thole 
to speak of the two together as the tholes. Also called 
thole-pin. 
They took us for French, our boats being fitted with 
thoelsnnd grummets for the oars in the French fashion. 
Marryat, Frank Mildmay, v. (Dames.) 
With what an unusual amount of noise the oars worked 
in the thowels ! Dickens, Great Expectations, liv. 
The sound of their oars on the tholes had died ill the dis- 
tance. Langfellm, Evangeline, ii. 2. 
2. The pin or handle of a scythe-snath. 3f. 
A cart-piii. 
Tholle, a cartpynne, chenille de charette. 
Palsgrave, p. 280. 
thole 3 (thol), n. [< L. tholus, < Gr. ftWof : see 
tholus.] Inarch.: (a) Same as tholus; some- 
times, a vaulted niche, or recess in a temple, 
where votive offerings were suspended. 
Let altars smoke, and tholes expect our spoils, 
Csesar returns in triumph ! 
J. Fisher, Fuimus Trees, iii. 2. 
(b) The scutcheon or knot at the center of a 
timber vault. 
tholemodt, [ME., < AS. tholemod (= Icel. 
tholinmddr; cf. Sw. tS,lmodig = ~Dstn.taaimodig), 
having a patient mind,< tholian, endure, + mod, 
mind, mood : see mood 1 .'] Patient; forbearing. 
The fyfte [deed of mercy] es to be tholemode when men 
mysdose vs. Religious Pieces (E. E. T. S.), p. 9. 
tholemodlyt, adv. [ME., < tholemod + -fy 2 .] 
Patiently. 
He [God] abit tholemodliche, 
He fur-geft litliche. 
Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 240. 
tholemodnesst, [ME., < tholemod + -ness.] 
Patience; forbearance; long-suffering. 
The uirtue of merci, thet is zorge and tholemodnesse of 
othremanne kuead and of othremanue misdede. 
Ayenbite of Inwyt (E. E. T. S.), p. 185. 
thole-pin (thol'pin), n. Same as thole' 2 , 1. 
Thollon prism. A form of prism sometimes 
used in spectrum-analysis, which gives a high 
degree of dispersion. It is a triple prism, consisting 
of a 90 prism of dense glass within, having an additional 
prism of small angle (say 15") cemented to each side with 
edges in reversed position to the central prism ; the com- 
pound prism would thus have an angle of 60. Also called 
Rutherfurd prism. 
tholobate (thol'o-bat), n. [< Gr. (MAof, a dome, 
+ /3ar<5f, verbal adj. of paivtiv, go, walk.] In 
arch., a substructure supporting a dome. 
tholus (tho'lus), n. ; pi. thoU (-11). [Also tholos; 
< L. tholus, < Gr. ftUof, a dome, a rotunda, any 
circular building.] In classical arch., any cir- 
cular building, as that designed by Polycletus 
at Epidaurus ; also, a dome or cupola ; a domed 
structure; specifically, at Athens, the round 
chamber, or rotunda, a public building con- 
nected with the prytaneum, in which the pryt- 
anes dined. 
The Thirty Tyrants on one occasion summoned him, to- 
gether with four others, to the Tholus, the place in which 
the Prytanes took their meals. G. H. Lewes. 
The Athenian Archaeological Society has excavated the 
tholos of Amyclee, near Sparta. Athenteum, No. 3264, p. 648. 
Thomaean, Thomean (to-me'an), n. [< LL. 
Thomas, < Gr. Gw^af, a Hebrew name.] Same 
as Christian of St. Thomas (which see, under 
Christian). 
Thomaism (to'ma-izm), n. Same as Thomism. 
Thomasite (tom'as-it), . [< Thomas, the name 
of the founder o? the sect, 4- -ite%.] Same as 
Christadelphian. 
Thomas's operation. See operation. 
thomet, . An obsolete form of thumb 1 . 
Thomean, n. See Thomsean. 
