thou 
the ns:ii;e <>l the I'Yiemls) ramiliarily, wrath, 
scorn, eonteinpt, ete. 
She was neiiur licnl o much a> to Ihou any In anger. 
Stuoben, christnl (ilasire (New slink. S...M, p. log. 
Taunt him with the license of Ink : If them tlmu'si him 
Borne thrice, it shall M..I l>,- amiss. Shale., T. X., iii. -'. IK 
II. inti'iliix. To use Mm/, tln-i; tlii/. mill Mi/ir 
in discourse, as ilo the Friends. 
though (Tllo), rmij. and ttilr. [Also written 
lii-lolly tint', tlio; < .\IK. tlnnigh, tlioiighc, tlini/li. 
tlior, HIII/I, tluiip, thixi, tli, tliitnli, tint?, Hutu, tlniili, 
tltes, thei, thcig, theigk, etc., < AS. thedh, theli = 
os. llmh = OFries. thtii-h = I), dock = ML.G. 
rfw// = ollli. ,!!,, iluli, MIKi. </</,, G. rfof/* = 
Icel. </< = Sw. iliirk = Dan. ilnij = Goth, tlnuili, 
though (the Goth, form indicating a formation 
< "tint, pronominal base of that, etc., + -nil, an 
enclitic particle).] I. eonj. 1. Notwithstanding 
that; in spite of the fact that; albeit; while: 
followed by a clause, usually indicative, either 
completely or elliptically expressed, and not- 
ing a recognized fact. 
Thng the usse spac, frlgtede he [Balaam] nogt. 
Genesis and Exodus (E. E. T. 8.\ 1. 3978. 
Thaj Arther the hende kyng at herte hade wonder, 
He let no aemblaunt be sene. 
Sir Gawayne and the Oreen Knight (E. E. T. 8.), 1. 467. 
This child, the hit were jung, wel hit undented, 
For sell child is sone 1-lered ther he wole hco god. 
Hfe of Thomas Beket, p. 8. (HallimU.) 
He's young and handsome, though he be my brother. 
Beau, and Ft., Scornful Lady, III. 2. 
Her plans, though vast, were never visionary. 
Prescott, Ferd. and Isa., II. 16. 
2. Conceding or allowing that; however true 
it be that; even were it the case that; even if: 
followed by a subjunctive clause noting a mere 
possibility or supposition. 
I parfonrned the penaunce the preest me enloyned, 
And am fill sorl for my synnes. and so I shal enere 
Whan I thinke there-on, thevihe I were a pope. 
fieri Plowman (B), v. 600. 
We . . . charge noght his chateryng, thogh he chide euer. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. 8-X 1. 1931. 
Nay, take all, 
Though 'twere my exhibition to a royal 
For one whole year. 
Fletcher, Spanish Curate, I. 1. 
What would It avail us to hare a hireling Clergy, though 
never so learned? Milton, On Def. of Humb. Remonst 
3. Hence, without concessive force, in the case 
that; if: commonly used in the expression as 
though . 
And schalle be youre Deffence in all aduersslte, 
At though that y were dayly In youre sight. 
Political Poem, etc. (ed. FurnlvallX p. 40. 
In the vine were three branches, and It was as though 
it budded. Gen. xl. 10. 
O, how can Love's eye !>e true, 
That is so vex'd with watching and with tears? 
No marvel, then, though I mistake my view. 
Shot., Sonnets, cxlvill. 
The beauty of her flesh ahash'd the boy, 
As tho* it were the beauty of her soul. 
Tennyson, Pelleaa and Ettarre. 
4. Nevertheless; however; still; but: followed 
by a clause restricting or modifying preceding 
statements. 
Lecherle . . . Is on of the zeuen dyadlichezennes, thag 
ther liy zome bronchea thetne byeth nagt dyadlich zenne. 
Ayenbite of Inwyt (E. E. T. 8.), p. 9. 
Glad shall I be if I meet with no more such brunts; 
though I fear we are not got beyond all danger. 
Illinium, Pilgrim's Progress, i. 
