tenaculum 
2. In entom., the pair of microscopic ehitinous 
processes on the under side of the abdomen 
of podurans or springtails, serving as a catch 
to hold the elater or springing-organ in place. 
A. S. Packard. 
tenacyt (ten'a-si), H. [< L. tenax (tenac-) (see 
tenacious) + -# 3 .] Tenacity; obstinacy. 
Highest excellence is void of all envy, selfishness, and 
tenacy. Barrow, Sermons, II. xii. (Latham.) 
tenail, tenaille (te-nal'), . [< F. tenaille = 
Pr. tenalha = Sp. tenaza = It. tanaglia, < ML. 
*tenacuia, f., orig. LL. neut. pi. of tenaculum, a 
holder: see tenaculum.'] In fort., an outwork 
or rampart raised in the main ditch immediate- 
ly in front of the curtain, between two bastions. 
In its simplest form it consists of two faces forming with 
each other a reentering angle ; but generally it consists 
of three faces forming two reentering angles, in which 
case it is called a double tenail. Any work belonging 
either to permanent or to field fortification which, on the 
plan, consists of a succession of lines forming salient and 
reentering angles alternately, is said to be A tenaille. 
tenaillon (te-nal'yon), w. [F. : see tenail.'] In 
fort., a work constructed on each side of the 
ravelins, like the lunettes, but differing in that 
one of the faces of the tenaillon is in the di- 
rection of the ravelin, whereas that of the 
lunette is perpendicular to it. Works of this 
kind are seldom adopted. 
tenancy (ten'an-si), n. [< OF. tenance, posses- 
sion, = Sp. Pg. tenencia = ML. tonentia, < L. 
tenen(t-)s, a tenant: see tenant 1 .] 1. In law : 
(a) A holding by private ownership; estate; 
tenure: as, tenancy in fee simple; tenancy in 
tail. (&t) A habitation or dwelling-place held 
of another. 
The said John Scrips had in like sort divided a Tene- 
ment in Shordich into or about seventeene Tenancies or 
dwellings, and the same inhabited by divers persons. 
Proc. in Star Chamber, an. 40 Queen Elizabeth, quoted in 
[Ribton-Turner's Vagrants and Vagrancy, p. 123. 
2. The period during which lands or tenements 
are held or occupied by a tenant Entire tenan- 
cy. See entire. Estate In Joint tenancy. See estate. 
Several tenancy. See entire tenancy. Severance 
of a joint tenancy. See severance. Tenancy at will. 
See estate at will, under estate. Tenancy by entireties. 
See entirety. Tenancy by the courtesy of England. 
See courtesy of England, under courtesy. Tenancy from 
year to year.a tenancy which is implied by law sometimes, 
on the termination of a lease for a year or years and a con- 
tinuance of the possession without a new agreement. 
Tenancy in common, a holding in common with others ; 
an estate consisting in a right to a share of an undivided 
thing ; a tenancy in which all have or are entitled to a 
common or joint possession, but each has a separate or 
several title to his undivided share which he can dispose 
of without affecting the others: distinguished from joint 
tenancy. See estate. Sometimes called coparcenary. 
tenant 1 (ten' ant), n. [< ME. tenant, tenaunt,< 
OF. tenant, a"teiiant, = Pg. It. tenente, a lieu- 
tenant, < L. tenen(t-)s, ppr. of tenere, hold, 
keep, possess. Cf. lieutenant. From the L. 
tenere are also ult. E. tenable, tenacious, tenac//, 
tempt, temptation, etc.] 1. In law: (a) A per- 
son who holds real property by private owner- 
ship, by any kind of title, either in fee, for life, 
for years, or at will. The term is sometimes used 
in reference to interests in pure personalty, as when we 
speak of one as tenant for life of a fund, (/j) More 
specifically, one who holds under a superior 
owner, as a lessee or occupant for rent : used 
thus as correlative to landlord. 
I have been your tenant, and your father's tenant, these 
fourscore years. Shot., Lear, iv. 1. 14. 
[The word always implies indirectly the existence of a 
paramount right, like that of a feudal lord or the mod- 
ern right of eminent domain. States or nations are not 
spoken of as tenants of their own property : subjects and 
citizens are.] 
(c) A defendant in a real action. See action, 
8 (6). 2. One who has possession of anyplace; 
a dweller; an occupant. 
Oh fields! Oh woods! when, when shall I be made 
The happy tenant of your shade? 
Cowley, The Wish. 
The sheepfold here 
Pours out its fleecy tenants o'er the glebe. 
Cmvper, Task, i. 291. 
3. In her., same as supporter. A distinction has 
been made between these terms by alleging that the ten- 
ant holds the shield as if keeping it upright, as is usual 
with modern supporters, but does not support its weight 
or lift it. (Compare supporter.) Some writers, following 
the French heralds, use tenant for a human figure holding 
or flanking the shield, reserving supporter for an animal. 
Also tenent. Chief tenant. Same as tenant in capite. 