Thomisidse (tho-mis'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Tho- 
misus + -idle.] A family of laterigrade spiders, 
typified by the genus Thomisus. The species are 
numerous and wide-spread. They are mostly known as 
crab-spiders, from their peculiar manner of running side- 
wise or backward, as a crab is supposed to do, and also 
from their general shape, the body being broad and the 
legs, or some of them, being usually held bent forward and 
moved like.-those of the crustaceans whose appearance is 
thus suggested. 
Thomism (to'mizm), . [< Thom-as + -ism.] 
The doctrine of the followers of Thomas Aqui- 
nas, an eminent theologian of the thirteenth 
century (died 1274). Thomas Aquinas held two 
sources of knowledge faith and reason the doctrines 
of unconditional predestination and efficacious grace, and 
a physical as well as a moral efficacy in the sacraments ; 
and he denied the doctrine of the immaculate conception. 
His theology, embodied in his great work, "Summa Theo- 
logian," was based on a philosophical system rather than 
on either the Bible or the traditional teaching of the 
church. It was an attempt to reconcile Aristotelian phi- 
losophy with the Christian faith. It is of very high au- 
thority in the Roman Catholic Church, and its influence is 
great even outside of that church. Also Thomaism. 
Thomist (to'mist), . and a. [< Thom-as + -ist.] 
I. n. A follower of Thomas Aquinas. 
Scotists and Thomists now in peace remain. 
Pope, Essay on Criticism, 1. 444. 
6298 
Thomixts, .1 name often given to the followers of Thomas 
Aquinas, who, besides adopting the Aristotelian philoso- 
phy, in opposition to Duns Scotus, who held the Platonic, 
also taught the doctrines of Augustine on the subject of 
original sin, free grace, etc. He condemned the dogma 
of the immaculate conception, in opposition to Scotus. 
The two sects were also divided on the question of the 
sacraments, as to whether grace was conferred by them 
physically or morally the Thomixtn holding the former, 
the Scotists the latter. . . . The Thomists were Realists, 
while the Scotists were Nominalists ; and although the 
Roman see naturally inclined to favor the doctrines of 
the Scotists, the prestige of Aquinas was so great that the 
Thomists ruled the theology of the Church up to the time 
of the controversy between the Molinists and the Jansen- 
ists, when the views of the Scotists substantially pre- 
vailed. 
McClintock and Strom), Cyclopaedia of Biblical, etc. , Litera- 
ture, x. 373. 
II. a. Same as Thomistic. 
The recent revival in different countries of the Thomist 
philosophy, now again authoritatively proclaimed to be 
the sheet-anchor of Catholic doctrine. Mind, IX. 159. 
Thomistic (to-mis'tik), a. [< Thomist + -ic.~] 
Of or pertaining to the Thomists or Thomism. 
[Rare.] 
Yet in the Thomistic system the ancient thinker often 
conquers the Christian. Mind, XI. 445. 
Thomistical (to-mis'ti-kal),. [< Thomistic + 
-al.] In the manner of the Thomists, or of 
Thomas Aquinas; subtle; over-refined. 
How far, lo ! M. More, is this your strange Thomistical 
sense [interpretation] from the flat letter? 
Tyndale, Supper of the Lord (ed. Parker Soc.), p. 244. 
Thomisus (tko'mis-us), n. [NL. (Walckenaer), 
< Gr. Oauiaaeiv or 6u/iiftv, whip, scourge.] The 
typical genus of Thomisidse, or crab-spiders. 
Thomite(t6'rmt),. [< Thom-as + -ite*.] Same 
as Thomsean. 
Thpmomys (tho'mo-mis), n. [NL. (Maximilian, 
1839). < Gr. oa/tof, a heap, + ,uip = E. mouse.] 1 . 
One of two genera of Geomyidse or pocket-go- 
phers, differing from Geomys in having the up- 
per incisors smooth or with only a fine marginal 
(not median) groove. The external ears, though 
small, have a distinct auricle ; the fore feet are moderately 
fossorial ; and none of the species are as large as those of 
Geomys. They range from British America to Mexico, and 
from the Mississippi valley to the Pacific. The northern 
form is T. talpoides ; a western is T. tndbivorus, the camass- 
rat of the Pacific slope ; a southern is T. umbrinus; the 
smallest is described as T. clusius, of the Rocky Mountain 
region, about five inches long. In habits these gophers 
closely resemble the species of Qeomys. The generic name 
indicates the little piles of earth with which they soon 
dot the surface of the soft soil in which they work. See 
cut under camasg-rat. 
