throstle 
were orig. identical with those in (c), then the 
forms in (/) were orig. identical with those in 
(a) and (6), and the whole set are reduced to 
one primitive form, represented by (c) or, with 
initial s, (d), and a dim. of the same. This is 
one of few bird-names of wide native range in 
the Indo-Eur. languages, (g) Cf. OBulg. droz- 
gu, Russ. drozdii, a thrush. (/) Cf. F. trdle, a 
throstle; from Teut.] 1. A thrush; especially, 
the song-thrush or mavis, Turdus musicus. See 
thrasher?, and cut under thrush 1 . [British.] 
The throstel old, the froaty f eldefare. 
Chaucer, Parliament of Fowls, 1. 364. 
I herde the jaye, and the throsteUe, 
The mawys menyde of hir aonge. 
Thomas of Erssddmme (Child's Ballads, I. 98). 
The throstle with his note so true, 
The wren with little quill. 
Shak., M. N. D., Hi. 1. 130. 
In the gloamin <>' the wood 
The throssU whusslit sweet. 
Motherwell, Jeanie Morrison. 
2. A machine for spinning wool, cotton, etc., 
from the rove, consisting of a set of drawing- 
rollers with bobbins and fliers, and differing 
from the mule in having the twisting-apparatus 
stationary, and also in that it twists and winds 
simultaneously and continuously. Yam from the 
throstle is smooth, and is used for sewing-thread and the 
warp of heavy goods, while yarn from the mule is soft and 
downy, and is used for the weft of heavy goods, and both 
warp and weft of light goods. Also called water-frame, 
because at first driven by water, and originating in the 
water-frame of Arkwright. See cut under water-frame. 
Also throstle-frame. 
Yarn, as delivered from the mule in woollen-spinning, 
or from the throstle in the case of worsteds, is in the con- 
dition known as singles. Encyc. Brit., XXIV. 669. 
throstle-COCk (thros'l-kok), n. [Early mod. E. 
also thrustle-cock, thresel-cock ; < ME. throstel- 
cok, throstelkok, throstylkock, thrustelcok, thres- 
telcok, thyrstyllecok; < throstle + cock 1 . Cf. tltriee- 
cock.] The male mistlethrush. [Prov. Eng.] 
The ousel and the throstle-cocke, 
Chief musick of our Maye. 
Draytan, Shepherd's Garland. (Nares.) 
Methinks I hear the thresel-cock, 
Methinks I hear the jaye. 
Little Mmgrave and Lady Barnard (Child's Ballads, II. 18). 
throstle-frame (thros'1-fram), i. Same as 
throstle, 2. 
throstling (thros'ling), n. [Appar. < throstle + 
-ing\ after thrush? confused with thrush 1 (?).] 
A disease of cattle occasioned by a swelling un- 
der the throat. 
throttle (throt'l), n. [< ME. "throtel = G. dros- 
sel, the throat; dim. of throat.'] I. The throat, 
(a) The gullet or swallow : same as throat, 2 (a). 
Leaving all claretless the unmoistened throttle. 
Byron, Don Juan, xiv. 58. 
(i) The windpipe or thropple : same as throat, 2 (&> 
jEneaa with that vision stricken down, 
Well nere bestraught, vpstart his heare for dread, 
Amid his thnatel his voice likewise 'gan stick. 
Surrey, JEneid, iv. 361. 
At the upper extream it [the bittern] hath no fit larinx 
or throttle to quallifle the sound, and at the other end by 
two branches deriveth itself into the lungs. 
SirT. Browne, Vulg. Err., iii. 27. 
2. A throttle-valve. 
If the engine is not fitted with driver-brakes, he must 
reverse the engine and again open the throttle. 
ScrUmer'i Mag., VI. 832. 
throttle (throt'l), v. ; pret. and pp. throttled, 
ppr. throttling. [< ME. throtlen (= G. er-dros- 
seln); < throttle, .] I. intrans. 1. To choke; 
suffocate ; have the throat obstructed so as to 
be in danger of suffocation. Imp. Diet. 2. To 
breathe hard, as when nearly suffocated. Ima. 
Diet. 
II. trans. 1. To choke; suffocate; stop the 
breath of by compressing the throat; strangle. 
'Tis but to pull the pillow from his head, 
And he is throttled. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 3. 
They seized him, pulled him down, and would probably 
soon have throttled him. Scott, Quentiu Durward, xxxiii. 
2f. To pronounce with a choking voice ; utter 
with breaks and interruptions, like a person 
half suffocated. 
I have seen them shiver and look pale 
Make periods in the midst of sentences 
Throttle their practised accent in their fears 
Shak., M. N. D., v. 1. 97. 
3. To obstruct by a throttle-valve or other- 
wise : said of steam, a steam-pipe, or a steam- 
engine. 
When the ports and passages offer much resistance the 
steam is expressively said to be throttled or wire-drawn 
Encyc. Brit., XXII. 487. 
