. S ..... 'tits under booted, xcutellute, and 
tiii:i<>metattirsun. 3. lu entom.: (a) The foot; 
the terminal segment of any leg, next to and 
beyond the tibia, consisting of a variable num- 
ber of joints, usually five, and ending sometimes 
in a pair of claws like pincers, or in a sucker- 
like pud. or otherwise. It normally consists of flvo 
joints, hut some of them- may l very small or entirely 
ah. ii t nl, and in a few insccte there is only one joint. These 
miHlitU-atiuna arc much used in classification, especial- 
ly of beetles. (See tarnnl tttiittem, under tarnal.) The 
joints an- distinguished hy numbers, the tlrat being that 
attached to tin- tihia(in bees sometimes called thcpfanto 
nrpalma. and in (lies the inrtatarmtx). The last joint is 
Kenerally terminated by two hooks or claws called t/i/v'" * 
with a little piece, the onychium, between them, which 
Huxley regards as a sixth joint. (See un</ww.) The tarsi 
serve tin- same purposes as the feet of vertebrated ani- 
mals. See cut* under coca, Krotyliut, mole -cricket, Pen- 
tatnera, and Tetramera. (b) The last joint of a spi- 
der's leg, forming, with the preceding joint, or 
metatarsus, the foot. 4. The small plate of 
condensed connective tissue along the free bor- 
der of the upper and lower eyelid. It is bur- 
rowed by the Meibomian glands. Also called 
tarsal cartilage.- Dilated or enlarged tarsL 8ee 
dilated.-- Filiform, patellate, reticulate, scutate, etc., 
tarsus. See the adjectives. Tensor tarsi. Homer's 
muscle; the tarsalis, a small muscle acting upon the tar- 
sal cartilages of the eyelids. 
tart" (tiirt), a. [< ME. tart, < AS. teart, sharp, 
acid, severe ; perhaps, with formative -t, < terun 
(pret. tier), tear: see tear 1 .'] 1. Sharp to tlio 
taste; acidulous: as, a tort apple. 2. Figura- 
tively, sharp: keen; severe; cutting; biting: 
as, a tart reply ; tart language ; a tart rebuke. 
The merry Greek, tart Aristophanes. 
/,'. ./</-"/,, Underwoods, xii. 
A tart temper never mellows with age. 
Inini/, Sketch-Book, p. 49. 
= Syn. 2. Sour, caustic. See tarttieg*. 
tart 1 (tiirt), r. t. [< tart 1 , .] To make acid 
or piquant. [Rare.] 
To walk on our own ground a stomach gets 
The best of sauce to tart our meats. 
Randolph, tr. of Second Epode of Horace. 
tart 2 (tart), . [< ME. tarte = D. taart = Dan. 
tserte = G. torte = Bret, tarte, < OF. tarte, var. 
of torte, totirte, F. tarte, toiirte = Sp. Pg. It. torta 
(also tartrra, Florio), < ML. torta, also tarta, a 
cake, tart, also dough, mass, so called as being 
twisted, < L. torta (sc. jilaceiita, cake f), fern, of 
tortux, pp. of torquere, twist : see tort. The al- 
teration of the radical vowel ( to a) was prob. 
due to some confusion; the word is now often 
mentally associated with turn. <*., some tarts 
(e. g. fruit tarts) having an acid taste.] A pie 
or piece of pastry, consisting generally of fruit 
baked in paste. Compare i>>' ' . 
I have, with much ado, maintained my post hitherto at 
the dessert, and every day eat tart in the face of my patron. 
, Guardian, No. 163. 
ill'.':; 
crossing each other at right angles so as to form 
a definite pattern. Thlsvaricirated rlc.th was formerh 
tin- distinctive dress of the S.-ottish Highland.-!*, the <lll 
ti'i t nt rtati- having each ita peculiar tartan. (See also cut 
under plaid.) More recently fancy tartans of various fab- 
rics and with great variety in the patterns have been 
laiu'elv inamifarturei!, especially for women's dreMem. 
An cine and an halfe of blue tartanf to lyne his gowne. 
Wardrobe Act, James III <>t Scotl., H71. 
Now might you see the tartaiu brave. 
And plaids and plumage dance and wave. 
Scott, I of the I., II. IB. 
2. The design or "set "of the colors in thecloth 
known as tartan. See w/1, n., 14. Clan tartan. 
Tartarous 
as an emetie. piirvral i\ >-, <li:i|>hnn tir. -..lUnvc, febrifuge. 
unit, i -iiiitiint. Tartar-emetic ointment 
the specific variety of tartan dress formerly wom by any 
Highland clan. Shepherd's tartan, (a) A woolen eii.th 
made into small checkers of black and white, (ft) The 
Now rolling years have weaned us from jam and raspberry - 
tart. C. S. Caloerley, Visions. 
tartan 1 (tih-'tan), . and a. [Formerly tiirtmn . 
= MI), til-rti l/ii, liri'i'ti-IJll. 1). tiri'lijli. < F. tilT- 
tniin; tirtnine. dial. (Cenevese) Iri'ilniiie, tri- 
ilnini. tartan ("linsie-woolsie," Cotgrave), < 
Sp. tirilaua. a sort of thin silk, a thin woolen 
cloth, prob. so called 
from its tlimsiness, < tiri- 
tnr, tremble, shiver.] I. 
