telautograph 
the eharaet eristics of a telegram; he ...... . brief: 
eoiieise; sneeinet. [ICeeenl.] /"</'. 
connected hy cords to mechanism by means of which the 
motions of the pen cause a pulsatory current to pass Into 
two telegraph-line wires. This, pulsatory currents pro- ,, 
duce rapid pulsatory motion of th* armatures of a sy*t > m telegrapn(tel e-grat),H. L=r. 
i,f electr igncts, hy means of which the KoeMng-pen I, lujril I" = I'g. ti l/i'n jilui = It. 
i i ,ii,e,l I, itollowthe motion. softlietransniitt, r. Another (clt'iirilllf = <i li/il/rilllll = Sw. DaU. 
electromagnetic arrangement lifts the receiving-pen oil ' . . J_ x' ( T n'/i imiiw (all after 
th, .paperatlllccndofeachwordol line, and still another = KlISS. /C/fl/r/tt = K lll MWT 
serves to move Hi,- paper forward for the next line. K.), < dr. 7/,/f, afar, + Ypfyeiv, write.J 1. An 
teld't (tcld), . (MK. ''/,/, < AS. lihl, i/i'-tt-ltl = apparatus for transmitting intelligible DMi 
Ml). li-ldi- (!. :<-\t leel. fjiilil = Sw. tiilt = sages to a distance. In this general sense It in- 
cludes the original temaphore-telegrapht ; mechanical trlf- 
yraph* for sending messages short distances, as from 
Dan. tilt, a tent. Henee lilt-. \ A tent. 
teld't (telil), r. I. [OIK. //////; <//7//l,n.] 1. 
Tn set up (atent); pitch; in general, In si 
telegraph 
nun nts through the two circuits give motion* In t" 
< to the pen. Tin- pen thus gives a 
Ine.ti ..... ir the other, or ill neurve that I- 
ultaiit of I Kith movement... and this trace Is a liti ml 
Don of the message writti n h) the transmuting pern il. 
The i-lei troi 'In mi -al systems of telegraphy all give a rec- 
ord,. f the message, and the tianMnittiinj device, whether 
a Morse key or Kimeaiitomiilii mechanism, hrcaksor, 
the circuit and thus either spells the meiwaKe in t he M , - . 
alphabet, or copies it from writing or a drawing piop. ily 
arranged at the transmitting end. The receiving appara- 
tus In all these systems depends on the fact that If a cur- 
rent of electricity Is made to pass through a piece of pa- 
in chemicals, a discoloration of the 
Sir Gawiyne ami II,,- <:r,;-n Kni,ih< (K. K. T. S.), I. 1048, 
2. To lodge in a tent. 
Vn-to me tolde god on a tydc, 
Wher I was teldt vnder a true, 
-_,._ --- per moistened In certaii. 
the pilot house to the engine-room of a steamer; piu-u- , m , xr appears wherever the current passes. The first 
'' "!' watte telegraph!, in which compressed air In a tube serves practical system Is that of Bain of Edinburgh, which was 
to transmit a message; hydraulic Ule<jraphf, in which 
rraphi, In which 
; air in tin- tutu' ; 
uessage. _ 
a column of water takes the place of the : 
flushing lights, as from a heliotrope,, and any appliance 
for signaling, as Hags or lanterns. Nearly all of these ap- 
pliances are recognized as tiynalinj apjiaratu*, and are 
now so called. (See riyiuil and annunciator.) In Its later 
Hi- .- ii.!. mi - '! shiilde multyplye. and more restricted seiise, the name U applied to some 
) urk I'layl, p. M. form of apparatus employing electricity ami transmitting 
nore thaiYmcre calls or signals. Telegraphs may be di- 
flded Into two classes : the electromechanical telegraph*, or 
those In which the messages are received hy means of some 
mechanical device operated hy electricity ; and the electro- 
' which the message is NOOTM ami 
:hemlcal effect proiliM-i il liy 
both systems being si ni or 
transmitted by some mechanical m'eans. The [/<' 
chanical telegraph* may be again divided Into two classes : 
those In which the message is received or read by sight 
(Including those In which It Is printed or recorded), and 
those In which it is read by sound. ThcrfecfrumecAanteai 
teleyrapht are In some Instances actuated by means of an 
electromagnet, and for this reason they are called electro- 
magnetic teteirraphn. This name has sometimes been given 
to all electrodynamlc telegraphs, but it appears properly 
to belong to the electromechanical telegraphs which em- 
ploy electromagnetism, and particularly to the Morse sys- 
tem. There Is also an electromechanical tclryraph actuated 
teld-t. An obsolete preterit and past participle 
of ./-//I. 
