thio-ether 
thio-ether (tlri-6-e'ther), w. [< Gr. Beiov, sul- 
phur, + E. ether.'] A compound, analogous to 
an ether, in which the alkyl radicals are com- 
bined with sulphur instead of oxygen ; an alkyl 
sulphid. Thus (C 2 Hs) 2 S is a thio-ether analo- 
gous to (C 2 H 6 ) 2 O, which is ordinary ether. 
thiophene (thi'o-fen), . [< Gr. Beiov, sulphur, 
+ E. p1ie(ol).~] A compound, C 4 H 4 S, related 
to benzene, and forming a large number of de- 
rivatives analogous to those of benzin. It may 
be regarded as benzene in which one of the three acetylene 
groups CHCH has been replaced by sulphur. It is a 
colorless limpid oil having a faint odor, and boils at 164 F. 
thiosulphate (thi-o-sul'fat), n. [< Gr. Oeiov, 
sulphur, 4- E. sulphate.'] A salt of thiosulphurie 
acid. 
thiosulphuric (thi"o-sul-fu'rik), a. [< Gr. fidav, 
sulphur, + E. sulphuric.] Noting the acid de- 
scribed below Thiosulphuric acid, an acid differ- 
ing from sulphuric acid in that the oxygen of one hydroxyl 
group is replaced by a sulphur atom. Thus, sulphuric acid 
has the formula S0 2 .(OH) 2 , while that of thiosulphuric 
acid is S0 2 .OH.SH. The acid itself has not been isolated, 
but it forms a number of stable crystalline salts, formerly 
called hyposulphites. 
thir (THer), prow. pi. [< ME. thir, < Icel. their, 
they, theirsi, these: see this, they 1 .'] These. 
[Obsolete or dialectal.] 
And sen sekenes es sent to the 
Thir men sail noght vnserued be. 
Italy Rood (E. E. T. S.), p. 85. 
Thir breeks o' mine, my only pair, 
That ance were plush, o' guid blue hair. 
Burnt, Tain o' Shanter. 
Thir and thae, these and those. [Scotch.] 
third 1 (therd), a. and n. [Also dial, thrift; < 
ME. thirde, thyrde, thryd. thridde, thredde, < AS. 
thridda (ONorth. thirda, thirdda) = OS.thriddio 
= D. derde = MLG. dridde, drudde, LG. drudde 
= OHG. dritto, MHG. G. dritte = Icel. thridhi, 
thridhja = Sw. Dan. tredie = Goth, thridja = 
W. tryde = Gael, treas = L. tertius (> It. terzo 
= Sp. tercio = Pg. terfo = OF. tiers, ters, F. tiers, 
> E. tierce, terce) = Gr. rpirof (with slightly dif- 
ferent suffix) = Skt. tritiya, third; with ordinal 
formative -th > -A (see -ih 2 ), from the cardinal, 
AS. threo, etc., three : see three. From the L. 
form are ult. E. terce, tercel, tierce, etc., tertian, 
tertiary, etc.] I. a. 1. Next after the second : 
an ordinal numeral. 
The thridde nyght, as olde bookes seyn. 
Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 605. 
The thirden tune that it play'd then . . . 
Was " Wae to my sister, fair Ellen." 
The Turn Sisters (Child's Ballads, II. 243). 
2. Being one of three equal subdivisions: as, 
the third part of anything Propositions of third 
adjacent. See adjacent. Tne third hour, the third of 
twelve hours reckoned from sunrise to sunset ; the hour 
midway between sunrise and noon ; specifically, the ca- 
nonical hour of terce. Among the Jews the third hour 
was the hour of the morning sacrifice. Third base. 
See base-ball, 1. Third cousin, the child of a parent's 
second cousin ; a cousin in the third generation. Third- 
day, Tuesday, as the third day of the week : so called by 
the Friends. 
At Harlingen [a monthly meeting should be established] 
upon the third third-day of the month. 
Penn, Travels in Holland, etc. 
Third estate. See estate.- Third father, a great-grand- 
father. Halliwell. (Prov. Eng.] Third figure, in logic. 