H. 1. A woolen or worst e( I 
cloth woven with lines or 
st ripes of different colors 
The l-r.i<r Tartan. 
check peculiar to this cloth. Mw> shepherd' plaid.- Silk 
tartan, a silk material for women's dresses and men's 
waistcoats, woven In the style of the Scottish clan tartans. 
II. a. Variegated with the cross-barred bands 
and stripes of color characteristic of the Scot- 
tish tartans, or with patterns of a similar kind. 
Scarce to be known by curious eye 
From the deep heather where they lie, 
So well was match'd the tartan screen 
With heath-bell dark and brackens green. 
Scott, L. of the L., III. 31. 
Tartan velvet, velvet with a short nap, woven In patterns 
resembling Scottish tartans. This material has been fash- 
ionable for waistcoats and other wearing-apparel at dif- 
ferent epochs. 
tartan 2 (tiir'tan), n. [Formerly also hirtnnr; 
< V. tartane = Sp. Pg. It. tartana, a vessel BO 
called; prob., with ong. adj. term., < ML. tarta 
(cf. F. taride = Pr. Sp. tarida, < ML. tanVta, 
tareta, other forms of tarta) = MGr. 
rapiTTK, < Ar. 
titriiMi, a 
kind of ves- 
sel specially 
adapted for 
transporting 
horses.] A 
vessel used 
in the Medi- 
torranean 
for com- 
mercial and 
other pur- 
poses. It Is 
furnished with 
a single mast, 
on which is 
rigged a large 
lateen sail, and with a bowsprit and foresail. When the 
wind is aft a squaresai! may be hoisted. 
On the twelfth of December, 1699, 1 set out from Mar- 
seilles to Genoa in a Tartane, and arrived late at a small 
French port called Cassis. 
Additon, Remarks on Italy (Works, ed. Bonn, I. S58X 
tartar 1 (tar'tar), n. [<OF. (alsoF.)tartre = Pr. 
tartan = Su!' tartaro = Pg. It. tartaro, < ML. 
tartarum, MGr. raprapov, tartar incrusting the 
sides of casks ; appar. so called for some fanci- 
ful reason, < L. Tartarus, Gr. Tapropor, Tartarus : 
see Tartarus. The reason given by Paracelsus, 
"because it produces oil, water, tincture, and 
salt, which burn the patient as Tartarun does," 
is evidently imagined; but the word was no 
doubt connected with L. Tartarus in some vague 
way. It is said to be of Ar. origin, but it could 
not come, except by very unusual corruption, 
from the Ar. word given as its source, viz. 
Ar. (and Pers.) durd, dregs, sediment, the tar- 
tar of wine, the mother of oil; cf. Ar. diirdiy, 
Pers. diinli, dregs, sediment; Ar. darad, a 
shedding of the teeth, darda, a toothless wo- 
man referring, according to Devic, to the 
tartar on teeth.] 1. Impure acid potassium 
tartrate, also called argal or arifol, deposited 
from wines completely fermented, and ad- 
hering to the sides of the casks in the form of 
a hard crust, varving from pale pink to dark 
red according as it has separated from white 
or red wines. When tartar Is purified it forms white 
crystals having an acid taste and reaction. This is cream 
of tartar, which Is much used in dyeing, in cookery, and 
also in medicine as a laxative and diuretic. Nee creami. 
Desire of lucre ... is, however, but the tartar that en- 
crusts economy. 
Landar, Imag. Conv., Lord Brooke and sir P. Sidney. 
2. An earthy substance which occasionally con- 
cretes upon the teeth, and is deposited from 
the saliva. It consists of salivary mucus, ani- 
mal matter, and calcium phosphate Cream-of- 
tartar whey, a solution composed of potassium bitar- 
traie two drams and milk one pint. The whey, diluted 
with water, is used as a diuretic in dropsy Sait of tar- 
tar. Seera/d. Soluble tartar, neutral potassium tar- 
trate, obtained by adding cream of tartar to a hot solution 
of potassium carlnHiate till all effervescence ceases. It 
has a mild saline, somewhat bitter taste, and is used as a 
laxative. Tartar emetic, a double tartrate of potassium 
and antimony, an important compound used in medicine 
tartar 1 (tai-'tiir), r. t. [< tiirtiirl. >/.] To im- 
pregnate with tartar; administer tartar to. 
\\ln-n I want physlck for my body, I would not have 
my soule tartarfd. .V. Ward, Simple < 'older, p. 13. 
Tartar- (tiir'tiir), H. [< F. Turin,;- - Sp. Tur- 
in,;, = l\'. It'. T'lrliiro. < L. Tartarus. < <ir. 
Taprapof, the infernal regions: see Tartarus.} 
Same as Tartariui. 
He tooke Caduceus, his snakle wand, 
With which the damned ghosts he govcrnetli, 
Ami furies rales, and Tartan tempereth. 
Sl*tu(er, Mother Hub. Tale, I. 129J. 