Telea (tC-'lc-ii), , [NL. (Hubner, 1816).] A 
genus of bombycid moths, e reeled for the poly- chanical tele,rrnphn, In which the 
phenius silkworm-moth, '/'. i>li//>li< HUM, a large ^"t"'^., thTni'essages'ln bott: 
ami liaiiilsiune American species, which pro- 
duces a coarse and durable silk. See II,,/I/I,IH- 
ni ii.i, 5. 
teleanemograph(tel*e-a-nem'o-graf), n. [< Gr. 
T/;?.f, afar, far, far off,' far away, + K. anemo- 
graph. ] An anemograph that records at a dis- 
tance by means of electricity, 
telebarograph (tel-e-bar'o-graf ), n. [ ir. T?Af, 
afar, + E. Im mil ra )>>>.'} A barograph that re- 
eoi-.ls at a ilistanee by means of electricity, 
telebarometer (tel"e-ba-roin'c-ter), n. [< Gr. 
Tf,M, afar, + E. barometer.} A barometer that j^j;~ r ___;,- cond"uctorr<*)"a lattery, or 6ther's,.urcc of 
registers its indications at a distance by means electricity ; (a) a trantmitting initrument, or device for con- 
of electric registering apparatus. necting or disconnecting the line-wire with the battery, or 
4.1oJ /(-ol'<,5l TfcS stinkini? badffer of for changing the polarity of the current sent over th, ua 
teledu (tel e-do), M. ine stinKing oaagc r w | re . am i ( 4) ar e i M - r , r indicating or recording appara- 
Java and Sumatra, ayihtua meliccps. tus Tne linf.mre is, for land lines, most commonly of 
Iron, but sometimes of steel covered with a copper tube, 
and frequently also (especially on the rapid circuits in Eng 
land) of hard drawn copper and, for the local connections 
with the battery or instruments, of copper. The source 
of electricity may be a battery or a dynamo. The trans- 
mitter or receiver may vary greatly according to the sys- 
tem In which it Is used. In the electromechanical systems 
In which the message is read by sight, two different re- 
ceivers are employed. The first of these, the needle tele- 
graph of Cooke and Wheatstone of England, has a line- 
wire, a battery, and a simple device for reversing the cur- 
rent by the movement of a handle. The receiver Is a nee- 
dle supported on a horizontal bar, free to turn to the right 
or left, and provided with an index needle, placed in front 
of a dial, to show the deflections. The needle is within a 
coil of wire through which the current from the line 
passes, the whole forming an electric multiplier or gal- 
vanoscope. The message Is indicated by an alphabet of 
motions, deflections to one side being read as the dots 
and to the other as the dashes of the Morse alphabet. 
This system is still used on some unimportant circuits 
and on some of the railway lines in England. It Is large- 
ly In use for long submarine cables, Thomson's mirror- 
galvanoscope being used. This receiver consists essen- 
tially of a galvanometer, the needle of which carries a 
small mirror that reflects a beam of light from a lamp 
upon a screen. The minute movements of the needle are 
thus rendered visible on a large scale, and the vibrations 
of the spot of light serve to spell the message. The sec- 
ond sight reading system is the dial-telegraph; it employs 
a dial and Index or pointer for a receiver. The letters are 
placed round the edge of the dial, and the index travels 
East Siberian Telega. round the dial from letter to letter till the right one is 
reached, when a slight pause indicates that the letter was 
long, unprovided with springs, and set upon the signaled from the transmitting end of the line. This syr 
meluefs). 
telega (te-la'gii), n. [Buss, tcliega, a cart or 
wagon.] A cai-t or sort of box, about six feet 
wheels: a Russian vehicle. 
Small unpainted one-horse telegat, which look like lon- 
gitudinal halves of barrels mounted on four wheels. 
