taw 
a solution of alum and salt. Si-r Itnilit-i; Imi- 
II ill!/. 
We much maruel what you mean t buy Heals Mia ami 
Muni tliMii . . . If you send 100 of them ta\rt(l with the 
huire (in, they will bee soldc, or el*e not. 
llakluyft Voyaijes, I. 807. 
h'rnnk. He ' to be maile more tractable, I doubt nut. 
Clara. Yes, if they tun- him, us they do whit-leather, 
IIHIII mi ii'uu, <>r beat him soft lik< shirk iMi 
Beau. Hint PI., Captain, ill. :i. 
3f. To harden or make tough. 
His Kniirklrs kuobde, hi- l!i--ti ilei'jje dinted in, 
\\ itli inn, .I li:in<l> :md luinl yt:inned skin. 
Sii,-krill,\ 1 n.l. t.. .Mir. for Mags., nt. 3d. 
4f. To beat; thnisli. 
You know where you were tawed lately ; hoth lashed 
and slushed you were in Bridewell. 
B. Jonton, Bartholomew Fair, Iv. S. 
5f. To torture; torment. 
They are nut taweJ, nor pluckt asunder with a t In m-andr 
tlicMis:unl i -lies wherwlth other men arc oppressed. 
Chaluiifr, Moriie Encomium, O. 2. (tiares.) 
taw't (ta), 11. [< ME. tinri'. Inn;, tur. < AS. 
i/i'tiiwe (= MLG. tawe, tautre, touwt- = MHO. 
tje-zouwc), implements, tackle, < taician, pre- 
pare, taw: see taw 1 , f.] Implements; tackle. 
taw a t, ". A Middle English variant of tmr'*. 
Cliiiiii'i r. 
taw- 1 (ta), ii. [Also spelled, corruptly, tor; ori- 
gin unknown.] 1. A game at marbles. 
The little ones, . . . 
As happy as we once, to kneel and draw 
The chalky ring, and knuckle down at taw. 
Cowptr, Tirocinium, 1. 807. 
Taw, wherein a number of boys put each of them one 
or two marbles in a ring and shoot at them alternately 
with other marbles, and he who obtains the most of them 
by beating them out of the ring Is the conqueror. 
Strutt, Sports and Pastimes, p. 491. 
2. The line or limit from which the players 
shoot in playing marbles. 
The ground was beaten by many feet to the hardness of 
a floor, and the village boys delighted to play marbles in 
this convenient spot. Their cries of "rounses," "law," 
"dubs," "back licks," and "vent" might often he heard 
there before and after school hours. 
The Century, XXXVI. 78. 
3. A marble. Compare alley-taw. 
His small private box was full of peg-tops, white mar- 
bles (called " alley lawn " in the Vale), screws, birds' eggs, 
etc. T. Hughe*, Tom Brown at Rugby, 1. S. 
To come to taw, to come to a designated line or posi- 
tion ; be brought 1" account. [Colloq., U. S.) 
tawa (tii'wa), it. A New Zealand laurineous 
tree, Beilsehmiedia (Xcsodaphne) Taica, 60 or 70 
feet high, but inferior as timber. 
tawdered(ta'derd),a. [Prop, tawdried; < tair- 
dry + -frf'-*.] Dressed in a tawdry way. [Rare.] 
You see a sort of shabby finery, a number of dirty peo- 
ple of quality tawdered out. 
Lady it. W. JHontagu,To Countess of Bristol, Aug. 22, 1716. 
tawdrily (ta'dri-li), adv. In a tawdry manner. 
tawdriness (ta'dri-nes), n. The state or char- 
acter of being tawdry; excessive display of 
finery; ostentations display without elegance. 
A clumsy beau makes his ungracefulness appear the 
more ungraceful by his tawdriness of dress. 
Itichardton, Clarissa II arlo we. 
tawdrums (ta'drumz), n. pi. [Var. of tawdry.] 
Tawdries; finery. 