Mar. Follow me. 
Sir To. To the gates of Tartar, thou most excellent 
devil of wit ! Shak., T. X., II. 6, 22H. 
Tartar', . and a. See Tain,-. 
tartarated (tar'ta-ra-ted), . [< torteri + 
-nti-1 + -erf 2 .] Combined with tartar: pre- 
pared with tartar. 
Tartarean (tar-ta're-an), . [< L. Tartarean, 
< Gr. laprapriof, of Tartarus (< TAprapof, Tarta- 
rus), -f -an.] Of or pertaining to Tartarus. 
Tartarean sulphur and strange fire. 
His own Invented torments. MiUan, V. L, II. 69. 
tartareous 1 (tiir-tii're-us), . [< tartar 1 + 
-f-ou.~\ 1. Consisting of tartar; resembling 
tartar, or partaking of its properties. 2. In 
hot., having a rough crumbling surface, like 
the thai Ins of some lichens Tartareous moss. 
a lichen, the Ijecaiwra tartarra, which yields the red and 
blue cudbear, and Is the source of litmus. 
Tartareous 2 (tar-ta're-us), a. [< L. Tartarean, 
< Gr. Taprapaof, < "lapra/xx, Tartarus.] Same 
as Tartarean. Milton, P. L., vii. 23S. 
Tartarian, . and . See Tatarian. 
tartaric 1 (tar-tar'ik), a. [= F. tartriqve, < NL. 
tartaricuK, < ML. tartarum, tartar: see tartari.] 
Of , pertaining to, or obtained from tartar Tar- 
taric add, C.jflnOn, the acid of tartar. This acid has four 
modifications, all having the same chemical composition, 
but characterized chiefly by their differences of action 
upon a ray of polarized light common or dextrorotato- 
ry, levorotatory, racemlc or paratartaric, and optically in- 
active or mesotartaric acid. The nrst-named Is the com- 
mercial article. It crystallizes in large rhombic prisms, 
transparent and colorless, and very soluble in water. It 
Is Inodorous, and very sour to the taste. Tartaric acid is 
dibasic ; its salts are called tnrtratfft, and have a most 
remarkable disposition to form double salts, such as Bo- 
chelle salts, double potassium sodium tartrate, tartar 
emetic, double potassium antimony tartrate, etc. Tartaric 
acid is found in the free state in grape-juice, tamarinds, 
and many fruits, but chiefly in the form of acid potassium 
tartrate. It is obtained commercially from this salt, 
called argnt, which deposits in crusts from fermenting 
wines. The purified salt is called cream of tartar. Tar- 
taric acid is largely used in dyeing and calico-printing, and 
also in medicine. 
Tartaric 2 , a. See Tatarif. 
tartarint (tar'ta-rin), n. (X F. tartarin, a king- 
fisher.] 1. The common European kingfisher, 
.4lcedo isjrida. 2. A large baboon, CynocepJia- 
lits liamadryas. 
tartarineH (tar'ta-rin), n. [< tartar 1 + -ine?.] 
Potash. 
tartarine 2 (tar'ta-rin), n. [Also tarteriae; < ME. 
tartarin, < OF. tartarin, < ML. tartarinus, a kind 
of cloth, lit. (sc. pannus) ' Tartar cloth,' also 
called tartarium, < Tartarus, a Tartar: gee Ta- 
tar.] A kind of rich silk or brocade, supposed 
to be made by the Tatars, but probably silk of 
China, India, etc., brought overland by them to 
Europe. Also called tartarium and cloth of 
Tars. Compare terse 1 . A fabric of linen and wool 
used for linings, etc., was also called tartarine In the fif- 
teenth century. 
Item, two quishions of counterfeit an es with my Lords 
armes ; alsoe two paire of curtalnes of green tartarin. 
Test. VetUft., p. 453. (HalUireU.) 
tartariumt (tar-ta'ri-um), w. [ML. : see tarta- 
n'HP 2 .] Same as tartarine^. 
On every tnimpe hanging a broad banere 
I If flne tartarium ful richely bete. 
Flower and Lea/, 1. 212. 
tartarizatipn (tar'ta-ri-za'shon),n. [< tartar- 
/.-r 1 + -atioit.] The act of tartarizing, or of 
forming tartar. 
tartarize 1 (tar'ta-riz), r. (.; pret. and pp. tartar- 
i:i'd, ppr. tartarlzimj. [< tartar 1 + -i;e.] To 
impregnate with tartar; refine by means of the 
salt of tartar.-Tartarixed Iron, tartrate of iron. 
Tartarize-, v. t. See Takirize. 
tartarous 1 (tar'ta-rus),fl. [= F. tartareiu; as 
tnrtnr 1 + -oug.] Containing tartar; consisting 
of tartar, or partaking of its qualities. 
Tartarpus 2 (tar'ta-rus), a. [< Tartar* + -OHS.] 
Of or like a Tatar or Tartar; barbarous. 
I judge him [Virgil) of a rectified spirit, 
By many revolutions of discourse 
(In his bright reason's InflnenceX refined 
From all the tartarmu moods of common men. 
B. Joraon, Poetaster, T. 1. 