Customary tenant. See customary freehold, under cus- 
tomary. Kindly tenant. See kindly. Landlord and 
Tenant Act. See landlord. Particular tenant See 
particular. Sole tenant, one who holds in his own sole 
right, and not with another. Tenant at sufferance, 
one who. having been in lawful possession of land, keeps 
it after the title has come to an end without express agree- 
ment with the rightful owner. Tenant at will, one in 
possession of lands who holds at the will of the lessor or 
owner. Tenant by copy of court-roll, one who is 
6228 
admitted tenant of any lands, etc., within a manor. Ten- 
ant by courtesy. See under courtesy. Tenant bythe 
verge. See verge. Tenant for life, life tenant. See 
estate for life, under estate. Tenant in capite, tenant 
in chief, see in capite. Tenant in common, one who 
holds lands or chattels in common with another or other 
persons. See tenancyin common (under tenancy)sm& estate 
in joint tenancy (under estate). Tenant in dower, a 
widow who possesses land, etc., by virtue of her dower. 
Tenant pour auter vie. See auter me. Tenants by 
entireties. See entirety. Tenant to the prsecipe, the 
person to whom a tenant in tail granted an estate for the 
express purpose of being made defendant in proceedings 
to alienate the land by a recovery. 
tenant 1 (ten'ant), r. [< tenant 1 , .] I. trans. 
1. To hold or possess as a tenant; occupy. 
The greatest part of Sir Roger's estate is tenanted by 
persons who have served himself or his ancestors. 
Steele, Spectator, No. 107. 
Goblins, to my notions, though they might tenant the 
dumb carcasses of beasts, could scarce covet shelter in the 
commonplace human form. 
Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, xii. 
We bought the farm we tenanted before. 
Tennyson, The Brook. 
2t. To let out to tenants. 
Three acres more he converted into a high way ; . . . 
and the rest he tenanted out. 
Strype, Hen. VIII., an. 1530. 
II. t intrans. To live as a tenant ; dwell. 
In yonder tree he tenanteth alone. 
Warren, The Lily and the Bee, ii. 
tenant 2 ! (ten'ant), . and c. A corruption of 
tenon. 
They be fastened or tenanted the one to the other. 
Bp. Andrews, Sermons, II. 81. (Davies.) 
tenantable (ten'an-ta-bl), . [< tenant 1 + 
-able,] Being in a state of repair suitable for 
a tenant ; that may be tenanted, or occupied. 
To apply the distinction to Colchester : all men beheld 
It as tenantable, full of fair houses ; none as tenable in a 
hostile way for any long time against a great army. 
Fuller, Worthies, Essex, I. 544. 
He even gave her permission to tenant the house in 
which she had lived with her husband, as long as it should 
be tenantable. Scott, Heart of Mid-Lothian, ix. 
tenantableness (ten'an-ta-bl-nes), . The 
state of being tenantable. 
tenant-farmer (ten'ant-far"mer), n. A farmer 
who is only a tenant, and not the owner of the 
farm he cultivates. 
We may relieve this country from all responsibility, 
real or imaginary, for the misfortunes of the Irish tenant- 
farmers. Nineteenth Century, XXII. 729. 
tenant-farming (ten'ant-far'ming), . The oc- 
cupying of a farm on lease, and not as owner. 
Tenant-fanning is unprofitable. 
Edinburgh Ren., CLXVI. SOI. 
tenantless (ten'ant-les), a. [< tenant 1 + -less.] 
Having no tenant: unoccupied; vacant; un- 
tenanted. 
Leave not the mansion so long tenantless. 
Shals., T. O. of V., v. 4. 8. 
tenant-right (ten'ant-rit). . 1. The right of 
tenancy of a tenant on a manor, who holds not 
at the will of the lord but according to the cus- 
tom of the manor. 
The customary tenants enjoy the ancient custom called 
tenant-right: namely, "To have their messuages and tene- 
ments to them during their lives, and after their deceases 
to the eldest issues of their bodies lawfully begotten." 
H. Hall, Society in Elizabethan Age, App. I. 
2. The right, or claim of right, in various forms 
or degrees, on the part of agricultural tenants, 
particularly in Great Britain and Ireland, to con- 
tinue the tenancy so long as they pay the rent 
and act properly, to have the rent not raised so 
high as to destroy their interest, to be allowed 
to sell their interest on leaving to a purchaser 
acceptable to the landlord, and to receive a 
compensation from the landlord if turned off. 
The claim last mentioned, recognized as extending to crops 
left in the ground, labor in preparing the soil for the next 
crop, produce left on the farm, and of late years the 
value of permanent improvements, is that more especially 
known as tenant-right. 
tenantry (ten'an-tri), n. ; pi. tenantries (-triz). 
[< tenant + -ry.*] 1+. The condition of being a 
tenant; tenancy. 
Tenants have taken new leases of their tenantries. 
Bp. Ridley, in Dr. Ridley's Life, p. 056. (Latham.) 
