thorn-broom 
thorn-broom (tlioni'imim), . The furze, r/u 
Ewropxnt. 
thorn-bush (thorn'bush), u. A Hhrtib that pro- 
duces thorns. 
Tin- Imttlio] n is tin 1 moon ; I, the man in the moon ; this 
thurii-lnah, my thorit-lnuh. Shak., \\. N. D., v. 1. 283. 
thorn-devil (thorn '(lev" I), . A cortain spiny 
lizard, Molni-li Imrriitus. 
Thorn-devil (.Molofh horri.titt\. 
thorned(th6rnd), . [< thorn* + -erf2.~] Bear- 
ing thorns; thorny. 
Silvery-green with thorned vegetation, sprawling lobes of 
the prickly pear. The Atlantic, LXV. 207. 
thornen (thdr'nen), . [< ME. thoriien, thernen, 
< AS. thyrnen (= OFries. thornen = OHG. dur- 
tiin), of thorn, < thorn, thorn: see thorn 1 and 
-c'A] Made of thorns. 
thorn-headed (thorn'hed'ed), . Acantho- 
cephalous: as, the thorn-headed worms (the 
members of the order Acantliocephala). See 
cut under Aeanthocephalu. 
thornhogt (thdrn'hog), n. [ME., < thorn* + 
Aw/ 1 .] A hedgehog. Ayenbite of Inwyt, p. 66. 
thorn-hopper (thdrn'hop'er), n. A tree-hopper, 
Thrliii eratii'iji, which lives on the thorn and 
other rosaceous trees. 
thorn-house (thorn'hous), n. A salt-evaporat- 
ing house in which the brine is caused to trickle 
down over piles of brush or thorns, in order to 
give greater exposure for evaporation. 
thornless (thorn'les), a. [< thorn* + -lexx.~\ 
Free from thorns. 
Youth's gay prime and thorniest paths. 
Coleridge, Sonnet to Bowles. 
Thy great 
Forefathers of the thornlew garden, there 
.Shadowing the snow-limb'd Ere. 
Tennyson, Maud, xvili. 8. 
thorn-oyster (thorn'ois'ter), w. A thorny bi- 
valve of the family Spondylidee. See cut under 
ApondMiw, 
thornstone (thorn'ston), n. In the manufac- 
ture of salt, a concretion of carbonates of lime, 
magnesia, manganese, and iron, and some chlo- 
rids, which accumulates in the thorns of a thorn- 
house. 
thorn-swine (thdrn'swin), . A porcupine. 
thorntail (thoru'tal), n. [< thorn* + tail*.'] 
A humming-bird of the genus (louldia, having 
long sharp tail-feathers (whence the genus is 
also called I'rymnaeantha). The one with the most 
spine-like rectrices is O. popelairei, 4} inches long, the 
male of a shining grass-green color, varied in some places 
with red, steel-blue, black, and white. It inhabits the 
United States of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 
thorn-tailed (thorn'tald), a. In herpet., hav- 
ing spinoso scales on the tail : specific in the 
phrase thorn-tailed agamas. See Uromastix. 
thorny (thor'ni), a. [< ME. thorny = D. doornif/ 
= MHG. domic, G. dornig ; as thorn* + -y*. The 
AS. formisttoi-ni/i<=G. dornieht.] 1. Abound- 
inginorcovered with thorns; producingthoms; 
prickly; spiny. 
The steep and thorny way to heaven. 
Shak., Hamlet, i 3. 48. 
And the thorny balls, each three in one, 
The chestnuts throw on our path. 
Rroirntng. By the Fireside. 
2. Characteristic of or resembling a thorn; 
sharp; irritating; painful. 
The sharp thorny points 
Of my alleged reasons drive this forward. 
Shot., Hen. VIII., ii. 4. 224. 
A sharp f Anrny-tnothed satirical rascal. 
//. Jotuon, Poetaster, iv. 1. 
3. In -~od7.,spinous; prickly; cchinate Thorny 
lobster, tin spiny lobster. See cut under Palimmu. 
Thorny oyster. Same as (Aorn-oi/iifcr. =Syn. 1. Spinose, 
spinous, briery, sharp. 
thorogummite (tho-ro-gum'it), H. [< thorium 
+ i/iimiHiti .] A mineral occurring in massive 
forms of a dull yellowish-brown color, and con- 
taininsrsilica ami tin- oxidsof uranium, thorium, 
and the metals of the cerium and yttrium groups. 
It is somewhat related to gtimmite, but is distinguished 
by containing thorium II occurs with trtulolinite and 
other rare minerals in Llano county, Texas. 
thorough (thur'6). i>re/>. and mlr. [Kiirly IIKM|. 
