temerarious 
6221 
temiak (tem'i-ak), H. [Kxkimo.] A jacket worn 
by Eskimo men and women. See jumper-. 
it.i St.irlinj; (TfifHitihHs f<iix1rnm). 
that happens by chance, imprudent, < ttmere, 
by chanrr, at random, ni.shly : sn- lfm< riti/, trin- 
erowtf.] Heedless or careless of consequences ; 
unreasonably venturous; reckless; headstrong; 
inconsiderate; rash; careless. 
I spake against temerarious judgment. 
iMtitnrr, 4th Sermon bef. Edw. VI., 1649. 
temerariouslyt (trm-e-ra'ri-us-H), adv. In a 
temerarious or presumptuous manner ; rashly ; 
inconsiderately. 
It asserts and enacts that they have no right, as they 
" temerariously presume, and nsurpedly take on them* 
selves, to he parcel of the body. In manner claiming that 
without their assents nothing can be enacted at any par- 
liament within this land." Hallam. (Imp. Diet.) 
temerationt (tem-e-ra'shon), . [< LL. tcmera- 
tio(n-), a dishonoring or profaning, < L. teme- 
nin , pp. ti'/iK-ratuft, violate, pollute, lit. 'treat 
rashly, < temere, rashly, at random.] Contami- 
nation; profanation; pollution. 
Those cryptic ways of institution by which the ancients 
did hide a light, and keep it in a dark lantern from the 
itineration of ruder handlings and popular preachers. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1836), II. 121. 
temerity (te-mer'i-ti), n. [= P. temfrit^ = Pr. 
ti'Hif-ritat = 8p. temrrulad = Pg. temeridadc = 
It. temerita, (. L. ti mi'riln(t-)s, chance, accident, 
rashness, < temere, by chance, casually, rash- 
ly. Cf. temerous.] Extreme venturesomeness ; 
rashness ; recklessness. 
The temerity that risked the fate of an empire on the 
chances of a single battle. llattam. Middle Ages, 1. 4. 
It appears to me that I cannot, without exposing my- 
self to the charge of temerity, seek to discover the [Im- 
penetrable] ends of Deity. 
Descartes, Meditations (tr. by Veitch), iv. 
= Syn. Rashness, Temerity (see rashness); venturesome- 
nesH, presumption, foolhardiness. 
temerous (tem'e-rus), a. [< ML. temet-iis, devel- 
oped after the analogy of other adjectives as 
related to adverbs in -e, < L. temere, by chance, 
rashly: see temerity, temerarious.] Heedless; 
rash ; reckless. [Rare.] 
Temeroits tauntresse that delights in toyes. 
Vneertaine Authors, Act. an I'nstedfast Woman. 
I have not the trmermts intention of disputing for a 
moment. Atlatttic Monthly, I.XI. 281. 
temerously (tem'e-ms-li), ailr. Heedlessly; 
nislily: recklessly!' [Rare.] 
Not that I tewerotutly difniic any- 
thing to come. 
Up. Hale, Image, ii. fol. 69. 
temia (to'mi-il), ?i. A bird of 
the genus i'ri/pxirliiiia of 
Vieillot, ('. rarians. 
Tcmia (Cry/iirkina variant). 
Sealskin tfini-its, or jumpcm. wen- t I 
only ill winily r;ithef, :ih'l were lint lit!]. il-< <i 
A. tr.<;n:-l;i, Art-lie Semee. p. -.'o-. 
Temminck's sandpiper <T stint. Sec stint, :!. 
Temnorhis (ti-ni'no-n>j. . | Nl,., < Cr. ri/ivnv, 
fill, + />if, nose.] In in mill., same as Sutlmrn 
temp. An abbreviation of Latin t<m/,r, , in tin- 
time, or in the time of. 
The history of the Cardinal of S. Praxedes, who made 
It [the family of BainbrlggeJ famous, temp. Henry \ 1 1 1 
X. andQ., 7th scr., M B, 
Tempean (tfm'i>i;-an,i, . [< L. Tempe, < Or. 
TM/,-;/. cunt raction of Tf/mea, pi., Tempe (see 
drf.) in Thessaly.] Of, pertaining l<>, nr re- 
sembling Tempo, a beautiful vale in Thessaly, 
ct'lfbraN'd by tin- flassif poets. 
temper (tem"'per), r. [< MK. lim/wii, tem- 
l>in n, li-iii/ii'i n. < AS. * Ii iii]>riitn = ( M-'. ti iiijin-r, 
P. tremper = Pr. temprar, trcmpar = Sp. I* m- 
/ilur = 1'g. ti-iiipi-rnr = It. li-iii/ii nn-i-, < L. tem- 
/ rare, divide or proportion duly, mingle in 
aue proportion, qualify, temper, regulate, rule, 
intr. observe measure, be moderate or temper- 
ate, < tempux, time, fit season : see temporal 1 . 
