theologus 
theologus (the-ol'o-gus), n. ; pi. tlieotoyi (-ji). 
[L. : see thcoloyue'.] 1. A theologian. 
Theoloiji who may have expounded sacred legends. 
Encyc. Brit., VIII. 468. 
2. Same ;ix cuiiiiii theologian (which see, under 
theoloi/iini). 
theology (the-ol'o-ji), . [< ME. theologie, < 
OF. Oteoloffie, F. theologie = Pr. teologia = Sp. 
teologia =' Pg. theologia = It. teologia = D. G. 
theologie = Sw. Dan. teologi, < LL. theologia, < 
Gr. feo/loyi'a, a speaking concerning God, < 0ro- 
JWj'Of, speaking of God (see theologue), < foof, 
god, + /.f}eiv, speak.] The science concerned 
with ascertaining, classifying, and systematiz- 
ing all attainable truth concerning God and his 
relation to the universe ; the science of religion ; 
religious truth scientifically stated. The ancient 
Greeks used the word to designate the history of their 
gods ; early Christian writers applied it to the doctrine of 
the nature of God ; Peter Abelard, in the twelfth century, 
first began to employ it to denote scientific instruction con- 
cerning God and the divine life. Theology differs from re- 
ligion as the science of any subject differs from the subject- 
matter itself. Religion in the broadest sense is a life of 
right affections and right conduct toward God ; theology is 
a scientific knowledge of God and of the life which rever- 
ence and allegiance toward him require. Theology is di- 
vided, in reference to the sources whence the knowledge is 
derived, into natural theology, which treats of God and di- 
vine things in so far as their nature is disclosed through 
human consciousness, through the material creation, and 
through the moral order discernible in the course of his- 
tory apart from specific revelation, and revealed theology, 
which treats of the same subject-matter as made known 
in the scriptures of the Old and the New Testament. The 
former is theistic merely; the latter is Christian, and in- 
cludes the doctrine of salvation by Christ, and of future 
rewards and punishments. In reference to the ends sought 
and the methods of treatment, theology is again divided 
into theoretical theology, which treats of the doctrines and 
principles of the divine life for the purpose of scientific 
and philosophical accuracy, and practical theology, which 
treats of the duties of the divine life for immediate prac- 
tical ends. Theology is further divided, according to sub- 
ject-matter and methods, into various branches, of which 
the principal are given below. 
Ac Theologie hath tened me ten score tymes, 
The more I muse there-inne the mistier it seemeth. 
Piers Plowman (B), x. 180. 
Theology, what is it but the science of things divine? 
Hooker, Eccles. Polity, iii. 8. 
Theology, properly and directly, deals with notional ap- 
prehension ; religion with imaginative. 
J. H. Newman, Gram, of Assent, p. 115. 
Ascetical theology. See ascetical. Biblical theology. 
that branch of theology which has for its object to set 
forth the knowledge of God and the divine life as gath- 
ered from a large study of the Bible, as opposed to a 
merely minute study of particular texts on the one hand, 
and to a mere use of philosophical methods on the other. 
-Dogmatic theology, that department of theology 
which has for its object a connected and scientific state- 
ment of theology as a complete and harmonious science 
as authoritatively held and taught by the church. Exe- 
getical theology. See exeyetical. Federal theology, 
a system of theology based upon the idea of two covenants 
between God and man the covenant of nature, or of 
works, before the fall, by which eternal life was promised 
to man on condition of his perfect obedience to the moral 
law, and the covenant of grace, after the fall, by which sal- 
vation and eternal life are promised to man by the free 
grace of God. Kloppenburg, professor of theology at Fran- 
eker in the Netherlands (died 1852), originated the system, 
and it was perfected (1648) by John Koch (Cocceius), suc- 
cessor of Kloppenburg in the same chair. See Cocceian. 
- Fundamental theology, that branch of systematic 
theology which vindicates man's knowledge of God by the 
investigation of its grounds and sources in general, and 
of the trustworthiness of the Christian revelation in par- 
ticular, and which therefore includes both natural theol- 
ogy and the evidences of Christianity. Genevan the- 
ology. See Genevan. Historical theology, the sci- 
ence of the history and growth of Christian doctrines. 