As though. See def. 3. Though thatt, though. 
Though that my death were adjunct to my act, 
By heaven, I would do It. Shair., K. John, iii. 3. 57. 
What though (elliptically for what though the fact or 
case in no), what does that matter? what does It signify? 
need I (we, you, etc.) care about that? 
I keep but three men, . . . bnt what though f yet I live 
like a poor gentleman born. Shak., M. W. of W., 1. 1. 286. 
= 8yn. Although, Though, etc. (See although.) While, 
Though. See while. 
II. flrfr. Notwithstanding this or that; how- 
ever ; for all that. 
Would Katharine had never seen him though! 
Shale., T. of the 8., ill. 2. 26. 
I' fnith. Sneer, though, I am afraid we were a little too 
severe on sir Fretful. Sheridan, The Critic, I. 1. 
though-allt (THo'al), conj. [ME. though al, 
Hi < if nl, etc.: < though + all. Cf. altliouyh .] 
Although. 
I am but a symple knave, 
Thofall I come of curtayse kynne. 
York Plays, p. 121. 
Xowe lokc on me, my lorde dere, 
Thnfall I put me noght in pres. 
York Plays, p. 122. 
thoughlesst (THo'les), conj. [ME. thanes; < 
though + -li:in as in unless.] Nevertheless; 
still: however. 
6303 
Thajle* the wone i- kneailuol, :ml m:iy wrl wendi- tn 
tenue dyadlich. Aycnuitnif Ii, .' i I I . s.), p. i;. 
thought 1 (thiit), a. [< MK. iliniit//it, thiniht, tlmlil, 
thug I, tllUgt, itllOgt, < AS. i/rtluihl, llUo tln-ulit, 
yetlteaht =: ( )S. i/itlm/it, (.. t hinking, belief, = D. 
'iji-il<trhte = OIK'i. -ilnlit. MIKi. il<ilit. {., thought, 
DHO.fNMtt (cf. OIK:. ,<./<//,/. M IK :.-/-//,/, 
G. iiiniiirlii, attention, devotion (= Goth. HH- 
ilittlinlit.i, attention), G. bedacht, deliberation) 
= led. Iliotli. tlinlti; thought, = Gotli. thiilttu*. 
thought (the above forms being more or less con- 
fused); with formative -t or -tti, < AS. tlitm-mi 
(pret. thohte), etc., think: see f/miJti.] 1. The 
act or the product of thinking, psychologically 
considered, thought has two elements one a series of 
phenomena of consciousness during an interval of time in 
which there li no noticeable interruption of the current 
of association by outward reactions (peripheral sensations 
and muscular efforts); the other a more or lew definite 
acquisition to the stock of mental possessions namely, a 
notion, which may repeatedly present itself and be recog- 
nized as Identical. The former of these elements Is the 
act of thinking as it appears to consciousness; the latter 
is the lasting effect produced upon the mind, likewise 
considered from the point of view of consciousness, (a) 
In the most concrete sense, a single step In a process of 
thinking; a notion; a reflection. 
" They are never alone," said I "that are accompanied 
with noble thoughts." Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, I. 
Truth shall nurse her, 
Holy and heavenly thoughts still counsel her. 
Shale., Hen. VIII., T. 5. 30. 
Some to Conceit alone their taste confine, 
And glittering thoughts struck out at every line. 
Pope, Essay on Criticism, L 290. 
To me the meanest flower that blows can give 
Thoughts that do often lie too deep for tears. 
Wordsworth, Ode, Immortality. 
(6) The condition or state of a person during such mental 
action. 
Horn sat upon the grunde, 
In thujte he was Ihunde. 
King Horn (E. E. T. 8.), p. 32. 
Sir Bedlvere . . . paced beside the mere, 
Counting the dewy pebbles, flx'd In thought. 
Tennyson, Morte d'Arthur. 
(I A synonym of cognition in the common threefold divi- 
sion of modes of consciousness : from the fact that thought, 
as above described, embraces every cognitive process ex- 
cept sensation, which is a mode of consciousness more al- 
lied to volition than to other kinds of cognition. 