No matter for lace and tawdrmni, 
Revenge; or, A Match in Newgate, v. (Davies.) 
tawdry (ta'dri), n. and a. [Formerly also taw- 
ilrii. tiiiiili-i/: orig. in the phrase or compound 
tawdry lace, tawdrie lace, i. e. "Saint Audrey lace, 
a lace bought at St. Audrey's fair, held (it is 
said) at the shrine of St. Audrey in the isle 
of Ely. ' Audrey, Awdrey, formerly also Aiidri/, 
Awdry, is a corruption of Etheldrida, which is 
a Latinized form of AS. Jithclthryth, JEthel- 
drytlt. .-Ktlirlilritli, .Wlirlilnjht.] I. n. ; pi. taw- 
drirn (-driz). A piece of rustic or cheap finery; 
a necklace, as of strung beads; a ribbon. 
(If which [coral] the N aides, and the blue Nereids make 
Them tawdries for their necks. Drayton, Polyolbiou, II. 46. 
II. a. Characterized bycheap finery; gaudy; 
showy and tasteless ; having too much or mis- 
applied ornament; cheap; worthless. 
How many Lords Families (tho descended from Black- 
smiths or Tinkers) hastthou call'd Great and Illustrious? 
. . . Huw many pert coaching Cowards, stout? How many 
taudrif affected Rogues, well dress'd? 
ey, Plain Dealer, v. 1. 
I was quickly sick of this tawdry composition of ribbons, 
silks, and jewels. Addison, Taller, No. 267. 
Him they dignify with the name of poet ; his taicdry 
lampoons are called satires. Goldsmith, Traveller, Ded. 
Syn. Tawdry, (tnudy. That which is tawdry has lost 
whatever freshness or elegance it has had, but is worn as 
if ft were fresh, tasteful, and elegant, or it may be a cheap 
and ostentations imitation of what is rich or costly ; that 
6201 
which \tyaudy challenges the eye by brilliant color or com- 
ImmtiiMiM ! coitus, lint in not in good taste. 
tawdry-lacet i'tii'dri-las), . is.'.' /</// >/,//.] A 
ribbon, liruiil, or the like made for the wear of 
country irls. Compare tawdry, a. 
Klnde your fillets faate. 
And gird iti your waste. 
For more flnenesse, with :i t-iii<i,- lacf. 
SjH-nivr. shep. Cal., April. 
Yon promised me a tawdry-lace. Skat., W. T., Iv. 4. 23S. 
The primrose-chaplet, Itunlrii-laer, and ring 
Thou gav'st her for her singing. 
n-lrhrr, Fiilthfnl Shepherdess, IV. 1. 
tawet, . An obsolete form of l<m ''. 
tawer (ta/er), . [< taw 1 + -er l .~\ One who 
taws skins; a maker of white leather. 
Tanners, tairert, dressers, curriers, sellers of hides or 
skins. S. DoweU, Taxes In England, IV. 822. 
tawery (ta'er-i), n. ; pi. tinn-rim (-i/.). [< tow 1 
+ -''i.'/-] A place where skins are tawed. 
In Parisian lairfrir calves' brains, Intimately mixed 
with wheat flour, are used as a substitute for yelk of egg. 
C. T. Darin, Leather, p. 85ti. 
tawie (ta'i), a. [< tatcl + -ie = -yi.] Tame; 
tractable. [Scotch.] 
tawing (ta'ing), n. [Verbal n. of tarcl, r.] The 
manufacture of leather from raw hides or skins, 
without the use of tannin, by various pro- 
cesses involving treatment with saline sub- 
stances, as common salt, alum, or iron salts, 
or with fatty matters, as fish-oil, neat's-foot 
oil, etc., or by the use of both saline and fatty 
materials together, with prolonged rubbing, 
working, and stretching. Sometimes other animal 
substances or excretions, as urine, dogs'dung, etc. , are used, 
and sometimes also other auxiliary treatment, whereby a 
more or less soft, flexible, durable leather is produced. 
tawneyt, a. An obsolete spelling of tawny. 
tawniness (ta'ui-nes), n. The quality of being 
tawny. Bailey, 1727. 
tawny (ta'ni), . and w. [Formerly also iawnie, 
tawney, Itiniiy, and in her. tenney; < ME. tawnye, 
tauny, tanni, < OF. tonne, tone, F. tannj, dial. 
tune, pp. of tanner, taner, tan: see ton'.] I. a. 1. 