Homlletlc theology. Same as homiletics. Liberal 
theology. See liberal Christianity, under liberal. Mer- 
cersburg theology, a school of evangelical philosophy 
and theology which arose about the year 1836, in the the- 
ological seminary of the German Reformed Church at 
Mercersburg in Pennsylvania. It laid emphasis on the 
incarnation as the center of theology, on development as 
the law of church life, on the importance of the sacra- 
ments of baptism and the Lord's Supper as divinely ap- 
pointed means of grace, and on Christian education of the 
youth of the church. Monumental theology See 
monumental. Moral theology, a phrase nearly equiva- 
lent to moral philosophy, denoting that branch of practi- 
cal theology which treats of ethics, or man's duties to his 
fellow-men. 
The science of Moral Theology, as it was at first called, 
and as it is still designated by the Roman Catholic di- 
vines, was undoubtedly constructed, to Ihe full know- 
ledge of its authors, by taking principles of conduct from 
the system of the Church, and by using the language and 
methods of jurisprudence for their expression and expan- 
s ' on - Maine, Ancient Law, p. 337. 
6L>74 
Pastoral theology. See pastoral. Polemical theol- 
ogy, the learning and practice involved in the endeavor 
to defend by scientific and philosophical arguments one 
system of theology, or to controvert the positions of other 
and opposing theological systems. Rational theology. 
See rational.- Scholastic theology. See scholastic. 
Speculative theology, a system of theology which pro- 
ceeds upon human speculation, as opposed to one which 
proceeds upon an acceptance of knowledge restricted to 
what has been revealed in the Bible. Systematic the- 
ology, a general term for all arranged ana classified know- 
ledge of God and his relations to the universe, having for 
its object the vindication of the reality of man 'B knowledge 
of God, in opposition to agnostic philosophy, by the in- 
vestigation of the grounds and sources of such knowledge 
in general and of the trustworthiness of the Christian rev- 
elation in particular, and the ascertaining, formulating, 
and systematizing of all that is known respecting God and 
his relations to the universe, in such form as to make 
manifest its scientific trustworthiness. Systematic the- 
ology presupposes exegetical, Biblical, and historical the- 
ology, and is the basis of applied or practical theology. 
Systematic or Speculative theology . . . comprehends 
Apologetics, Dogmatics, Symbolics, Polemics, Ethics, and 
.statistics. Scha/, Christ and Christianity, p. 4. 
theomachist(the-om'a-kist),. [< theon/aclt-y + 
-ist.] One who rights against God or the gods. 
theomachy (the-om'a-ki), n. [< Gr. Oeofiaxia, 
a battle of the gods, < (feof, god, + ptixq, bat- 
tle, < [idxeoffat, fight.] 1. A fighting against 
the gods, as the mythological battle of the 
giants with the gods. 2. A strife or battle 
among the gods. Gladstone, Juveutus Mundi, 
vii. 3. Opposition to the divine will. 
Lucius Sylla, and infinite other in smaller model, . . . 
would have all men happy or unhappy as they were their 
friends or enemies, and would give form to the world ac- 
cording to their own humours, which is thetrue theomachy. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 
theomancy (the'o-man-si), n. [< Gr. deo/iavreia, 
soothsaying by inspiration of a god, < 6e6f, god, 
+ fMvrtia, divination.] Divination drawn from 
the responses of oracles, or from the predictions 
of sibyls and others supposed to be inspired im- 
mediately by some divinity. Imp. Diet. 
theomania (the-o-ma'ni-a), n. [NL., < Gr. 6m- 
ftavia, madness caused by God, inspiration, < 
<feC, god, + fiavia, madness : see mania.] Insan- 
ity in which the patient imagines himself to be 
the Deity, or fancies that the Deity dwells in 
him; also, demonomania. 
theomaniac (the-o-ma'ni-ak), n. [< theomania 
+ -ac."] One who exhibits theomania. 
theomantic (the-o-man'tik), a. [< theomaitcy 
(theomant-) + -ic.] Pertaining to or having the 
characteristics of theomancy. 
White art, a theomantic power, 
Magic divine. 