2. [I. c.] A member of this genus. 
I found also bones and fragments of the Elephas primi- 
genius, and the greater part of the skeleton of a Thorrwmys. 
Amer. Nat., Nov., 1889, p. 979. 
Thompson's solution of phosphorus. See so- 
lution. 
thomsenolite (tom'sen-o-lit), . [Named after 
Dr. J. Thomsen of Copenhagen.] A hydrous 
fluoride of aluminium, calcium, and sodium, 
found with pachnolite and cryolite in Green- 
land, also in Colorado. 
Thomsen's disease. [Named after Dr. Thom- 
sen of Schleswig-Holstein, who was himself a 
sufferer from the disease, and the first to de- 
scribe it.] An affection characterized by ina- 
bility to relax at once certain groups of mus- 
cles that have been contracted after a period of 
rest. It runs in families, beginning very early 
in life. Also called myotonia congenita. 
Thomson effect. See effect. 
Thomsonian (tom-so'ni-an), a. and n. [< 
Thomson (Dr. Samuel Thomson, of Massachu- 
setts, 1769-1843) + -i-an.] I. a. Noting or 
pertaining to a system of botanical medicine, 
one of whose doctrines is that, as all minerals 
are from the earth, their tendency is to carry 
men into their graves, whereas the tendency 
of herbs, from their growing upward, is to keep 
men out of their graves. 
II. n. An adherent of the Thomsonian theory. 
Thomsonianism (tom-so'ni-an-izm), n. [< 
Thomsonian + -ism.] The principles of the 
Thomsonian school. 
The career of Thomson was unique, and even to this day 
Thomsonianism has its votaries, and lobelia and rum sweats 
are retained with the tenacity of old friends. 
Pop. Sri. Sews, XXIII. 61. 
thomsonite (tom'son-it), . [< Thomson (Tho- 
mas Thomson, a Scottish chemist, 1773-1852) 
4- -ite 2 .] A mineral of the zeolite family, occur- 
ring generally in masses of a radiated struc- 
ture, in spherical concretions or compact. It is 
a hydrous silicate of aluminium, calcium, and 
sodium. 
Thomson's electrometer, mirror-galvanom- 
eter, siphon-recorder, etc. See electrometer, 
galvanometer, etc. 
thoracic 
thong (thong), n. [<ME. thong, thuioiig, thwang, 
< AS. thwang, thwony (= leel. thvengr), thong, 
latchet, esp. of shoes, < *thwingan ('thwang in 
pret.), constrain: see twinge.'] A long nar- 
row strip of leather; a narrow strap, used as 
a fastening, a halter, reins, the lash of a whip, 
the latchet of a shoe, and in many other ways. 
See cut under snow-shoe. 
Queme quyssewes [cuisses] then, that coyntlych closed 
His thik thrawen thygez, with uaeonffa to-tachched. 
Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight (E. E. T. S.), 1. f>79. 
After cutte that pece into thwanges smal, 
Lete it not be brode, but narow as may be. 
Rom. o/Partenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 568. 
A lethern thong doth serve his wast to girt. 
Times' Whistle (E. E. T. S.), p. 27. 
From the high box they [coachmen] whirl tliethony around, 
And with the twining lash their shins resound. 
day, Trivia, iii. 37. 
thong (thong), v. [< ME. tiiwongen; < thong, n.] 
I.t trans. To provide, fit, or fasten with a thong. 
Thonffede scheon. Ancren Riu'le, p. 362. 
II. intrans. 1 . To strike with a thong, or with 
a similar implement, as the lash of a whip. 
She has hit Mrs. Bonnington on the raw place, and smil- 
ingly proceeds to thong again. 
Thackeray, Lovel the Widower, iv. 