Of a dark- or dull-yellowish color ; tan-colored ; 
fawn-colored; buff. In actual use the word notes 
many shades of color, from pale ocher to swarthy brown, 
and distinctively qualifies the names of various animals. 
The lion Is of about an average tawny color. 
Hys apparell was sad, and so was all the resydeu of hys 
company, with clokes of sad tawnye blake. 
PaitoH Letter*, III. 405. 
King Mully Unmet was not blacke, as many suppose, 
but Molata, or tawnir, as are the most of his subjects. 
Cope. John Smith, True Travels, I. 45. 
Neither do thou lust after that tawney weed tobacco. 
B. Joneon, Bartholomew Fair, fl. 1. 
The poor people and Soldiers do chiefly wear Cotton 
cloath died to a dark tawny colour. 
Dumpier, Voyages, II. L 42. 
Tawny emperor. See emperor. Tawny owl, ^the com- 
mon brown owl, or wood-owl, of Europe, Sffrnivm alucn 
(Strix ftridvla), widely distributed in the western Pale- 
arctic region and resident in Great Britain. Tawny 
thrush, the veery, or Wilson's thrush, Turdiw fwKf*cen, 
one of the four song-thrushes which are common in east- 
ern parts of North America. It Is of the size of the her- 
mit-thrush, but the upper parts are uniformly tawny, a 
paler tone of the same covers the breast, and the pectoral 
spots are small, sparse, confined to a small area, and com- 
paratively light-colored. The bird is a fine songster. See 
cut under veery. 
II. . 1. Tawny color. 2. The bullfinch, 
Pyrrhula ruli/aris : so called from the colora- 
tion of the female. See tonnihood, and cut un- 
der bullfinch. [Prov. Eng.] 3. In her., same 
as It-inn': 
tawny (ta'ni), r. t. ; pret. and pp. tawnied, ppr. 
taionyinfl. [< taicny, .] To make tawny; tan. 
The Snnne so soone the painted face will tawny. 
Breton, Mother's Blessing, p. 9. (Dame*.) 
tawny-coatt (ta'ni-kot), n. An ecclesiastical 
apparitor : so called from the color of the liv- 
ery. Eneyc. Diet. 
Down with the tnirnn-ti*tt* .' 
5Aa*.,lHen.VI., Hi. 1.74. 
tawpawkie (ta-pil'ki), n. [Alaskan.] The 
tufted puffin, Lunda eirrata. See cut under 
/<.0fn. //. II'. Elliott. 
tawpie, . See taujne. 
taws, tawse (taz), . [< frurl, q. v.] A leather 
strap, usually with a slit or fringe-like end, used 
as an instrument of punishment by schoolmas- 
ters and others. [Scotch.] 
Never use the taiexe when a gloom can do the turn. 
Itammy. 
tax (taks), . [< ME. taxen, < OP. (and F.) 
itu'i-r = Pr. tuiar = OSp. taasar, Sp. ttisar = 
Pg. taxar = It. tassare, < L. taxare, handle, rate, 
value, appraise, tax, censure, ML. also charge, 
burden, task ; prob. for 'tagxare, freq. (with for- 
mative -n) of tatujcre (/ tag), pp. ttictun, touch : 
tax 
see tangent, take, and cf. tart, tnxti-i, from the 
same source, and tank, nit. the same verb in a 
transposed form.) I. trtmx. 1. Tolay a bunli-n 
or burdens on; makr demands upon; put to a 
rrrtain strain; tusk: a~. to liu mic'> rin-niury. 
O, good my lord, tax not so bad a voiee 
To slander music any more than once. 
Shak., Much Ado, Ii. :;. 4ti. 
Friend, your fugue taxes tlte 
Brooming, M 
. 
Master Huguen of .Saxe-Ootha. 
Nenrousness is especially common among classe* of 
people who tax tlieir brains much. 
// Spencer, Prin. of Blol., I 82. 
2. To subject to the payment .of t \-s ; ini|m>ii- 
a tax on; levy money or other contributions 
from, as from subjects or eiti/.euK, to meet the 
expenses of government: as, to Uu laud, com- 
modities, or income; to tax a people. 
lie taxed the land to give the money. -J Ki xxlll. 85. 
I would not tax the needy commons. 
Shak., 2 Hen. VI., 111. 1. 116. 