The Century, XXXVI. 11. 
telegram (tel'e-gram), n. [= F. Mi'i/nimme = 
Sp. ItUgrama = Pg. It. ttlegramma = D. lelc- 
irrtim = G. telegranim = Sw. Dan. telegram = 
Russ. teteynimma = NUr. r/i/tyi>afitui (all after 
E.) ; < Gr. rfjM, afar, + -ypafi/ia, a writing. The 
correct form would be "telegropheiiie, from a Gr. 
type reflected in the NGr. Tr/).r)'p6<tn//ia, a tele- 
gram, < Triteypa<tifiir, telegraph, < Gr. Tfjfo, afar, 
+ }/>ri</>tfi>, write.] A communication sent by 
telegraph; a telegraphic message or despatch. 
A New Word. A friend desires us to give notio* that 
he will ask leave, at some convenient time, to Introduce 
a new word Into the vocabulary. The object of this pro- 
posed innovation is to avoid the necessity, now existing, 
of using two words for which there Is very frequent occa- 
sion, where one will answer. It is Tthfram. instead of 
Telegraphic Despatch, or Telegraphic Communication. . . . 
Ti It L.'raph means to write from adiatance TW'vmiw, the 
writing itself, executed from a distance. Monogram, IA*K- 
ogram,etc., are words formed upon the same analogy and in 
good acceptation. Albany Evening Journal, April 6, 1852. 
I sent a telegram (oh that I should live to see such a 
word introduced into the English language !). 
Buhnrr, What will he Do with it? (1858), xii. 11. 
To milk a telegram, to make use surreptitiously of a 
telegram designed lor another. See milk, r. t., . |sl:mi:. 1 
telegrammic (tel-5-gnun'ik), a. [< telegram + 
tern is use, I for private lines and for local circuits where 
speed of transmission is not important. The Monetyftem 
employs a line-wire, battery, and circuit-breaker or Morse 
key as a transmitter, and now very commonly uses a tound- 
er as a receiving instrument, the slight clicking sound of 
the Instrument clearly indicating the letters of the alpha- 
bet. This system has developed from the recording tele- 
graph which was invented by Morse of New York, and 
was first tried on a commercial scale between Baltimore 
and Washington In 1844. (See Home telegraph, below.) 
The electromechanical systems In which the message is 
automatically recorded as it Is received include the Morse 
system using the Morse receiver, the chemical telegraphs, 
the printing telegraphic systems, the stock-reporting tele- 
graphs, the syphon recorder, and the writing-telegraphs. 
A number of telegraphic-printing systems have been in- 
vented, the object being to print the message directly on 
paper as fast as received. Of these, the systems of llinwe 
and Hvghet were successfully worked in the United States, 
and a modification of Hughes's apparatus, the electromotor 
printing telegraph of Phelps, is still used by the Western 
Union Company. Hughes s apparatus is still used In Eu- 
rope, especially in France. Several simpler forms of type 
printing-telegraphs are used as stock-printers and private- 
line telegraphs. The telegraph of Cowper, and the telau- 
tograph (which see) of Elisha Gray are examples of fac- 
simile- or writing telegraphs. In the former system two 
wires are used, and the message is transmitted by varying 
the intensity of the currents in the double line. The trans- 
mitter consists of a pencil connected by means of light 
rods with metal plates joined together through resistance- 
coils. Tlie message is written on a band of paper passing 
under the pen.-il. ami every movement of the pencil causes 
one or both of the rods to move over the plates, and change 
the resistance in the circuits. The receiver consists of a 
pen held upright, and Joined by means of threads to the 
-ic.J Of or pertaining to a telegram; having armaturcsof twomagnets placed so that variations of the 
practic 
used for some time !>oth In England and In America. Sev 
era! forms of copying telegraphs exist, but are little used. 
It was early recognized in the history of telegraphy that 
the costof sending messages could be reduced if im.n than 
one message could be sent over a line-wire at one time, or 
If the speed of transmission could be made very great. Of 
the many systems designed to accomplish this, five sre In 
actual nse, and two have been adopted throughout the 
r n it e, I Male, and n ....... r I.--, ia ol liei i oiniti i, - I! ..... 