Middleton and Rowley, World Tost at Tennis. 
theomorphic (the-o-mor'fik), . [< Gr. Oe6/iop- 
(j>of, having the form of a god, < 6e6f , god, + fiopfyfi, 
form.] Having the form, image, or likeness of 
God. Blunt, Diet. Theology, p. 324. 
theomorphism (the-o-mor'fizm), n. Theomor- 
phic character. Fortnightly Rev., V. xxxix. 63. 
theo-mythology (the"o-mi-thol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. 
6e6(, god, + fivSohoyia, mythology.] See the 
quotation. 
Thus it has been with that which, following German ex- 
ample, I have denominated the Theo-mythology of Homer. 
By that term it seems not improper to designate a mixture 
of theology and mythology, as these two words are com- 
monly understood. Theology I suppose to mean a sys- 
tem dealing with the knowledge of God and the unseen 
world; mythology, a system conversant with the inven- 
tions of man concerning them. 
Gladstone, Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, II. 2. 
Theopaschite (the-o-pas'kit), n. [< LGr. 6co- 
imoxlTai, < Gr. 0f<5f, god, -I- iraaxciv, suffer, + 
-ite 2 . ] In t heol. , one who holds that God suffered 
and was crucified in Christ's passion. Philologi- 
cally the word may be made to include the Patripassians. 
who identified God the Father with God the Son, and 
therefore held that God the Father was crucified. It is in 
actual use, however, restricted to designate the Monophy- 
sites. Also Theopassian. 
The liturgical shibboleth of the Monophysites was 
"God crucified," which they introduced into the Trisa- 
gion : hence they are also called Theopaschitei. 
Scha/, Christ and Christianity, p. 62. 
theopaschitism (the-o-pas'kl-tizm), w. [< 
Tlieopaschite + -ism."] The doctrine peculiar to 
the Theopaschites. 
theopathetic (the"o-pa-thet'ik), a. [< thco- 
path-y, after pathetic.] Of or pertaining to 
theopathy. See the second quotation under the- 
osophist. 
theopathic (the-o-path'ik), a. [< theopath-y + 
-ic.] Same as theopathetic. 
Mystical theology. See mystical. Natural theology 
See def. above. New England theology, that phase or 
those phases of Puritan theological thought characteristic 
of the Congregational and Calvinistic churches of New 
England. New theology, a name popularly given to a theopathy (the-op'a-thi), n. [< Gr. fftof, god, 
^Jwff7SSS SSteSS . ^*s-.if*f- silfferi ^ : pt^ Emo- 
churches. As an intellectual movement it has much in 
common with the Broad Church movement in the Church 
of England. In its philosophy the new theology partakes 
of Greek, the old theology of Latin Christian thought. 
. 
tion excited by the contemplation of God; piety, 
or a sense of piety. [Rare.] 
The pleasures and pains of theopathy, ... all those 
pleasures and pains which the contemplation of God and 
theorbo 
his attributes, and of our relation to him, raises up in the 
minds of different persons, or in that of the same person 
lit different times. Hartley, On Man, I. iv. 5. 
theophanic (the-o-fan'ik), (i. [< theophaii-y + 
-ic.] Relating to a theophany; pertaining to 
an actual appearance of a god to man. 
The notion of angels as divine armies is not like that of 
the individual "messenger" closely connected with the 
theuphamc history. W. R. Smith, Encyc. Brit., II. 27. 
theophany (the-of 'a-ni), n. [= OF. theojiliauie, 
llim/ilmine, thiphaitic, thijiliainc, F. thivphroiic = 
Olt. tlteojairia, teofania = G. tlteophanie, < ML. 
tlieophailia, theofania, < Gr. ffeotydveia, 6e<xpdvin, 
< ffeof, god, + (jiaiveaffai, appear.] 1. A mani- 
festation of God or of gods to man by actual 
appearance. The term is applied specifically to the 
appearance of God to the patriarchs in angelic or hu- 
man form, and to Christ's nativity, baptism, and second 
coming. 
The Creator alone truly is ; the universe is but a sublime 
tkeophany, a visible manifestation of God. 
Milman, Latin Christianity, viii. 5. 
The surest means of obtaining a knowledge of the [Ho- 
meric] gods, and of their will, was through their direct 
personal manifestation, in visible tlienplmnu'H. 