See figure, 9. Third house, the lobby which connects it- 
self with a legislature (so called because the latter common- 
ly consists of two houses). (Political slang, U. S.) Third 
Inversion. See inversion (c). Third nerve, in anat., 
that one of the cranial nerves, in order from before back- 
ward, which comes off from the brain next after the optic 
or second nerve ; the oculimotor. Third of exchange. 
See first of exchange, under exchange. Third opponent] 
in Louisiana law, one interposing for relief against judi- 
cial sale of property in an action to which he was not a 
party. Third order, perfection, person. See the 
nouns. Third point. See tierce point, under tierce. 
Third possessor, in Louisiana law, one who acquires 
the title to property which is subject to a mortgage to 
which he is not a party. Third Staff, in music (or the 
organ, the staff used for the pedal part. Third-year 
man, a senior sophister. See sophister, S. 
II. n. 1. One of three equal parts into which 
a unit or total may be divided. 
I forgeue to sou the pricis of salt, and forxeue ... the 
thriddit of seed. WycHf, 1 Mac. x. 29. 
To thee and thine hereditary ever 
Remain this ample third of our fair kingdom. 
Shalt., Lear, i. 1. 82. 
2. pi. In Eng. and Amer. law, the third part of 
the husband's personal property, which goes to 
the widow absolutely in the case of his dying 
intestate leaving a child or descendant, given 
(with various qualifications) by the common 
law and by modern statutes. The word is some- 
times, however, loosely used as synonymous with dower, to 
denote her right to one third of the real property for life. 
3. The sixtieth of a second of time or arc. 
Divide the natural day into twenty-four equal parts, an 
hour into sixty minutes, a minute into sixty seconds a 
second into sixty thirds. Holder, On Time 
6294 
4. In music: () A tone on the third degree 
above or below a given tone; the next tone 
but one in a diatonic series, (ft) The interval 
between any tone and a tone on the third de- 
gree above or below it. (c) The harmonic 
combination of two tones at the interval thus 
defined, (d) In a scale, the third tone from 
the bottom; the mediant: solmizated mi. The 
typical interval of the third is that between the first and 
third tones of a major scale, which is acoustically repre- 
sented by the ratio 4 : 5. Such a third is called major; a 
third ahalf-step shorter is called minor or lesser; and one 
two half-steps shorter is called diminished. Major and 
minor thirds are classed as consonances ; diminished thirds 
as dissonances. In ancient and in early medieval music, 
however, the major third was dissonant, because tuned ac- 
cording to the Pythagorean system, so as to have the ratio 
64 : 81 ; such a third is called Pythagorean. The interval 
of the third is highly important harmonically, since it de- 
termines the major or minor character of triads. See triad 
and chord. 
5. In base-ball, same as third base. See base- 
ball, 1. Thirds card, a card 1$ by 3 inches, the size 
most used for a man's visiting-card. [Eng.] 
third 1 (therd), v. t. [< third 1 , a.] To work at 
or treat a third time : as, to third turnips (that 
is, to hoe them a third time). Halliwell. [Prov. 
Eng.] 
third 2 (therd), n. [A transposed form of thread, 
thrid 1 .] Thread. [Prov. Eng.] 
For as a subtle spider, closely sitting 
In centre of her web that spreadeth round, 
If the least fly but touch the smallest third, 
She feels it instantly. 
A. Brewer, Lingua (ed. 1617), iv. 6. (Hares.) 
Your compensation makes amends, for I 
Haue giuen you here a third of mine owne life [Miranda]. 
Shak., Tempest (folio 1623), iv. 1. 3. 
third-borough (therd'bur'o), n. [Also third- 
borow, thridoorro, tharborongh; < third 1 + ftor- 
ough 1 as in headborouoh .] A constable, or an 
under-constable. 
Hobb Andrw he was thridborro; 
He bad horn, Pesse ! God gyff horn sorro ! 
For y mey arrest yow best. 
Hunttyng of the Hare, 199. (Halliwell.) 
I know my remedy ; I must go fetch the third-borough. 