Feeling, thought, and action are to a certain extent op- 
posed or mutually exclusive states of mind. 
J. Sully, Outlines of Psychol., p. 657. 
(d) The objective element of the intellectual product. 
Thought always proceeds from the less to the more de- 
terminate, and, in doing so, it cannot determine any object 
nltively without determining It negatively, or determine 
egatively without determining It positively. 
E. Caird, Philos. of Kant, p. 313. 
Thought Is, in every case, the cognition of an object, 
which really, actually, existentially out of thought, Is ideal- 
ly, intellectually, Intelligibly within it; and just because 
within in the latter sense, Is it known as actually without 
In the former. Mind, No. 35, July, 1884. 
(e) A judgment or mental proposition, in which form the 
concept always appears. 
Thought pro per, as distinguished from other facts of con- 
sciousness, may be adequately described as the act of know- 
ing or judging things by means of concepts. 
Dean Hansel, Prolegomena to Logic, p. 22. 
(/) An argument, Inference, or process of reasoning, by 
which process the concept is always produced. 
Without entering upon the speculations of the Nominal- 
ists and the Realists, we must admit that. In the process 
of ratiocination, properly called thought, the mind acts 
only by words. 6. P. Marsh, Lects. on Eng. Lang., I. 
(g) A concept, considered as something which, under the 
influence of experience and mental action, has a develop- 
ment of its own, more or less Independent of individual 
caprices, and that (1) in the life of an Individual, and (2) 
in history : as, the gradual development of Greek thought. 
(hi The subjective element of Intellectual activity; think- 
ing. 
By the word thmtght I understand all that which so takes 
place In us that we of ourselves are Immediately conscious 
of It Descartes, Prln. of Philos. (tr. by VeitchX i. i 0. 
(i) The understanding ; intellect. 
For our instruction, to impart 
Things above earthly thought. Milton, P. L. , vil 82. 
What never was seen or heard of may yet be conceived; 
nor is anything beyond the power of thought except what 
implies an absolute contradiction. 
Hume, Inquiry concerning Human Understanding, ii. 
2. An intention; a design; a purpose; also, a 
half-formed determination or expectation with 
reference to future action : with of: as, I have 
Rome thought of going to Europe. 
They have not only thotighlt of repentance, but general 
purposes of doing the acts of it at one time or other. 
StUlingJteet, Sermons, II. 111. 
The snn was very low when we came to this place, and 
we bad some thoughts of staying there all night ; but the 
people gave us no great encouragement. 
Pococlce, Description of the East, II. 1. 106. 
3. /il. A particular frame of mind ; a mood or 
temper. 
I would not there reside, 
To put my father in impatient thoughts 
By being In his eye. SAa*., Othello, i. 3. 243. 
thoughtful 
It glads me 
TII mid your thought* so even. 
B. Jonson, Catiline, ill. 1. 
4t. Dottbtj perplexity. 
Whan the Ionics vndlrstod that kynge Arthur was gon 
and lefte his londv, than tht-i haddc grete thought where- 
fore it myght be ; but no wise cowde tlu-i devise the cause. 
Merlin il I i. - , ii. ITi.. 
B. Care; trouble; anxiety; grid'. 
There Is another thynge . . . 
Which cause Is of my dtth for norwi; and thought. 
Chaucer, Trollus, 1. 479. 
In this thought and this anguyssh was the mayden by 
the conlurlson of Merlin. Merlin (E. E. T. .), ill. 008. 
Take no thought |be not anxious, R. V.] for your life. 
what ye shall eat, or what ye (hall drink. Mat. vi. 26. 
Gouzalea was done to death by Casca. Soto died of 
thought in Florida ; and ciulll wars eate vp the rest In 
Peru. Pvrchas, Pilgrimage, p. 871. 
6. A slight degree ; a fraction ; a trifle ; a little : 
used in the adverbial phrase a thought: as, a 
t/iuiii/lit too small. 