K. also tlioroir ; often written lirieily Ilioro'; < 
MK. thoroug, thiirini, thorn?. Ihoruli, tlmrn. 
tliorw, thorg, tlxin ,--h, I hurry, thumb, thourh, 
llinrijli, thurzh, Ihiiri-h, thiirlh, tlnnii, < AS. 
thurh, rarely and chiefly in comp. tln/rli, tlnrli. 
((North, thfrh = OS. iliurli, Iliuru = OFrit-H. 
Ihrni-li. trni-li. l''rics. trocli, also dor = MD. dear, 
door, D. rfoor = ML(>. ilun-li. </<>r = OHG. dnru/i. 
dhurah, durih, MHG. durrh, diir, (Jr. durch = 
Goth, thairli, thorough, through; orig., as the 
AS. (ONorth.) and Goth, forms indicate, with 
radical e (AS. therh, > "thenrli, > thurh) ; prob. 
orig. neut. ace. ('going through') of the adj. ap- 
pearing in OHG. dcrh, 'pierced,' whence also 
ult. AS. dim. thyrel (thyrhel) (= OHG. durhil, 
durihil, etc.), pierced, as a noun, thyrel, a hole 
(see thirl*, n.), and Goth, thairko, a hole (see 
thirl*, and cf. thurrock) ; perhaps ult. connect- 
ed with AS. thrinyan, etc., press, crowd (press 
through) : see thring, throng*. Hence, by trans- 
position, through 1 , the common modern form, 
differentiated from thorough as prep, and adv. 
For the form thorough,^ AS. thurh, cf. borough*, 
< AS. burh, and furrow, < AS. /wrA.] I. prep. 
Through. See through 1 , a later form of thor- 
ough, now the exclusive form as a preposition 
and adverb. 
He that wol thorghe Turkye, he gothe toward the Cytee 
of Nyke, and passethe thorghe the zate of Chlenetout. 
MandenUe, Travels, p. 21. 
Whan that dede was don deliuerli & sone 
Oode lawes thurth his lond lelly he sette. 
William of Palerne (E. E. T. 8.), 1. 5475. 
And thus we Sayled thorme the Gulf of Seynt Elene, other- 
wyse callyd the Gulf of Satalie, And com a long the Costes 
of Turkey, And ther we saw the Mowntaynes of Mace- 
donye. Torkington, Dlarie of Eng. Travell, p. 57. 
Over hill, over dale, 
Thorough bush, thorough brier, 
Over park, over pale, 
Thorough flood, thorough fire. 
SAa*., M.N. D.,11. 1. 8, 5. 
II. rtrfr. Through : as, thoroughgoing. See 
through*, adv. 
thorough (thur'6), . [(.thorough, adv.] 1. Go- 
ing through; through, in a literal sense: a form 
now occurring only m dialectal use or in certain 
phrases and compounds. See through*, a. 
Let all three sides be a double house, without thorough 
lights on the sides. Bacon, Building (ed. 1887). 
2. Going through, as to the end or bottom of 
anything; thoroughgoing. Hence (a) Penetrat- 
ing ; searching ; sharp ; keen. 
The intuitive decision of a bright 
And '//""<//;-' iL-'''l intellect to part 
Error from crime. Tennyson, Isabel, 
(ft) Leaving nothing undone; slighting nothing; not su- 
perficial. 
To be a thorough translator, he must be a thorough poet. 
Dryden, Translation. 
(e) Fully executed ; having no deficiencies ; hence, com- 
plete in all respects ; unqualified : perfect. 
Me seemes the Irish Horse-hoyes or Cuilles ... in the 
thorouyh reformation of that realme . . . should be cutt 
of. Spenser, State of Ireland 
Dark night. 
.Strike a full silence, do a thorout right 
To this great chorus. 
Beau, and ft., Maid's Tragedy, i. 
A Ih'ifnii'il, discussion of the evils and dangers of all 
paper money, by whomsoever issued. 
The Nation, XXI. 112. 
"/> Earnest; ardent [Rare.| 
She 's taen him in her arms twa, 
And glen him kisses thorough. 
The Braet o' Yarrow (Child's Ballads, III. 71). 
Thorough framing*, the framing of doors and windows. 
Thorough stress. See itreai. - Toll thorough. See 
MK 
thorough (thur'6), n. [< thorough, a. or adr.] 
1. That which goes through. Specifically (at) A 
thoroughfare ; a passage ; a channel. 
If any man would alter the natural course of any water 
to run a contrary way, . . . the alteration must be from 
the head, by making other thitrmtnh* and devices. 
.'. Bradford, Works (Parker Soc.), I. 303. (Dories.) 
(K) A furrow between two ridges. Ilalliirrll. [Prov. Eng.) 
(e) Same as perpend-*. 
2. In Brit, hist., in the reign of Charles I., the 
policy of Strafford and Laud of conducting or 
carrying through ('thorough') the administra- 
tion of public affairs without regard to obsta- 
cles. Hence the word is associated with their 
system of tyranny. 
