Tharos Butterfly (Phyciodes tharos) t 
natural size. 
s 
Thargelion 
Thargelion (thar-ge'li-on), n. [< Gr. 
< QapylfAia, the festival Thargelia: see Thar- 
yelia.'] The eleventh month of the ancient 
Attic calendar, containing thirty days, and 
corresponding to the last part of May and the 
first part of June. 
tharldomet, Same as thraldom. 
tharm (thiirm), w. [Early mod. E. also therm, 
Sc. thairm; < ME. tharm, therm, < AS. thearm = 
OFries. therm, thirm = D. MLG. darm = OHG. 
daram, MHG. G. darm = Icel. tharmr = Sw. 
Dan. farm, gut, = L. frames, way, = Gr. rpa.fj.iq, 
tharm, gut; cf. rpr/pa, hole, ear, < rerpaiveiv 
(/ rpa), bore through.] An intestine ; an en- 
trail; gut. [Obsolete or dialectal.] 
Eustathius . . . doth tell that in old time they made 
their bow-strings of bullocks' thermes, which they twined 
together as they 
do ropes. 
Ascham, Toxophi- 
[lus (ed. 1864), 
[p. 103. 
When I am tired 
of scraping thairm 
or singing bal- 
lants. 
Scott, Redgaunt- 
(let, letter XL 
tharos (tha'- 
ros), n. The 
pearl crescent, 
Phyciodes tharos, a small American butterfly 
varied with black, orange, and white. 
Thaspium (thas'pi-um), n. [NL. (Nuttall, 1818), 
transferred from Thapsia, a related genus.] A 
genus of umbelliferous plants. It is characterized 
by its conspicuous calyx-teeth, 
long styles without a stylopo- 
dium, and fruit with most or all 
of the ribs prominently winged, 
and with the oil-tubes solitary in 
the intervals. It includes 3 spe- 
cies, all natives of the United 
States, known as meadow- 
parsnip. They are handsome 
tall and smooth perennial 
herbs, with ternately divided 
leaves composed of broad ser- 
rate leaflets, and compound 
umbels of yellow flowers with- 
out involucres, and with the in- 
volucels formed of a few minute 
bractlets; one variety, T. aure- 
um, var. atropurpureum, bears 
dark-purple flowers. One spe- 
cies, T. pinnatifidum., is a native 
of the South Appalachian re- 
gion ; the others, T. aureum and 
T. barbinode (see cut under peti- 
ole), are widely diffused through 
the eastern and central United 
States. T. aureum and its vari- 
ety trifoliatum have been com- 
monly confounded with the cor- 
responding species of Zizia, re- 
spectively Z. aurea and Z. cor- 
data (referred by some to Carum), which they resemble 
closely in flower and leaf, but differ from in their winged 
fruit and later blooming. 
that (SPHat), pron. or a. ; pi. those (THOZ). [Also 
dial, thet; < ME. that, thet, < AS. that, that, the, 
= OS. that = OFries. thet, dat = MD. D. dat 
= MLG. dat, that, = OHG. MHG. G. das, the, 
= Icel. that, the, = Dan. (let, the, = Sw. det, 
this, = Goth, thata, the ; neut. of the demonst. 
pron. which came to be used as the def. art., 
AS. masc. se, fern, seo, neut. thset, ME. and 
mod. E. in all genders, the : see further under 
the 1 . Hence that, conj, and adv.'] A. demonst. 
pron. or a. 1. Used as a definitive adjective 
before a noun, in various senses, (a) Pointing to 
a person or thing present or as before mentioned or sup- 
posed to be understood, or used to designate a specific 
thing or person emphatically, having more force than the 
definite article the, which may, however, in some cases be 
substituted for it. 
It shall be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrha in 
the day of judgment than for that city. Mat. x. 15. 
Touch but my lips with those fair lips of thine. 
Shak., Venus and Adonis, 1. 115. 
David indeed, by suffering without just cause, learnt 
that meekness and that wisdom by adversity which made 
him much the fitter man to raigne. 
Wilton, Eikonoklastes, xxvii. 
That House of Commons that he could not make do for 
him would do to send him to the Tower till he was sober 
Walpole, Letters, II. 8. 
(6) Frequently in opposition to this, in which case it refers 
to one of two objects already mentioned, and often to the 
one more distant in place or time : frequently, however, 
mere contradistinction is implied: as, I will take this 
book, and you can take that one. 
Of Zion it shall be said, this and that man was born in 
ner - Ps. Ixxxvii. 5. 
(c) Pointing not so much to persons and things as to their 
qualities, almost equivalent to such, or of such a nature 
and occasionally followed by as or that as a correlative. 
There cannot be 
That vulture in you, to devour so many. 
Shak., Macbeth, iv. 3. 74. 
Flowering Plant of Mea- 
dow-parsnip (Tftasfium 
barbinode}. a, the carpels. 
0266 
Whose love was of that dignity 
That it went hand in hand even with the vow. 
