temperately 
1 love- jjood w ine, 
As 1 love health and joy of heart, lut fen 
l-'l, I, !,.:, \\ it willi'.nt Money, in I. 
(/<) \\ ilhi.nl over indulgence In eating, drinking, or the 
like; abstemiously ; soberly. 
liod esteems it part of his service if we eat or drink ; w> 
it be temperatelil, and as nray best preserve' health. 
Jer. Titular. 
(c) Without violence or extravagance ; dispassionately; 
calmly; sedately. 
'/'iiiin'mtrlii proceed to what you would 
Thus violently red' .%<!*., for., III. 1. 219. 
temperateness (tcm'per-at-nes), . The state 
or enamel er of being temperate. Specifically (o) 
Moderation; freedom from excess: as, temperateness of 
language, (b) Due control of the natural appetites or de- 
sires; temperance-; sobriety, (r) Calmness; sedateuess; 
equanimity of mind, (it) Freedom from excessive heat or 
cold; as, the temperateness of n el i male. 
temperative(tem'per-a-tiv),t7. [<LL. IV//T/;- 
Unix, serving to moderate, < L. temperarc, tem- 
per: see /M/T.] Having the power or quality 
of tempering. 
temperature (tem'per-a-tiir).H. [<OF.tMHMrv- 
lill'r (also - t< ini>rruri', > MK. ti'lllprrurr). V. Illll- 
/iri'iitin'i- = 1'r. trmprinliirn = S]>. templiiilnrn 
= Pg. temperaturn, li'iiiprutitra = It. tempera- 
liirn, < L. ii-mpi niiiirn, due measure, proportion, 
composition, or quality, temper, temperament, 
temperature, < tcmpcntre, moderate, temper: 
see temper. Cf. tcmperure.] If. Mixture, or 
that which is produced by mixture; a com- 
pound. 
Made a temperature erf brass and iron together. 
Holland. 
A proper temperature of fear and love. Abp. Seeker. 
2. Constitution; state; temperament. 
The best composition and temperature is to have open- 
ness in fame and opinion, secrecy in habit. 
Bacon, Simulation and Dissimulation (ed. 1887). 
3f. Moderation ; freedom from passions or ex- 
cesses. 
In that proud port which her so goodly graceth . . . 
Most goodly temperature ye may descry. 
Spenser, Sonnets, xlil. 
A difficult thing it is for any man that is rich not to sub- 
mit his m 1 1 n le and affection vnto his money ; and, passing 
many a Croesus In wealth, to beare a modest temperature 
with N a n in . Heywood, Hierarchy of Angels, p. 590. 
4f. Temper, as of metals. 
The due temperature of stiff steel. 
Holland, tr. of Plutarch, p. 95. 
5f. Temperateness; mildness. 
This terltory being 15. myle from the shoare. for pleas- 
antnest of seate. for temporature of climate, fertility of 
soyle, and comoditle of the Sea, ... Is not to be excelled 
by any other whatsoeuer. 
Quoted in Capt. John Smith's Works, I. 87. 