Shak., T. of the S., Ind., i. 12. 
third-Class (therd'klas), a. Belonging to the 
next class after the second : specifically noting 
the third grade of conveyances or accommoda- 
tions for travel. -Third-class matter, in the postal 
system of the United States, printed matter other than 
newspapers or periodicals, sent through the mails by the 
publishers. 
thirdendeal (ther'du-del), . [< ME. threden- 
flel, thriddendele, < AS. thridda dxl(=TAHG. drit- 
teil, G. drittel = Sw. tredjedel = Dan. trediedel), 
the third part: see third 1 and deal 1 , and cf. 
halfendeal.] If. The third part of anything; 
specifically, a tertian, as the third part of a tun. 
The flstulose and softer lete it goone 
To cover with, and tweyne of lyme in oon 
Of gravel mynge, and marl in floode gravel 
A thriddendele wol sadde it wonder wel. 
Palladium, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 14. 
In the Hot. Parl. A. D. 1423, mention is made of a "thre- 
dendels, or tercyan," 84 gallons of wine, or the third part 
of a "tonel." Prompt. Pan., p. 117, note 1. 
2. A liquid measure containing three pints. 
Bailey, 1731; Halliwell. [Doubtful.] 
thirding (ther'ding), n. [< third* + -ing 1 . Cf. 
thriding, riding 2 .'] 1. The third part of any- 
thing; specifically, the third part of the grain 
growing on a tenant's land at his death, in some 
places due to the lord as a heriot. Bailey, 1731 . 
Also in plural. 2. A custom practised at the 
English universities, where two thirds of the 
original price is allowed by the upholsterers to 
students for household goods returned to them 
within the year. Halliwell. 3. Same as riding 2 . 
Vrry, MS. Additions to Ray. (Halliwell.) 
thirdly (therd'li), adv. [< third 1 + -7y2.] I n 
the third place. 
thirdpenny (therd'pen*i),. [< third 1 + penny.'] 
In Anglo-Saxon law, a third part of the fines im- 
posed at the county courts, which was one of 
the perquisites of the earl of the district. 
third-rate (therd'rat), a. I. Of the third rate 
or order. For the specific naval use, see rate 2 , 
n. , 8. Hence 2. Of a distinctly inferior rank, 
grade, or quality : as, a third-rate hotel ; a third- 
rate actor. 
From that time Port Royal fell prostrate from its posi- 
tion of a great provincial mercantile centre into that of a 
third-rate naval station. Harper's May., LXXX. 381. 
thirdsman (therdz'man), n.; pi. thirdsmen 
(-men). [< thirds for third + man.'] An um- 
pire; an arbitrator; a mediator. 
Ay, but Mac Callum More's blood wadna sit down wi' 
that; there was risk of Andro Ferrara coming in thirds- 
>'. Scott, Heart of Mid-Lothian, xxiv 
thirled 
thirl 1 (therl),)). [Also thurl; < ME. thirl, thirll, 
therl, thyrl, *thorl, thurl,(. AS. tln/rel, a hole, per- 
foration, < thyrel, adj., perforated, pierced, orig. 
'thyrliel = OHG. durihhil, diirchil, MHG. dur- 
chel, durkel, perforated, pierced; with forma- 
tive -el, from the root of AS. thurh, etc., thor- 
ough, through: see thorough, through. Hence 
thirl 1 , v. t and by transposition thrill 1 , 11. and v., 
andincomp.nosethirl, nostril.'] 1. A hole; an 
opening ; a place of entrance, as a door or a 
window. [Prov. Eng. or Scotch.] 
Thise byeth the vif gates of the cite of the herte, huerby 
the dieuel geth in ofte ine the vif therles of the house. 
Ayenbite of Inunit (E. E. T. S.), p. 204. 
If thou ware in a myrke house one the daye, and alle 
the thirties, dores, and wyndows ware stokynethat na sone 
myght enter. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 241. (Halliwell.) 
2. In coal-mining, a short passage cut for ven- 
tilation between two headings ; a cross-hole. 