The dark, gloomy countenance, the full, heavy eye, which 
meet us In Stratford's portrait, are the best commentary 
on his policy of Thorough. 
J. K. Oreen, Short Hist Eng., p. 509. 
thorough-bass (thur'6-bas), M. 1. In muxii; a 
figured bass, or basso continuo that is, a bass 
voice-part written out in full throughout an en- 
tire piece, and accompanied by numerals which 
thoroughbred 
inclieale si eiio^'ra phiciilly the Miceessixe chords 
of the harmony. 2. A sy.-tem of stenographic 
marks, especially numerald, thus used with a 
bass for the purpose of indicating the harmony . 
3. The science or art of harmonic composi 
lion in general: so called because of the prev- 
alence of such stenographic systems: a 1 
usage. The ordinary system uf thorough bass, that of 
numerals, appears am in a publication of Klchard Dcrlng 
In 1507, and Its earliest systematic presentation was by 
Viadana In 1612. In this system numerals are used to In- 
dicate the Intervals between each tone of the given bass 
and the constituent tones of the chord to which It belongs 
so far as is necessary for clearness. If Ibe ban tone Is 
the root of a triad, no numeral is used, unless, perhaps, 
In an opening chord, to mark the desired position of the 
soprano, or where a previous chord might occasion am- 
biguity. The first inversion of a triad Is Indicated either 
by ; or simply by 6; the second Inversion by ;. A sev- 
enth-chord is marked by 7 ; Its first Inversion by * or by I ; 
Its second Inversion by or by J; and Its third inversion 
'')' <> i. or simply 2. A chord of the ninth Is marked 0, 
etc. A suspension Is indicated by a numeral correspond- 
ing to its Interval from the bass, followed usually by a 
careful noting of the Interval of the resolution. In two 
successive chords having tones in common that are held 
over from one to the other in the same voices, the numer- 
als required to Indicate them In the first chord are given, 
and are followed in the second by dashes to mark their con- 
tinuance. Every chromatic deviation from the original 
tonality is Indicated. If the deviation occurs in a tone a 
third above the bass, a f, b, or 9 is generally used alone ; 
but If it affects a tone already indicated by a numeral, the 
accidental required is prettied to the numeral, except that, 
in place of a thus prefixed, it is customary to use a dash 
drawn through the numeral Itself (as ff or 4). A passage 
that Is to be performed without chords that Is, in uni- 
son or in octaves is marked fajtto solo, or t. s. It is 
practically possible to indicate in these ways every cle- 
ment in the most complicated harmonic writing, so that 
an entire accompaniment may l>e presented on a single 
staff. The interpretation of such a score requires a thor- 
ough knowledge of the principles of part-writing. In con- 
sequence of the wide-spread use of this system, the first 
Inversion of a triad Is often colloquially called a six-chord, 
the second inversion a fix-four chord, etc. 
thorough-bolt (thur'6-bolt), n. In mech., a bolt 
that passes through a hole and is secured in 
place by a nut screwed upon its projecting end : 
distinguished from a tap-bolt. 
thoroughboret, ' . i. [ME. thorouboren (= OHG. 
durliporon, MHG. durchborn, G. durchbohren); 
< thorouyh + bore*.'] To bore through; perfo- 
rate. R. Manning, Hist, of England (ed. Furni- 
vall), 1. 16184. 
thorough-brace (thur'6 -bras), w. A strong 
band of leather extending from the front ('- 
spring to the back one, and support ingthe body 
of a coach or other vehicle. E. H. Knight. 
thorough-braced (thur'6-brast), n. Provide'tl 
with or supported by thorough-braces. 
The old-fashioned thorough-braced wagon. 
8. O. Jevxtt, Country Doctor, p. II). 
thoroughbred (thur'o-bred), a. and . [Also 
throughbred; < thorough + bred.] I. a. 1. Of 
pure or unmixed breed, stock, or race; bred 
from a sire and dam of the purest or best blood. 
See II. 
Many young gentlemen canter up on Uiorovgh-bred 
hacks, spatter-dashed to the knee. 
Thackeray, Vanity Fair, xlr. 
Hence 2. Having the qualities character- 
istic of pure breeding; high-spirited; mettle- 
some ; elegant or graceful in form or bearing : 
sometimes applied colloquially to persons. 
3. Thoroughgoing; thorough. 
Your thoroughbred casuist is apt to be very little of a 
Christian. Preteott, Ferd. and Isa., II. 23, note. 
Gushing, scarce a man In years, 
But a sailor Umnughbred. 
The Century, XXXVIII. 7:in. 
n. ". An animal, especially a horse, of pure 
blood, stock, or race; strictly, and as noting 
horses, a race-horse all of whose ancestors for a 
given number of generations (seven in England, 
five in America) are recorded in the stud-book. 