6. The state of a substance with regard to sensi- 
ble heat; the degree or intensity of the sensible 
heat of a body. Primarily the conception of tempera- 
ture is based on the different sensations produced by bodies 
when termed hot, warm, or cold, the hotter body being said 
to have the higher temperature. Again two bodies are said 
to have the same temperature when, by being placed in 
contact, neither Is heated or cooled by the other. But 
these conceptions are relative. The absolute physical 
condition implied by temperature depends upon the na- 
ture erf heat. Heat being considered to be molecular mo- 
tion, temperature (or the degree of heat) is the expression 
of the velocity of the motion. The absolute scale of tem- 
perature recognizes this property, and preserves it in 
numerical measures which are proportional to the sciuare 
of the corresponding molecular velocities. Thus tempera- 
ture li .> the same dimensions as heat. The absolute, zero 
of temperature is the point at which molecular motion 
ceases and all heat vanishes. This point is computed to 
be at 273 on the centigrade scale. Sir W. Thomson 
has shown that the changes in either volume or pressure 
of an ideal gas would give an absolute scale of tempera- 
ture which would give true relative measures of absolute 
amounts of heat. In this system the temperature t is de- 
nned by the equation E = kt, in which A is the average 
kinetic energy per molecule of a perfect gas which has 
that temperature, and I, a constant. This is called the 
thermodj nanitc definition of temperature. It should be 
noted that temperatures of actual masses of matter, when 
expressed on this scale, are line relative measures of the 
absolute amounts of heat which they contain so far as 
the specific heat of the bodies remains constant. In 
practice temperature is measured by the changes pro- 
duced in Irodfes by heat, and thermometry is the instru- 
mental art employed. Experiments show that the air- or 
gas-thermometer approximates most closely to the ther 
modynamic requirement that its indications shall bear a 
linear relation to successive increments of heat. In the 
next instance, the normal mercurial thermometer pos- 
sesses this property to a high degree, and the small de- 
partures of its indications from the linear law have been 
made the subject of elaborate investigation. Other ther- 
mometers differ more or less widely in their indications 
from the foregoing, and it is important to note that with- 
out the thermodynamic conception the definition of 
temperature is dependent on the particular instrument or 
method employed for its measurement. After consider- 
ing the thennodynamic scale and its absolute zero, it will 
Ire recognized that the system of numeration of the usual 
Fahrenheit and centigrade scales is entirely arbitrary. 
Numerical temperatures on these scales have only a rela- 
tive significance, and cannot be made to serve in any ab- 
solute sense. See thermometry. 
Water lx>!ls at a lower Irmjirrnlurr at the top of a i 111- 
tain than it does at the seashore, and , . , KM mi Its at 
the same l'-mf r<ti<-<- in all parts of Ihe w. ,il.l. 
'I. Heat, p. 33. 
Our sensations of temiieratiirf vary considerably a> 
ing to the "subjective temperature, 
J. Sully, Outlines of Psychol., p. 1B7. 
7. Specifically, the thermal element of weather 
or climate. If the whole surface of the earth were cither 
land or water, and perfectly homogeneous, there would n. 
the same temperature at every point on the same latil nde ; 
lint In the case of in entire land surface the ilitlerem c i>f 
temperature between the equator and tin IM-IC, ami e.mse. 
quently the temperature gradient, would he much greater 
than In the case of an earth entirely covered by water. In 
the case of the actual earth with continents and oceans, the 
temperature gradients between the equator and the pole 
on the continents are somewhat as they would lie In the 
ease of an entire land surface, while on the ocean they 
arc somewhat as on an entire water surface, and conse- 
quently the temperature gradients on the former are 
greater than on the latter ; hence there are differences 
of temperature on the same latitude in different longi- 
tudes, and temperature gradients arise between 
of land and regions of water. As a result of these diver - 
sifylng conditions, the mean sea-level temperature can be 
expressed as a function of latitude and longitude only by 
empirical methods, and by utilizing a large mass of ob- 
served data. The diminution of temperature with alti 
tude Is a further variation that can often be Indepen- 
dently treated. 
8. In physiol. and palhol., the degree of heat of 
a living body, especially of the human body. 
It is usually taken, clinically, in the axilla, un- 
der the tongue, or in the rectum. 
The pulse, respiration, and temperature may improve. 