Shak., Hamlet, i. 6. 49. 
Majesty never was vested to that degree in the Person 
of the King as not to be more conspicuous and more au- 
gust in Parliament, as I have often shown. 
Miltun, Ans. to Salmasius. 
2. Used absolutely or without a noun as a de- 
monstrative pronoun, (a) To indicate a person or 
thing already referred to or implied, or specially pointed 
at or otherwise indicated, and having generally the same 
force and significance as when used as an adjective: as, 
give me that; do you see that? 
Foretell new storms to those already spent. 
Shak., Lucrece, 1. 1589. 
What springal is that' ha ! Shirley, Love Tricks, ii. 1. 
From hence forward be that which thine own brutish 
silence hath made thee. 
Milton, Church-Government, Pref., il. 
She has that in her aspect against which it is impossible 
to offend. Steele, Spectator, No. US. 
(b) In opposition to this, or by way of distinction. 
If the Lord will, we shall live, and do this or that. 
Jas. iv. 15. 
This is not fair ; nor profitable that. 
Dryden, tr. of Persius's Satires, iv. 19. 
A hundred and fifty odd projects took possession of his 
brain by turns he would do this, and that, and t'other 
he would go to Rome he would go to law he would 
buy stock . . . he would new fore-front his house, and 
add a new wing to make it even. 
Sterne, Tristram Shandy, iv. 31. 
When this and that refer to foregoing words, this, like the 
Latin hie or the French ceci, refers to the last mentioned, 
the latter, and that, like the Latin file or the French cela, 
to the first mentioned, the former. 
Self-love and reason to one end aspire, 
Pain their aversion, pleasure their desire ; 
But greedy that its object would devour, 
This taste the honey and not wound the flower. 
Pope, Essay on Han, ii. 89. 
In all the above cases, that, when referring to a plural 
noun, takes the plural form those : as, that man, those men ; 
give me that, give me those ; and so on. (c) To represent 
a sentence or part of a sentence, or a series of sentences. 
And when Moses heard that, he was content. Lev. x. 20. 
[That here stands for the whole of what Aaron had said, or 
the whole of the preceding verse.] 
111 know your business, Harry, that I will. 
Shak., 1 Hen. IV., ii. 3. 83. 
Upon my conscience, 
The man is truly honest, and that kills him. 
Fletcher, Valentinian, iv. 3. 
If the Laymen will not come, whose fault is that? 
Selden, Table-Talk, p. 87. 
Certain or uncertain, be that upon the credit of those 
whom I must follow. Milton, Hist. Eng., i. 
They say he's learn'd as well as discreet, but I'm no 
judge of that. Steele, Lying Lover, i. 1. 
You are a foolish bribble-brabble woman, that you are. 
Sir R. Howard, The Committee, iii. 1. 
Yet there still prevails, and that too amongst men who 
plume themselves on their liberality, no small amount of 
the feeling which Milton combated in his celebrated essay. 
H. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 167. 
That sometimes in this use precedes the sentence or 
clause to which it refers. 
That be far from thee, to do after this manner, to slay 
the righteous with the wicked. Gen. xviii. 25. 
That here represents the clause in italics. It is used also 
as the substitute for an adjective : as, you allege that the 
man is innocent ; that he is not. Similarly, it is often used 
to introduce an explanation of something going before : as, 
"religion consists in living up to those principles that 
is, in acting in conformity to them." (d) Emphatically, 
in phrases expressive of approbation, applause, or encour- 
agement. 
Why, that's my dainty Ariel ! Shak., Tempest, v. 1. 95. 
That 's my good son ! Shale., R. and J., ii. 3. 47. 
Hengo. I have out-brav'd Hunger. 
Car. That 's my boy, my sweet boy ! 
Fletcher, Bonduca, iv. 2. 
(e) As the antecedent of a relative : as, that which was 
spoken. 
And die, unhallow'd thoughts, before you blot 
With your uncleanness that which is divine. 
Shak., Lucrece, 1. 193. 
(/) By the omission of the relative, that formerly some- 
times acquired the force of what or that which. 
Thogh it happen me rehercen eft 
That ye ban in youre fresshe songes sayd. 
Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 79. 
We speak that we do know, and testify that we have 
seen. John iii. 11. 
The good of my Countrey is that I seeke. 
Capt. John Smith, Works, II. 179. 
(g) With of, to avoid repetition of a preceding noun : as, 
his opinions and those of the others. 
I would desire my female readers to consider that, as 
the term of life is short, that of beauty is much shorter. 
Addison, Spectator, No. 89. 
(A) Withcmd, to avoid repetition of a preceding statement. 
God shall help her, and that right early. Ps. xlvi. 5. 
And all that. See all. That present. See present^. 
That timet. See timei. To put this and that toge- 
ther. See puti. 