Here be they are every way as fair as she, and a thought 
fairer, I trow. B. Jonson, Cynthia's Revels, Iv. 1. 
Though I now totter, yet I think I am a thought better. 
Suift, Letter, Aug. 12, 1727. 
Elemental law of thought. See elemental. Free 
thought. See free. Objective thought See objec- 
tive reason, under utijectivf. Second thoughts, maturer 
or calmer reflection ; after consideration : as, on second 
thoughts, I will not speak of it. 
Is it so true that necund thoughts are best? 
Not first, and third, which are a riper first? 
Tennyton, Sea Dreams. 
Upon or with a thought, with the speed of thought : 
In a twinkling ; immediately. 
The tit is momentary ; upon a thought 
He will again lie well. Shale., Macbeth, III. 4. Si. 
I will be here again, even irtth a thought. 
Shalr.,J. C., v. 3. 18. 
What is my thought like ? a game In which one or 
more of the players think of a certain object, and the rest, 
through questions as to what that thought or object Is 
like, try to guess it. = 8yn. 1. (o) Feeling, etc. (see senti- 
ment); imagination, supposition. 
thought 2 (that). Preterit and past participle 
of MMfcl. 
thought 3 (that). Preterit of tMnV*. 
thought 4 (that), H. [Also thoirt; dial, form of 
thofft ; in part a corruption of Uncart 1 .] A row- 
er's seat; a thwart. [Prov. Eng.] 
The thought*, the seats of rowers In a boat. 
Diet. ap. Moor. (BaUiicell, under thtncts.) 
thoughted (thft'ted), . [< thought! + -frf2.J 
Having thoughts : used chiefly in composition 
with a qualifying word. 
Low-thoughtcd care. Milton, Comus, I. 6. 
Those whom passion hath not blinded, 
Subtle-fAoujiAted, myriad-minded. 
Trnniitmi, Ode to Memory. 
Shsllow.fAo0/iterf. and cold-hearted. 
It. Spencer, Universal Progress, p. 102. 
thoughtent (tha'tn). An old preterit plural 
(and irregular past participle) of think 1 . 
Be you thoughten 
That I came with no 111 intent. 
Shot., Pericles, Iv. 6. 115. 
thought-executing (that'ek'se-ku-ting), it. 
Effective with the swiftness of thought. Com- 
pare upon a thought, under thought 1 . 
You sulphurous and thoughtexecuting fires. 
Vaunt-couriers to oak-cleaving thunderbolts ! 
Shak., Lear, III. 2. 4. 
thoughtful (that'ful), a. [< ME. thoughtful, 
thiilitful, thoztful; < thought + -//.] 1. Occu- 
pied with thought; engaged in or disposed to 
reflection; contemplative; meditative. 
On these he mus'd within his thi> ; ihiful mind. 
Dryiien, .ttneid, viL S4". 
No circumstance is more characteristic of an educated 
and thoughtful man than that he is ready, from time to 
time, to review bis moral judgements. 
Fowler, 8haftesbury and Hutcheson, p. 91. 
2. Characterized by or manifesting thought; 
pertaining to thought ; concerned with or dedi- 
cated to thought. 
War, horrid war. your thoughtful walks invades. 
And steel now glitters In the Muses' shades. 
Pope, Choruses to Tragedy of Brutus, i. 7. 
Much in vain, my zealous mind 
Would to learned Wisdom's throne 
Dedicate each thoughtful hour. 
Akenside, Odes, il. 9. 
His coloring (In so far as one can judge of It by repro- 
duction) Is pleasing if not perceptibly thmi'/htful. 
The Xatian, XLVII MO. 
3. Mindful, as to something specified; heed- 
ful ; careful : followed by of or an infinitive. 
For this they have been thoughtful to Invest 
Their sons with arts and martial exercises. 
Shak., 2 Hen. IV., IT. 5. 73. 
Thoughtful of thy gain. 
Not of my own. J. Philips, Cider, I. 364. 
4. Showing regard or consideration for others; 
benevolent; considerate; kindly. 