3. In the New Testament, to register (persons 
and their property) for the purpose of impos- 
ing tribute. 
There went out a decree from Ciesar Augustus, that all 
the world should be taxed (enrolled, R. V. |. Luke II. 1. 
4. In law, to examine and allow or disallow 
items of charge for costs, fees, or disburse- 
ments: as, the court taxes bills of cost. 5. To 
accuse; charge; take to task: with of or (as now 
commonly) with before the thing charged. 
Stiffly to stand on this, and proudly approve 
The play, might tax the maker o/ .Self-love. 
U. Jonton, Cynthia's Revels, Epll. 
They who tax others of Vanity and Pride have com- 
monly that sordid Vice of Covetouiness. 
II-- .11. Letters, It. 8. 
All Confess there never was a more Learned Clergy : no 
Man taxei them mil, Ignorance. Selden, Table Talk, p. 87. 
Before Charles comes, let me conceal myself somewhere 
then do you tax him on the point we have been talking, 
and his answer may satisfy me at once. 
Sheridan, School for Scandal, Iv. 3. 
6. To take to task ; censure; blame. 
Be that wrote the Satyr of Hers Ploughman seemed to 
haue been a malcontent of that time, and therefore bent 
himselfe wholy to taxe the disorders of that age. 
Putttnham, Arte of Eng. Poesle, p. 50. 
The wanton shall tax my endeavours as ridiculous. 
knowing their own Imperfections. 
l-'nnl. Honour Triumphant, III. 
Dear as he is to us, and dear to thee, 
Yet must I tax his sloth that claims no share 
With his great brother in his martial care. 
Pope, Iliad, x. ISO. 
H.t intrans. To indulge in ridicule or satire. 
In those dayes when the Poets first taxed by Satyre and 
Comedy, there was no great store of Kings or Emperors 
or such high estats. . . . They could not say of them or of 
their behauiours any thing to the purpose. 
J'riitt-iilKiiti, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 26. 
I did sometimes laugh and scoff with Lucian, and sa- 
tirically tax with Menippus. 
Burton, Anat. of Mel., To the Reader, p. 17. 
tax (taks), n. [< ME. tax, taxe, < OF. (and F.) 
taxe = Pr. tiim = OSp. tasxa, Sp. tasa = Pg. 
tii.ru = It. tasna, < ML. tn.ru. also tawa, a taxa- 
tion, tax, < L. taxare, touch, rate, appraise, esti- 
mate: see tax, v. Cf. fault, .] 1. A disagree- 
able or burdensome duty or charge; an exac- 
tion; a requisition; an oppressive demand: 
strain; burden; task. 2. An enforced propor- 
tional contribution levied on persons, proper- 
ty, or income, either (a) by the authority of the 
state for the support of the government, and 
for all its public or governmental needs, or 
(6) by local authority, for general municipal 
purposes. In a more general sense the word Includes 
assessments on specific properties benefited by a local Im- 
provement, for the purpose of paying expenses of that 
Improvement. Taxes, in the stricter sense, are direct when 
demanded from the very persons who it Is supposed as a 
general thing will bear their burden : as, for example, poll- 
taxes, land or property taxes, Income taxes, taxes for keep- 
ing man-servants, carriages, or dogs. Taxes are said to be 
indirect when they are demanded from persons who it is 
supposed as a general thing will indemnify themselves 
at the expense of others that is, when they are levied 
on commodities before they reach the consumer, and are 
paid by those upon whom they ultimately fall, not as 
taxes, but as part of the market price of the commodity 
(Cooky) : as, for example, the taxes called curfoin*, which 
are imposed on certain classes of Imported goods, and 
those called excite duties, which are imposed on certain 
home manufactures and articles of inland production. 
In the United States all state and municipal taxes are 
direct, and are levied upon the assessed values of real 
and personal property, while the revenue required for 
general governmental purposes is derived from indirect 
taxes upon certain imports, and upon whisky, tobacco, 
etc. In the United Kingdom the governmental revenues 
are derived from both direct and indirect sources from 
taxes on income, stamps, dogs, etc., from imposts on a few 
imported articles of consumption, especially tea, spirits, 
tobacco, and wines, and from excise duties. House taxes, 
or taxes on rental, form the largest part of the local rev- 