2. To rope ; stretch out into viscous threads or 
filaments. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
thong-seal, (thong'sel), n: The bearded seal, 
Eriynathus barbatus. See cut under Erignathus. 
thpngy (thong'i), a. [< thong + -yi.] Ropy; 
viscid. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
thonk, n. and . An obsolete or dialectal form 
of thank. 
thonwanget, n. See thumrange. 
thooid (tho'oid), a. and n. [< Gr. flu; (Su6c), a 
beast of prey of the wolf kind, + eMof, form.] 
1. a. Wolfish; resembling or related to the 
wolf; lupine: as, " the thooid or lupine series" 
of canines, W. H. Flower. 
II. w. A member of the thooid or lupine se- 
ries of canine quadrupeds, as a wolf, dog, or 
jackal : as, " thooids, or lupine forms," Huxley. 
thoom (thorn), n. A dialectal form of thumb 1 . 
Thor (th6r) ,n. [< Icel. Thorr, a contr. of * Thonrr 
= AS. Tliunor: see thunder and Tltursday.] 1. 
The second principal god of the ancient Scandi- 
navians, the god of thunder. He was the son of Odin, 
or the supreme being, and Jorth, the earth. He was the 
champion of the gods, and was called in to their assistance 
whenever they were in straits. He was also the friend of 
mankind, and the slayer of trolls and evil spirits. He al- 
ways carried a heavy hammer (mjolnir, the crusher), which, 
as often as he discharged it, returned to his hand of itself ; 
he possessed a girdle which had the virtue of renewing 
his strength. Thor is represented as a powerful man in 
the prime of life, with a long red beard, a crown on his 
head, a scepter in one hand, and his hammer in the other. 
Thursday is called after him, and his name enters as an 
element into a great many proper names. 
2. [NL.] In zool., a genus of macrurous crus- 
taceans. J. S. Kingsley, 1878 Thor's day. See 
Thursday. Thor's hammer. See hammer^. 
thoracabdominal (tho"rak-ab-dom'i-nal), a. 
[< thorax (thorac-) + abdomen: see abdominal.] 
Pertaining or common to the thorax and the ab- 
domen: as, the thoracabdominal cavity of any 
vertebrate below a mammal. 
thoracacromial (th6"rak-a-kr6'mi-al), o. [< L. 
thorax (thorac-), the thorax, + NL. acromion : 
see afromial.] Of or pertaining to the chest 
and the shoulder, or the thorax and the pecto- 
ral arch; acromiothoracic : specifically noting 
a group of muscles. Coves, 1887. 
thoracaorta (thd"rak-a-6r'ta), n. ; pi. thorac- 
aort& (-te). [NL., < tllorax (thorac-) + aorta.] 
The thoracic aorta, contained in the cavity of 
the thorax, and with which the abdominal aorta 
is continuous. See cut under thorax. Coves. 
thoracentesis (tho // ra-sen-te'sis), n. [NL., for 
"thoracocentesis, < L. thorax (thorac-), the tho- 
rax, + Gr. Kevrqatf, < nevreiv, puncture : see ceit- 
to'l.] The operation of puncturing the chest, 
as in hydrothorax or empyema, and withdraw- 
ing the contained fluid; paracentesis thoracis. 
thoraces, . Plural of thorax. 
thoracetron (tho-ra-se'tron), .; pi. thoracetrtt 
(-tra). [NL., < L. thorax (thorac-), the thorax, 
+ Gr. ffrpov, the abdomen.] The thorax, or sec- 
ond division of the body, of some crustaceans, 
as the king-crab: correlated with ccphaletron 
undpleon. Owen. 1872. 
thoracic (tho-ras'ik), a. and n. [= F. thrari<i<ii- 
= Sp. tordcico = Pg. thoracico = It. toracico, < 
NL. *thoracicus, < L. thorax (thorac-), the tho- 
rax: see thorax.] !..!. Of or pertaining to 
the thorax or chest : as, thoracic walls, contents, 
organs, or structures, (a) Contained in the thorax ; 
intrathoracic : as. the thoracic viscera, (b) Dorsal, as a 