J. M. Carnochan, Operative Surgery, P. 398. 
Absolute temperature. Bee absolute. Absolute zero 
of temperature. Seedef. 6and absolute. Animal tem- 
perature, the temperature of an animal, which in cold- 
blooded animals is but slightly above that of their sur- 
roundings, but In warm-blooded animals Is maintained at a 
more or less constant point considerably above that of their 
surroundings. In the latter It Is under the control of a 
nervous (thennotnxlc) mechanism, and Is dependent on 
the coordinated regulation of the production of heat by 
vital metabolism (thermogenesis) and the loss of heat 
by conduction, by radiation, by evaporation, and other- 
wise (thermolysis). The temperature of a man In health, 
taken in the mouth or axilla, varies from about 98* to 
91)' V. Temperature above this is called pyrena. Crit- 
ical temperature. Same as critical point (b). See un- 
der critical. Mean temperature, a mean for any given 
period of air-temperatures systematically observed each 
day at a given place ; or, without reference to time, the 
mean of a series of temperature observations extending 
over a long number of years. The latter Is more specifi- 
cally, the mean annual temperature, and Is the average of 
a series of annual means. The annual mean for any year is 
usually taken as the average of all the monthly means; 
the monthly mean is the average of the daily means ; and 
the daily mean is obtained from some combination of In- 
dividual observations. Perverse temperature-sensa- 
tions. Sec' tenmtion. 
temperature-alarm (tem'per-a-tur-a-larm'), . 
An adjustable apparatus for indicating auto- 
matically the variation from a certain point of 
the temperature of the place where it is fixed. 
temperature-curve (tem'pr-a-tur-kerv). . A 
curve exhibiting the variations of temperature 
during a given period. 
tempered (tern perd), a. 1. Having a certain 
temper or disposition; disposed: often used in 
composition: as, a good-tendered man. 
When was my lord so much ungeutly temper'd, 
To stop his ears against admonishment ? 
Shot,, T. and C., v. 3. 1. 
Loath was he to move 
From the Imprinted couch, and, when he did, 
Twas with slow, languid paces, and face hid 
In muffling hands. So temper'd, out he stray'd. 
Keats, Endymion, ii. 
2. In music, noting an instrument, scale, orin- 
terval that is tuned in accordance with some 
other temperament than just or pure tempera- 
ment, specifically one tuned in equal tempera- 
ment. See trniprranimt,!) Tempered clay, clay 
prepared for molding by moistening arid kneading. Tem- 
pered-clay machine, in brieJc manvf., one of a class of 
machines by which tempered or moistened clay is molded 
into bricks or tiles. Tempered glass. See glass. 
temperedly (tem'perd-li), adv. In a tempered 
manner. 
temperer (tem'per-6r), n. [< temper + -er 1 .] 
One who or that which tempers, in any sense. 
They are weighed out in quantities of about 30 lies., 
which contain from 250,000 to 500,000 needles, and are 
carried in boxes to the temperer. Ure, Diet., III. 410. 
It is the duty of the temperer to see that sufficient water 
is let to the clay to soak it. 
C. T. Dams, Bricks and Tiles, p. 113. 
tempering (tem'per-ing), . [Verbal n. of teiu- 
per, r.] 1 . The process of giving to any metal 
the desired hardness and elasticity. See cV/- 
l-r, 9. Also called a>intnlin</. 2. In IH/W'C, 
the act, process, or result of tuning an instru- 
ment, scale, or interval in accordance with 
some other temperament than just or pure 
temperament, especially with equal tempera- 
ment. See temperami-nt, 5. 
tempestive 
tempering-furnace(tcni'per-iii;:-f< i af),. A 
furnace adapted for the uniform heating of ar- 
ticles whii'h arc to Ire tciHpi-rccl. 
tempering-oven (t*m'p*r-ing-T'n), . In 
i/liixx-iiiinitij'., an annealing-oven u-cil after the 
melting-oven. 
tempering-wheel <iem'per-ii>g-h\vel), . An 
apparatus for mixing and tempering Hay for 
n-e- in brick-making, etc', u consists of a heavy 
cast-Iron wind moving In a circular pit, and so geared that 
It alternately approaches the central pivot and recedes 
fn.nr It. 
temperouret, . See >/;/.. 
temper-screw (tem'per-ikrt), . 1. In in-n- 
linmi'i, the connecting-link between the work- 
ing-beam ami the cable, which is let out as fast 
as the drill penetrates the rock, so as to regu- 
late the play of the jars, when the whole length of 
the screw is run out. It is disengaged and carried up, so 
as in a few minutes Ui be ready for another run. Mee cut 
under oil-derrick. 
2. A set-screw the point of which bears against 
an object or a bearing, and serves to adjust it. 