The engine was running nearly at full power, very 
slightly throttled. The Ungi^LXV. 430 
=Syn. 1. Strangle, etc. See smother. 
6314 
throttle-damper (throt'l-dam''per), n. Ail ad- 
justable damper. 
throttle-lever (throt'l-lev'er), n. In steam-en- 
gines, the hand-lever by which the throttle- 
valve is worked : used chiefly in locomotive en- 
gines. See cut under passenger-en gine. 
throttler (throt'ler), n. [< throttle + -er 1 .] 
One who or that which throttles or chokes. 
throttle-valve (throt'1-valv), n. A valve in 
the steam-pipe of a boiler for controlling the 
flow of steam to any apparatus, more particu- 
larly such a valve placed in the eduction-pipe 
of a steam-engine. 
through 1 (thro), prep, and adv. [Also some- 
times thro, thro'; < ME. 'thrugh, thruch, thruc, 
thruh (= OFries. thruch), a transposed form of 
thurgh, thurh, etc., < AS. thurh, through: see 
thorough, which is the reg. mod. form of the 
word, now partly differentiated, being used 
chiefly as an adj., while through is used as the 
prep, and (less exclusively) as the adv. Nearly 
all the ME. instances belong to thorough. Cf. 
thrill 1 for thirl 1 , ult. from through, thorough.] 
1. prep. 1. From one side or end to the other 
side or end of; from the beginning to the end 
of: expressing transition or motion from or as 
from one point to another. Specifically (o) De- 
noting passage from one point to another, especially in 
a direct line from one end or side to the other end or side 
of something, either by penetration or by motion in and 
along some passage, opening, or space already formed : as, 
to bore a hole through a beam ; to pass through a town ; 
to creep through a hole ; to march through the streets ; to 
see through a telescope ; to cut through several thick- 
nesses ; to pass through a doorway. Sometimes emphati- 
cally reduplicated, as in the phrase through and through. 
Thy slander hath gone through and through her heart. 
Shak., Much Ado, v. 1. 68. 
I'd make this ten mile forty mile about, 
Before I'd ride through any market-town. 
Middletan (and others), The Widow, iii. 3. 
Oftentimes they vse for swords the home of a Deere 
put through a peece of wood in forme of a Pickaxe. 
Capt. John Smith, Works, I. 132. 
The Court could not see ... that the nation had out- 
grown its old institutions, . . . was pressing against them, 
and would soon burst through them. 
Macaulay, Lord Bacon. 
If we look through & pane of red glass, rays which come 
through it to the eye from a white object will be red. 
Amer. Jour. Psychol., II. 638. 
(b) From the beginning to the end of; in or during the 
course of; coincident with: as, to enjoy good health all 
through life. 
They alledge the antiquity of Episcopacy through all 
Ages. Milton, Reformation in Eng., ii. 
A shapeless mound, cumbrous with its very strength, 
and overgrown, through long years of peace and neglect, 
with grass and alien weeds. 
Hawthorne, Scarlet Letter, Int., p. 22. 
(c) Throughout ; over the whole surface or extent of ; in 
all directions in ; all over : as, to travel through the coun- 
try. 
In the same Prouince of Tanguth is Succuir, whose 
Mountaines are clothed with Rheubarbe, from whence it 
is by Merchants conueyed through the World. 
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 427. 
By us, your Fame shall thro' the World be blaz'd. 
Congreve, tr. of Ovid's Art of Love. 
Mental emotions undoubtedly destroy life by the over- 
whelming perturbation which they produce through the 
whole nervous system. 
J. H. Carnochan, Operative Surgery, p. 98. 
(d) Expressing passage in and out of, among, along, or 
within some yielding medium, or separable or penetrable 
aggregate : as, to move through the water, as a fish or a 
ship ; to wander through the jungle ; to run the fingers 
through the hair. 
Afore I will endure such another half day with him, I'll 
be drawn with a good gib-cat through the great pond at 
home. B. Jonson, Bartholomew Fair, i. 1. 
We glide serenely enough through still deep reaches 
where the current is insignificant. 
Fortnightly Rev., N. S., XLIII. 629. 
(e) Expressing complete passage from one step to another 
in any series or course of action or treatment : as, to go 
through an operation ; to go through college (that is, a 
course of instruction in college) ; to go through a course 
of treatment or training. 
2. Among: expressing a succession of experi- 
ences in passing along any course to ultimate 
exit or emergence: as, to pass through perils 
or tribulations. 
And I must blame all you that may advise him ; 
That, having help'd him through all martial dangers, 
You let him stick at the kind rites of peace. 
Chapman, Byron's Conspiracy, iv. 1. 
3. By way of: expressing a preliminary or in- 
termediate stage. 
The brown plain far and wide 
Changed year by year through green to hoary gold. 
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, II. 201. 
4. By means of: expressing instrumentality, 
means, or agency. 