B. rel. pron. Used for who or which. That in 
this use is never used with a preposition preceding it. 
but may be so used when the preposition is transposed to 
that 
the end of the clause ; thus, the man of whom I spoke, the 
book /mm which I read, the spot near which he stood, the 
pay for which he works ; but not the man of that 1 spoke, 
etc., though one may say, the man that I spoke of, the 
book that I read from, the place that he stood near, the 
pay that he works for, and so on. When the relative 
clause conveys an additional idea or statement, or is 
parenthetical, who and which are in modern English rather 
to be used than that: thus, "James, whom I saw yester- 
day, told me, " but not ' ' James that, etc. " That more often 
introduces a restrictive or definitive clause, but who and 
which are frequently used in the same way. See who. 
Lord God, that lens ay lastand light, 
This is a ferly fare to feele. York Plays, p. 58. 
Treuli, treuli, Y seye to 3011, the sone may not of hym 
silt do ony thing, but that thing that he seeth the fadir 
doynge. Wyclif, John v. 19. 
This holi child seynt Johun, 
That baptisid oure lord in flom Jordon 
With ful deuout & good deuocioun. 
Hymns to Virgin, etc. (E. E. T. S.), p. 58. 
And Guthlake, that was King of Denmarke then, 
Provided with a navie mee forlead. 
Mir. for Mags., 1. 184. 
If I have aught 
That may content thee, take it, and begone. 
Beau, and Ft., Maid's Tragedy, v. 4. 
He that was your conduct 
From Milan. Shirley, Grateful Servant, i. 2. 
You shall come with me to Tower Hill, and see Mrs. 
Quilp.Ourt is, directly. Dickens, Old Curiosity Shop, vi. 
In the following extract that, who, and which are used 
without any perceptible difference. 
Sometime like apes, that mow and chatter at me 
And after bite me, then like hedgehogs, which 
Lie tumbling in my barefoot way and mount 
Their pricks at my footfall, sometime am I 
All wound with adders, who with cloven tongues 
Do hiss me into madness. Shak., Tempest, ii. 2. 10. 
With the use of that as a relative are to be classed those 
cases in which it is used as a correlative to go or such. 
Who 'B so gross, 
That seeth not this palpable device ? 
Shak., Rich. III., iii. 6. 11. 
Who so firm that cannot be seduced? 
Shak., J. C., i. 2. 318. 
Such allow'd infirmities that honesty 
Is never free of. Shak., W. T., i. 2. 263. 
That as a demonstrative and that as a relative pronoun 
sometimes occur close together, but this use is now hardly 
approved. 
That that is determined shall be done. Dan. xi. 36. 
That that is is. Shak., T. N., iv. 2. 17. 
But for the practical part, it is that that makes an an- 
gler: it is diligence, and observation, and patience, and an 
ambition to be the best in the art, that must do it. 
/. Walton, Complete Angler, p. 191. 
Frequently used in Chaucer for the definite article, before 
one or other, usually when the two words are put in con- 
trast. 
That on me hette, that othir dede me colde. 
Chaucer, Parliament of Fowls, 1. 145. 
That . . . he\ - who ; that . . . his (or her)\ = whose ; 
that . . . Mmt = whom ; that . . . they) = who ; which 
that\ whom. 
My hertes loie, all myn hole plesaunce, 
Whiche that y same, and schall do faithfully 
With treue Entente. 
Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 40. 
A Knight ther was, and that a worthy man, 
That fro the tyme that he first bigan 
To ryden out, he loved chivalrye. 
Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., I 44. 
Now fele I wel the goodnesse of this wyf, 
That bothe after her deeth and in her lyf 
Her grete bountee doubleth her renoun. 
Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 521. 
This man to you may falsly been accused, 
That as by right him oghte been excused. 
Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 351. 
[That came in during the twelfth century to supply the 
place of the indeclinable relative the, and in the fourteenth 
century it is the ordinary relative. In the sixteenth cen- 
tury, which often supplies its place ; in the seventeenth 
century, who replaces it. About Addison's time, that had 
again come into fashion, and had almost driven ichich and 
who out of use. 
Morris, Historical Outlines of Eng. Accidence, p. 132.) 
that (snat), eonj. [< ME. that, thet, < AS. that 
= D. dat = OHG. MHG. daz, G. dass = Goth. 
thata, that; orig. the neut. pron. or adj. that 
used practically as a def . article qualifying the 
whole sentence: see that, pron.'] 1. Introdu- 
cing a reason: in that; because. 
Thus I speak, not that I would have it so ; but to your 
shame. Latimer, Sermon of the Plough. 
Not that I loved Csesar less, but that I loved Rome more. 
Shak., J. C., Iii. 2. 23. 
Streams of grief 
That I have wrong'd thee, and as much of joy 
That I repent it, issue from mine eyes. 
Beau, and Fl., Philaster, v. 5. 
It is not that I love you less 
Than when before your feet I lay. 
Waller, The Self-Banished. 
Weep not that the world changes. Bryant, Mutation. 
2. Introducing an object or final end or pur- 
pose: equivalent to the phrases in order Hint, 
for the purpose that, to the effect that. 