A'. //. KH ill/it. 
temperuret, . [MK., also iVi/,< ;<,,<)<, <v<- 
/-/;', < ()F. 'ti-iii]ii fiii'i; < },. Ifmprrulura, due 
measure, temper, temperature: seu trmpera- 
ture.] Tempering; temperament. 
The tempntre of the mortere 
Was innad of lycour wonder dere. 
AMII. of the Rate, 1. 4177. 
An other suche as Arionc, 
Whiche had an harpe of suche temp-run 
. . . that he the bestes wllde 
Made of his note tame and mllde. 
(Jmrer, t'onf. Amant, Pro), (llirhardmn.) 
tempest (tem'pest), n. [< ME. tempest, tempegte, 
< OF. tempests, F. tempite = Pr. tempesta (< L. 
as if 'tempesta; cf. tcmpestus, adj.) = 8p. teni- 
pestad = Pg. tempestade = It. tempesti't, < L. tem- 
pesta(t-)s, time, esp. time with respect to phys- 
ical conditions, weather, and specifically bad 
weather, a storm or tempest, hence also com- 
motion,disturbance,<ifejnj)w(fe'Hpor-, tempos-), 
time : see temporal.] 1. A very violent storm ; 
an extensive current of wind, mshing with great 
velocity and violence, and commonly attended 
with rain, hail, or snow ; a furious gale ; a hurri- 
cane. 
Whan the! in ese wene best to lyve, 
They ben with tempett alle fordryve, 
Rom. of the R,te, 1.3782. 
What at first was called a gust, the same 
Hath now a storm's, anon a tempest's name. 
Donne, The Storm. 
2. A violent tumult or commotion; perturba- 
tion ; violent agitation : as, a tempest of the pas- 
sions; a popular or political tempest. 
The tempest in my mind 
Doth from my senses take all feeling else 
Save what beats there. Shalt.. Lear, ill. 4. 12. 
A tempest In a tea-pot, a great disturbance over a small 
matter. =8yn. 1. Hurricane, etc. See trt'nds. 
tempest (tem'pest), t'. [< ME. ttmpesten, < OF. 
tempester, F. tempfter = Pr. Sp. tempcstar = 
Pg. tcmpestear = It. tempestare, storm; from 
the noun.] I. trans. To disturb violently, as 
by a tempest; rouse; throw into a state of 
commotion; agitate. 
Tempett thee might al croked to redresse, 
In trust of hir that turncth as a ball. 
Chaucer, Truth, I. 8. 
Part huge of bulk, 
Wallowing unwieldy, enormous in their gait, 
Tempest the ocean. Milton, P. L., vii. 412. 
Your last letters betray a mind . . . tempested up by a 
thousand various passions. 
Goldsmith, Citizen of the World, xlvii. 
II. intrans. To descend as a tempest ; be 
tempestuous; storm. [Rare.] 
And, by their excess 
Of cold in virtue, and cross heat in vice, 
Thunder and tempest on those learned heads. 
Whom Cnsar with such honour doth advance. 
B. J onion, Poetaster, v. 1. 
tempestarian (tem-pes-ta'ri-an), n. A sorcerer 
who professed to raise tempests by magical 
arts. Himjhani, Antiquities, xvi. 5. 
tempest-beaten (tem'pest-be'tn), a. Beaten 
or disturbed by or as by a tempest. 
In the calm harbour of whose gentle breast 
My tempest-beaten soul may safely rest. 
Dryden, Aurengzebe, I. 1. 
tempestivet (tem'pes-tiv), a. [< OF. 'tempi si it' 
= Sp. Pg. It. tempestito, < L. tempettirtu, timely, 
seasonable, opportune, < tempestas, time : see 
tempest.] Timely; seasonable. 
This despised and dejected shrub . . . was left stand- 
ing alone, neither obscured from the comfortable beams 
of the snnne. nor couered from the chearefull and tem- 
peMite showres of the Heauens. 
lleyrnod. Hierarchy of Angels, p. 532. 