It is through me they have got this corner of the Court 
to cozen ill. B. Jonson, Mercury Vindicated. 
through-ganging 
All salvation is through Christ. 
Sir T. Browne, Religio Medici, i. 54. 
5. By reason of; on account of; in conse- 
quence of; out of: expressing reason or actu- 
ating principle or impulse: as, to run away 
through fear. 
He rested him on the floore, unfltte through his rusticity 
for a better place. Spenser, To Sir Walter Raleigh. 
This proceedes throughthe barbarous ignoraunceof the 
time, and pride of many Gentlemen. 
Putieiiham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 14. 
I feel my fault, which only was committed 
Through my dear love to you. 
Fletcher, Humorous Lieutenant, i. 1. 
Cannot you surmise the weakness which I hitherto, 
through shame, have concealed even from you? 
Sheridan, School for Scandal, i. 1. 
Himself secure in the wise liberality of the successive 
administrations through which he had held office, he had 
been the safety of his subordinates in many an hour of 
danger and heartquake. 
Hawthorne, Scarlet Letter, Int., p. 12. 
To break, get, go, look, etc., through. See the verbs. 
II. adv. 1. From one end or side to the 
other: as, to pierce or bore a thing through. 
See thorough, adv. 
Truth has rough flavours if we bite it through. 
George Eliot, Armgart, ii. 
2. From beginning to end: as, to read a let- 
ter through. 3. To the end; to the ultimate 
purpose: as, to carry a project through. 4. 
To the end or terminal point, as of a line of 
travel: as, that ticket will take you through. 
5f. Thoroughly. 
I protest 
Myself through rarifled, and turned all flame 
In your affection. B. Jonson, Sejanus, ii. 1. 
Through and through, thoroughly ; out and out : as, 
a method through and through speculative. To bear 
carry, fall, put, etc., through. See the verbs. To 
be through, to nave finished ; have done : as, are you 
through? [Colloq.] To drop through, to fall to pieces; 
come to naught ; fail or perish : same as to fall through : 
as, the scheme dropped through. 
Through idleness . . . the house droppeth through. 
Eccl. x. 18. 
through 1 (thro), ft. [< through*, adv. Cf. thor- 
ough, a.] 1. Clear; open; unobstructed. 
Was there not a through way then made by the swoord 
for the imposing of lawes uppon them ? 
Spenser, State of Ireland. 
2. That extends or goes with little or no inter- 
ruption or without change from one important 
or distant place to another: as, a through line 
of railway; a through train; a through passen- 
ger. 3. That entitles to transportation to the 
end of the line or succession of lines by which 
some distant point is reached: as, a through tick- 
et ; a through bill of lading Through bolt, a bolt 
which passes through from side to side of what it fastens. 
Through bridge. See bridge. Through coal, the 
name given in the South Wales coal-field to a mixture of 
large and small coal. Also called altogether coal, and in 
Somersetshire brush-coal. None of these terms are used in 
the United States. Through fang. See/a ng. Through 
rate, a rate or price charged for carrying goods or passen- 
gers to a distant destination, over the routes of various 
carrying companies, as by rail, steamer, coach, etc., gener- 
ally fixed at a lower figure than the consignor or passenger 
could obtain by separate arrangement with each company. 
Through ticket, a railway- or steamboat-ticket good 
for the whole of a journey, often entitling the holder to 
travel on the lines or conveyances of more than one com- 
pany. Through traffic, the traffic from end to end of a 
railway system, or between two important centers at a 
wide distance from each other: opposed to local traffic. 
Through train a train which goes the whole length of a 
long railway route ; a train running between two or more 
important centers at long distances, especially when it 
makes few or no stoppages by the way. 
through' 2 (thro), n. [< ME. thrugh, throgli, 
throtig, thruh, throh, throwe, thurgh, < AS. thruh 
(= OHG. druha, truha, MHG. truhe = Icel. 
thro), a coffln.] If. A stone coffin. 
Ase me wolde him nymen up, 
Ant leggen in a throh of ston. 
Chron. of England, 747. (Hattiwett.) 
2. A through-stone ; a perpend. 
Than passid the pepull to the pure thrugh : 
As kend horn Cassandra thai kyndlit a fire. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S-X 1. 11820. 
throughbredt (thro'bred), a. Thoroughbred, 
through-coldt (thro'kold), u. A deep-seated 
cold. Holland. 
throughfaret (thr6'far),n. [See thoroughfare.] 
A thoroughfare ; an unobstructed passage. 
The Hyrcanian deserts and the vasty wilds 
Of wide Arabia are as through farts now. 
Shak., M. of V., ii. 7. 42. 
through-gang (thro'gang), n. A thoroughfare. 
[Scotch.] 
through-ganging (thr6'gang"ing), a. Same as 
through-going. [Scotch.] 
Ye're a gentleman, sir, and should ken a horse's points; 
ye see that through ganging thing that Ualmawhapple's 
on ; I selled her till him. Scott, Waverley, xxxix. 