2. The body of tenants ; tenants collectively. 
Yes, Mr. Huxter, yes ; a happy tenantry, its country's 
pride, will assemble in the baronial hall, where the beards 
will wag all. Thackeray, Pendennis, Ixxv. 
tencet, An obsolete spelling of tense 1 . 
tench (tench), n. [< ME. tenche. < OF. tenche, 
F. tanche = Sp. Pg. tenca = It. tinea, < LL. tinea, 
ML. also tenca, a tench.] A cyprinoid fish of 
Europe, Tinea- rulgaris. It inhabits the streams and 
lakes of the European continent, and in England it is fre- 
quent in ornamental waters and ponds. The fish attains 
tend 
a length of from 10 to 12 inches. It has very small smooth 
scales. The color is generally a greenish-olive above, a light 
tint predominating below. It is very sluggish, inhabits 
bottom-waters, and feeds on refuse vegetable matter. It 
is very tenacious of life, and may be conveyed alive in damp 
weeds for long distances. The flesh is somewhat coarse 
and insipid. The tench was formerly supposed to have 
some healing virtue in the touch. I. Walton ("Complete 
Angler," p. 175) says: "The Tench . . . is observed to be 
a Physician to other fishes, . . . and it is said that a Pike 
will neither devour nor hurt him, because the Pike, be- 
ing sick or hurt by any accident, is cured by touching the 
Tench." 
tench-weed (tench'wed), n. The common pond- 
weed, Potamoactonnatans: so named from some 
association with the tench (according to Forby, 
from its coating of mucilage, supposed to be 
very agreeable to that fish). 
tend 1 (tend), v. [< ME. 'tenden, < OF. (and F.) 
tendre, stretch, stretch out, hold forth, offer, 
tender, = Pr. tendre = Sp. Pg. tender = It. ten- 
dere, < L. tenderc (-\/ ten), stretch, stretch out, 
extend, spread out, intr. direct one's course, 
aim, strive, go, tend, = Gr. rciveiv ( ^rev, rav) = 
Skt. -\/ tan, stretch : a root represented in Teut. 
by thin : see thin*. From the L. tendere are also 
ult. E. tend' 2 , tender 2 (a doublet of tend 1 ), ten- 
der s , tendon, tense' 2 , tension, tent 1 , tent 3 , tent*, 
attend, contend, extend, intend, portend, pretend, 
superintend, contention, extension, intention, etc. ; 
from the Gr., tone 1 , tonic, tune, etc.] I.t irons. 
To reach out; offer; tender. 
Then Cassivelaunus . . . sentEmbassadourtoCtesar by 
Conius and Arras, tending unto him a snrrendry. 
Holland, tr. of Camden, p. 37. (Davies.) 
II. intrans. 1. To move or be directed, lit- 
erally or figuratively ; hold a course. 
If I came alone in the quality of a private person, I 
must go on foot through the streets, and, because I was a 
person generally known, might be followed by some one 
or other, who would discover whither my private visit 
tended, besides that those in the inn must needs take 
notice of my coming in that manner. 
Lord Herbert of Cherbury, Life (ed. Howells), p. 158. 
See from above the bellying Clouds descend, 
And big with some new Wonder this Way tend. 
Congreve, Semele, iii. 8. 
I know not whither your insinuations would tend. 
Sheridan, The Rivals, iii. 2. 
It further illustrates a very important point, toward 
which the argument has been for some time tending. 
J. Fiske, Evolutionist, p. 118. 
2. To have a tendency to operate in some par- 
ticular direction or way ; have a bent or incli- 
nation to effective action in some particular 
direction ; aim or serve more or less effectively 
and directly: commonly followed by an infini- 
tive : as, exercise tends to strengthen the mus- 
cles. 
By this time they were got to the Enchanted Ground, 
where the air naturally teiided to make one drowsy. 
Banyan, Pilgrim's Progress, ii. 
To make men governable in this manner, their precepts 
mainly tend to break a national! spirit. 
Milton, Reformation in Eng., ii. 
No advantage was deemed unwarrantable which could 
tend to secure the victory. Prescott, Ferd. and Isa,, ii. 1. 
Natural selection tends only to make each organic being 
as perfect as, or slightly more perfect than, the other in- 
habitants of the same country with which it has to strug- 
gle for existence. Daririn, Origin of Species, p. 197. 
3. To serve, contribute, or conduce in some de- 
gree or way; be influential in some direction, 
or in promoting some purpose or interest ; have 
a more or less direct bearing or effect (upon 
something). 
Farewell, poor swain ! thou art not for my bend ; 
I must have quicker souls, whose words may tend 
To some free action.' 
Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, i. 3. 
But the place doth not greatly tend unto tranquility. 
Sandys, Travailes, p. 226. 
AH other men, who know what they ask, desire of God 
that thir doings may tend to his glory. 
iiatnn, Eikonoklastes. viii. 
The Spaniard hopes that one Day this Peace may tend to 
his Advantage more than all his Wars have done. 
HoiKll, Letters, iii. 1. 
= Syn. 2. To incline, lean, verge, trend. --3. To conduce. 
tend' 2 (tend), c. [< ME. tenden; bv apheresis 
from attend.] I. trans. 1. To attend ; wait upon 
as an assistant or protector; guard. 