Also thirling stoop and thirl. See sloop*. 
thirl 1 (therl), t'. [< ME. thirlen, thirl/en, thyrl- 
en, therlen, thurlen, thorlen, < AS. thyrlian, thirl- 
ian, thyrelian, bore, < thyrel, a hole, perforation : 
see thirl 1 , n. Cf. thrill 1 , a transposed form.] 
1. trans. 1. To pierce; bore; perforate; drill. 
Themi thurled thay ayther thik side thurj, bi the rybbe. 
Sir Gau'ayne and the Green Knight (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1357. 
That he was myghtful and meke, and mercy gan graunte 
To hem that henge hym hye and bus herte therlede. 
Piers Plowman (C), ii. 171. 
2. To produce, as a hole, by piercing, boring, 
or drilling. 
As also that the forcible and violent push of the ram had 
thirled an hole through a corner-tower. 
Ammianus Marcellinus (1609). (Nares.) 
3. Figuratively, to penetrate ; pierce, as with 
some keen emotion ; especially, to wound. 
So harde hacches [aches] of loue here hert hadde thirled 
That ther nas gle vnder God that hire glad mijt. 
William of Palerne (E. E. T. S.), 1. 826. 
The fond desire that we in glorie set 
Doth thirle our hearts to hope in slipper hap. 
Mir. for Maas., p. 495. (Nares.) 
4. To cause to vibrate, quiver, or tingle; 
thrill. 
There was ae sang, amang the rest ; . . . 
It thirl'd the heart-strings thro' the breast. 
Burns, First Epistle to J. Lapraik. 
II. intrans. 1. To make a hole, as by pier- 
cing or boring. 
So thirleth with the poynt of remembraunce 
The swerd of sorowe. 
Chaucer, Anelida and Arcite, 1. 211. 
Schalkes they schotte thrughe schrenkande maylez, 
Thurghe brenys browdene brestez they thirllede. 
Morte Artliure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1858. 
2. To vibrate; quiver; tingle; thrill. 
Nor that night-wandering, pale, and watery star 
(When yawning dragons draw her thirling car . . .). 
Marlowe and Chapman, Hero and Leauder, i. 108. 
And then he speaks with sic a taking art, 
His words they thirle like musick thro' my heart. 
Ramsay, Gentle Shepherd, i. 2 (song 5). 
3. In coal-mining, to cut away the last web of 
coal separating two headings or other work- 
ings. Gresley. 
[Prov. Eng. or Scotch in all senses.] 
thirl 2 (therl), v. t. [For *therl, a transposed 
form of thrill?, threl, a var. of thrall, v.] To 
thrall, bind, or subject; especially, to bind or 
astrict by the terms of a lease or otherwise : as, 
lands thirled to a particular mill. See thirlage. 
[Scotch.] 
The inhabitants of the village and barony of Kinross 
were not more effectually thirled (which may be translated 
enthralled) to the baron's mill than they were to the 
medical monopoly of the chamberlain. Scott, Abbot, xxvi. 
thirl 2 (therl), n. [Cf. thirP, v.] In Scots law, 
a tract of land the tenants of which were 
bound to bring all their grain to a certain mill : 
same as sucken. 
thirlable (ther'la-bl), a. [< ME. tliirlabUle; < 
thirl 1 + -able."] Capable of being thirled ; pene- 
trable. Halliwell. [Obsolete or provincial.] 
thirlage (ther'laj). . [< thirl* + -age.] In 
Scots law, a species of servitude, formerly very 
commonin Scotland, and also prevalent in Eng- 
land, by which the proprietors or other posses- 
sors of lands were bound to carry the grain 
produced on the lands to a particular mill to be 
ground, to which mill the lands were said to be 
thirled or astricted, and also to pay a certain 
proportion of the grain, varying in different 
cases, as a remuneration for the grinding, and 
for the expense of the erection and mainte- 
nance of the mill. Also called wym-l. 
thirledt (tlui-ld), . [< ME. thirled, thurlfd, 
llutrliil : < thirl 1 + -rd-.] Having thirls or open- 
ings; specifically, having nostrils. 