Cf. tamper, v. Hence also ult. attemper, attem- 
perate, contemper, distemper^, temperate, etc.] 
1. trans. 1. To modify by mixing; mix; blend; 
combine; compound. 
And other Trees, that beren Venym ; azenst the whiche 
there Is no Medlcyne but on ; and that is to taken here 
propre Levee, and stampe hem and tempere hem with 
Wat re, and than drynke It. Mandemlle, Travels, p. 189. 
In temperynge his colours, he lacked good size. 
Sir T. Elyot, The Ooyernour, 111. 19. 
The queen, sir, very oft Importuned me 
To temper poisons for her. 
Shot., Cymbelinc, T. 5. 260. 
2. To combine in due proportions; constitute; 
adjust; tit. 
But God hath tempered the lx>dy together: . . . that 
there ihould be no schism in the body, but that the mem- 
bers should have the same care one for another. 
I Cor. ill. 24, 25. 
Who of us can live content, as we are tempered, without 
some hero to admire and worship? 
H. Btahttell, Sermons for New Life, p. 57. 
Either this being should not have been made mortal, or 
mortal existence should have been tempered to his qual- 
ities. Uatcthorne, Seven Gables, Ix. 
3. To moisten, mix, and work up into proper 
consistency ; prepare by moistening, mixing, or 
kneading. 
After the clay has been allowed to *' mellow, or ripen," 
In pits, under water, it is passed through the pug-mill 
ana well kneaded or tempered. Ure, Diet., III. 997. 
To temper clay means to mix it thoroughly, and prepare 
it for the use of the moulder, who must have it in a con- 
dition not too soft nor yet too hard, but In a suitable state 
of plasticity to he easily and solidly moulded into bricks. 
C. T. Davit, Bricks and Tiles, p. 106. 
4. To modify or qualify by blending: as, to 
temper indignation with pity. 
I shall temper so 
Justice with mercy as may illustrate most 
Them fully satisfied, and thee appease. 
Milt",!. P. L., i. 77. 
The young and happy are not ill pleased to temper their 
life with a transparent shadow. 
Hawthorne, Seven Gables, ix. 
Hence 5. To restrain; moderate; mitigate; 
soften ; tone down the violence, severity, or 
harshness of ; mollify ; soothe ; calm, 
gff thou tyne/ that toun, tempre thyn yre 
As thy mcrsy may malte thy nieke to spare. 
Alliterative Poems (ed. Morris), ii. 775. 
The waters whereof, teinperatly drunken, did exceed- 
ingly temper the braine, ana take away madnease. 
PurchaJt, Pilgrimage, p. 382. 
"God tempers the wind," said Mhria, "to the shorn 
lamb." Sterne, Sentimental Journey (Maria). 
Gloomy canopies of stone, that temper the sunlight as 
it streams from the chapel windows. 
J. A. Symonds, Italy and Greece, p. 173. 
6. In mimic, to tune or adjust the pitch of (the 
tones of an instrument of fixed intonation, like 
an organ or pianoforte), with reference to a 
selected principle of tuning. The term Is also ex- 
tended to the tones and intervals of the voice and of in- 
struments of free intonation. See temperament. 
7t. To attune. 
He (Orpheus) wonte hym to the bowses of helle, and 
there he temprede hise blaundyssynge soonges hyresown- 
ynge strenges. Chaveer, Boethius, ill. meter 12. 
Meanwhile the rural ditties were not mute, 
Temper'd to the oaten flute. Milton, Lycidas, 1. 33. 
8t. To govern : control ; regulate ; train. 
He tempreth the tonge to-trenthe-ward and no tresore 
couelteth. Piers Plmrman (B), xlv. 308. 
Cato . . . was so moche inflamed in the desire of lern- 
ynge that . . . he coulde nat tempre him selfe In redyng 
Greke bokes whylts the Senate was slttynge. 
Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, Hi. 24. 
temper 
9. To bring to a proper ili-grci- of lianlnesK ami 
elastieity fur use. n> steel or other metal, steel 
IH tenipereil hy helm; llrwt In-ateil to :i liifli lernjieiatm.-, 
anil tilen mpiilly < ftoleil ; it ih tin n I. heat e I I., tin- -I 
It in jienit tire, ami et>tiletl again. Tin- sn if ai-. of steel w hen 
Ihii- M IH ati 'I nnilelKoejt a rt-Kiiliir Mieei-HKion t.f eh 
of etilor, [tinl them- inilieate exactly when the proi-ena is to 
In stupj,, <l in or.ler that the riyht Imr.lnesH muy be se- 
i iin il. The following table exhibits the tinier of MI< i e.- 
siou of the 1-olnrs- shown by the steel in tenijK-ring, also 
the degree of the thermometer at whieh that color ap- 
Crs, and some of the articles for which that especial 
dness Ii best suited : 
Temperature. Color. Article. 
430 Very pale yellow ..Lancets. 
450 .Straw-yellow Razors and surgical 
instrument*. 
400 Brownish yellow . i'cuwors, chisels. 
510 Purplish brown ... Axes, planes. 
580 Purple Table cutlery. 
560 Light blue Springs, saws. 
560 Dark blue Fine saws, augurs. 
600 Itlackl.li him Hand-saws. 
Our men that went to dlscouer those parts hail hut two 
iron pickaxes with them, and those so 111 tempered that 
the points t in in. I agalne at euery stroake; but trial] was 
made of the Oare, with argument of much hope. 
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 781. 
The temper'd metals chub, and yield a sliver sound. 
Itryden, Xaeid, vlii. 689. 
10f. To dispose. 
TIs she 
That tempers him to this extremity. 
Shall., Rich. III., I. 1. 65. 
H. iii trans. If. To accord; keep agreement. 
Few men rightly temper with the stars. 
Shot., 3 Hen. VI., iv. 6. 29. 
2. To become soft and plastic ; be molded ; ac- 
quire a desired quality or state. 
I have him already tempering between my finger and my 
thumb. Shalt., 2 Hen. IV., Iv. 3. 140. 
temper (tem'per), n. [= It. tempera, tempra, 
temper, kind, sort, tempera; from the verb.] 
1. Mixture or combination of different ingre- 
dients or qualities, especially in the way and 
the proportions best suited for some specific 
purpose : as, the temper of mortar. 2. Consti- 
tution ; consistency ; form ; definite state or 
condition. 
Yorick wag just bringing my father's hypothesis to some 
temper. Sterne, Tristram Shandy, ix. 32. 
3f. Temperament. 
The exqulslteness of his [Christ's] bodily temper In- 
creased the cxqufsiteness of his torment. 
Fuller, Pisgah Sight, I. 345. (Trench.) 
4. Disposition of mind; frame of mind; incli- 
nation; humor; mood: as, a calm temper; a 
hasty temper; a sullen or a fretful temper. 
A creature of a most perfect and divine temper ; one In 
whom the humours and elements are peaceably met, with- 
out emulation of precedency. 
B. Jonson, Cynthia's Revels, II. 1. 
Grave Henry hath succeeded him In all things, and is a 
gallant Gentleman, of a French Education and Temper. 
Ilowtll, Letters, I. Iv. 15. 
Such as have a knowledge of the town may easily class 
themselves with tempers congenial to their own. 
Goldsmith, Various Clubs. 
It may readily be Imagined how little such thwarting 
agrees with the old cavalier's nery temper. 
Irmng, Sketch- Book, p. 388. 
6f. Calmness of mind ; temperateness ; moder- 
ation; self-restraint; tranquillity; good tem- 
per. 
You are too suspicious, 
And I have borne too much beyond my temper. 
Fletcher, Double Marriage, i. 1. 
The Emperor heard the Heralds with great Temper, and 
answered Clarencieux very mildly. 
Baker, Chronicles, p. 275. 
How could I think with tetnper of passing my days 
among Yahoos? Hni.fl. Gullivers Travels, Ir. 10. 
6. Heat of mind or passion ; irritation ; dispo- 
sition to give way to anger, resentment, or the 
like : as, he showed a great deal of temper. 7. 
Middle character or course ; mean or medium ; 
compromise. [Obsolete or archaic.] 
A temper between (the opinions of | France and Oxford. 
John Hampden, quoted by Macaulay, Nugent's Hampden. 
They made decrees of toleration, and appointed tempers 
and expedients to be drawn up by discreet persons. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 183.1), II. 287. 
The perfect lawgiver is a just temper between the man 
of theory, who can see nothing but general principles, and 
the mere man of business, who can see nothing hut par. 
ticular circumstances. Macaulay. 
8. The state of a metal, particularly as to its 
hardness and elasticity : as, the temper of iron 
or steel. 
His fears were vain ; impenetrable charms 
Secur'il the temper of th ethereal arms. 
Pope, Iliad, xx. 315. 
9. In sugar-works, white lime or other alkaline 
substance stirred into a clarifier filled with 