systems are the duplex of Stearns, 1872 ; the quadruple! of 
Edison, 1874 (see duplex telegraph, below) ; the hannamc 
of (iray, 1874 ; the rapid tyitem, 1880; and the tunehronma 
a/stem, 1884. The harmonic tyttem depends on the prop- 
c'rty possessed by sonorous bodies of responding to vi- 
brations corresponding to their own pitch or rate of vi- 
brations. A vibrating reed Is used to transmit over the 
line a series of electrical impulses exactly corresponding 
to Its rate of vibrations. At the receiving end of the line 
is another reed that vibrates at the same rate as long as 
connected with the line, giving to the ear of the operator 
an apparently continuous note. By means of a Morse key 
this continuous tone In both reeds maybe broken up Into 
the letters of a message. Besides this, If two or more 
reeds sre placed at the sending end of the line, and an 
equal number having the same pitches at the receiving 
end of the line, all may transmit their rate of vibration to 
the current, and each receiving reed will select its own 
note and no other. By the use of a Morse key to each 
pair, it thus becomes possible to transmit as many mes- 
sages as there are pairs of reeds over the same wire at the 
same time. The so-called rapid tyttem of telegraphy is 
an electrochemical system, with automatic transmitting 
and receiving instruments. The message Is first prepared 
by punching a series of holes in a strip of paper, each per- 
foration or group of perforations representing a letter. 
This strip of paper is then made to pass rapidly under 
metal points connected with the line. At each perfora- 
tion, one of the points passes through the paper and closes 
the circuit through the line-wire. At the receiving end, 
each closing of the circuit makes a stain on a band of pre- 
pared paper drawn rapidly under a stylus in connection 
with the line. Both the transmission and the recording 
of the message are automatic, and a laige number of mes- 
sages can be sent over one wire in a short time. The *yn- 
chronaut tyttem is wholly electromechanical, and Is based 
on the phonic wheel of La Cour. This Invention employs 
a wheel divided radially into a number of sections, every 
alternate section being connected with the battery, and the 
alternating sections being connected by wire to the earth. 
A trailing needle connected wit h the line-wire rests on the 
upper side of the wheel, and as the wheel revolves it touches 
every section In turn, connecting the line with the battery 
at one section and being cut out at the next. Two wheels 
are used, one at each end of the line, and as each needle 
on the two wheels touches the same section the circuit Is 
closed through the line, and then broken as the needles 
touch the next sections. In the synchronous system branch 
wires extend from each wheel, every branch being con- 
nected with a number of sections, and, as the wheels turn, 
these branches are connected with the line a number of 
times in a second, or often enough to be practically always 
joined to the line, and thus messages may be sent hy the 
Morse or other system. I'nward of seventy branch wires 
may be connected with eacn end of a line-wire, every pair 
having the line to Itself In succession, and yet with suffi- 
cient rapidity to be, as far as sight or sound is concerned, 
wholly independent of all others. The phonic wheel is 
In this system made useful on a commercial scale In teleg- 
raphy. 
2. A telegraphic message or despatch ; a tele- 
gram. Trollope. [Kare.] Acoustic telegraph. 
See acoustic. Autographic telegraph. See autograph- 
ie. Automatic signal telegraph, a system used for 
transmitting fire-alarms. In which the number of the box 
from which the alarm is sent is automatically struck or 
registered. Automatic telegraph, a system in which 
the signals are transmitted automatically, generally by 
the use of bands of paper perforated with holes which 
In form and arrangement represent the message to be 
sent. The paper moves rapidly between two parts or 
poles of the circuit, which Is complete during the passage 
of a perforation, but broken at other times. The per- 
forated slips may be quickly prepared and by persons not 
skilled in telegraphy, so that economy as well as great 
rapidity is secured by their use. Automatic type- 
writer telegraph, a teleitraphlc system In which the 
transmitter consists of a keyboard similar to that of a 
type-writer, and which prints the message at the receiv- 
ing end. Chemical telegraph. See def. l.- Copying 
telegraph Same as autnirraphic telegraph. Dial-tele- 
graph. See def. 1. Duplex telegraph, a telegraphic 
system arranged for double transmission, or the sending 
of two messages at the same time over one line, in opposite 
directions. Several methods for accomplishing this have 
been devised, one of the most successful being the differ- 
ential system, In which the electromagnet at each end is 
so wound that if the key at the distant station is not 
closed, the current divides equally, one half going to earth 
and the other half to the distant point, while the instru- 
ment at hand Is not affected. In this way each receiving 
instrument Is active only when the distant operator closes 
his key. Each operator has thus control of the receiving 
instrument of the other, and double transmission without 
interference becomes possible. In the quadruple* tele- 
graph four messages are transmitted on one line at the 
same time. Various systems of multiplex telegraphy have 