0. P. Fifher, Begin, of Christianity, p. 84. 
2. [cap."] The festival of the Epiphany, 
theophilauthropic (the-o-fil-an-throp'ik), a. 
[< theophilnnthrop-y + -ic.] Of or pertaining 
to theophilanthropism or the theophilanthro- 
pists ; uniting love to God with love to man. 
The theophilanthropic ideas of the Society for the Diffu- 
sion of Useful Knowledge. 
Contemporary Rev., XLIX. 341. 
theophilanthropism (the*o-fi-lan'thro-pizm), 
H. [< theophilanthrop-y + -ism.] Love to both 
God and man; the doctrines or tenets of the 
theophilanthropists. Also thenpliilan thropy. 
theophilanthropist (the ' o -fi -Ian ' thro -pist), 
. [< tJitopliilanthrop-y + -ist.] 1. One who 
practises or professes theophilanthropism. 
2. One of a society formed at Paris in the 
period of the Directory, having for its object 
the establishment of a new religion in place of 
Christianity, which had been abolished by the 
Convention. The system of belief thus at- 
tempted to be established was pure deism. 
theophilanthropy (the"o-fi-lan'thro-pi), . [< 
Gr. rei5f , god, + (pumfipuma, love to man : see 
philanthropy.] Same as theophilanthropism. 
Macaulay. 
theophile (the'o-fil), . [< Gr. fedf, god, + 
$i>.tiv, love. Cf. Gr. 6e6<j>i?.ot, dear to the gods.] 
One who loves God. [Rare.] 
Afflictions are the Proportion [portion] of the best Theo- 
phties. Hawaii, Letters, ii. 41. 
theophilosophic (the-o-fil-o-sof'ik), a. [< Gr. 
0fdf, god, + ifi^Maoijita, p'hilosophy, + -ic.] Com- 
bining, or pertaining to the combination of, 
theism and philosophy. 
Theophrasta (the-o-fras'ta), n. [NL. (Lin- 
naeus, 1737), < L. Tlteophrastus, < Gr. 8%>aorof, 
Theophrastus, a Greek philosopher (about 373- 
288 B. c.).] A genus of plants, type of the tribe 
Theophrastese in the order Myrsinex. It is char- 
acterized by a cylindrical corolla bearing on its base five 
extrorse anthers and as many scale-shaped staminodea. 
There are 3 species, all natives of Hay ti. They are smooth 
shrubs, with a robust erect trunk, and spreading spiny- 
toothed leaves crowded toward the top. The large white 
flowers are compactly clustered in short racemes. Many 
species once included in this genus are now separated 
under the name Clavija (Ruiz and Pavon, 1794). T. Ju- 
sisri is cultivated under glass for its handsome leaves ; in 
Hayti, where it is known as le petit coco, a bread is pre- 
pared from its pounded seeds. 
Theophrasteae (the-o-fras'te-e), w. pi. [NL. 
(H. G. L. Reichenba'ch, 1828), < Theophrasta + 
-ex.] A tribe of gamopetalous plants, of the 
order Myrsinese, characterized by the presence 
of staminodes on the base of the corolla. It in- 
cludes 5 genera of shrubs or small trees, principally na- 
tives of tropical America, of which Theophrasta (the type), 
Clavija, and Jacquinia are the chief, two species of the 
last-named occurring within the United States. 
theopneustic (the-op-nus'tik), a. [< theopneus- 
t-ii + -ic."] Given by inspiration of the Spirit 
of God. Imp. Diet. 
theopneusty (the'op-nus-ti),. [=F. (Mopneus- 
tie, < Gr. 6toirvcvaTof, inspired of God, < Gr. 616$ , 
god, + *7rvra7r<5f, inspired, < nvelv, breathe, blow.] 
Divine inspiration ; the supernatural influence 
of the Divine Spirit in qualifying men to re- 
ceive and communicate revealed truth. 
theorbistt (the-or'bist), n. [< theorbo + -ist.] 
A performer on the theorbo. 
theorbo (thf-or'bo), . [= F. theorbc, tcorbc = 
Sp. tiorba, <. It. tiorl>a, a musical instrument: 
origin unknown.] A musical instrument of 
the lute class, having two necks, the one above 
the other, the lower bearing the melody strings, 
which were stretched over a fretted finger- 
