-. | 
thussock 
thUBSOCkt, >i. Same us IIIH.IIM-I:. 
thuswise ct'iius'wi/), '</'. [X r/i.' + 
In lliis ma ..... -r; Ilius. [Kare.] 
It is surely I'rlt.-r . . . to acquire pieces of historical 
Information tktuwtot than never to ac.ntin- iln-in at all. 
Xilli't" it/ti Crnliiri/, X.\ ll:i. 
Thuya (tlm'vji), . |JS'L. (Totirnefort, 1700). < 
<!. linn, Hi,,, an Afririin tree with sweet-smell- 
ing wood, supposed to be a kind of juniper or 
arbor-vitie.] A genni of oonifen (the arbor-vi- 
ta), of tho tribe 1'u)iri-ssi>ii-;r and subtrilic Tlni- 
i/ii/isi/liii;r. It is distinguished from Cupremui, the cy- 
press, by its smaller, less ilullirateit eoue>. :ui<l UMlalh rnni- 
planatc leafy hranches. Tin- 4 species are natives of North 
Aiin-rica ami eastern Asia. They an- evergreen tn-i-s :m>l 
shrtlhs with a very clianr-tci i-.f ir habit, having the flat 
leaf-like hninehleta almost wholly covered by small ap- 
pi . -< .\ imlii n -at* .! Ir.ivt-H. Mime of which are awl-shaped 
and slightly spreading; others, on ilillercnt hranchlets, are 
hlnnl, scale-like, and adn:it< -. The Hinall ovoid or ohluliK 
cone rarely exceeds half an inch in length, and in usually 
composed of from three t*j six pairsof coriaceous scales, dry 
and spreading when ripe, the lowest and uppermost empty, 
the others betn-ing two or three seeds each. The typical 
species, T. ivcidentali*, the arbor-vitw, or white ceuar, of 
Branch with Cones of American Arbor-vita: ( Thuya otfitteHtaiu). 
a, the 
ale flower ; A. scale of cone, showing the two seeds ; < . a seed, 
ventral view. 
the northern ('tilted states, forms extensive cedar-swamps 
from Minnesota to central New Vork and New Brunswick, 
and occurs on rocky hanks and along the mountains to 
North Carolina. It is usually a small tree, hut is some- 
times from 50 to 70 feet high. It is cultivated for lawns and 
hedges, and yields a valuable light-brown wood, a very 
aromatic oil, and a tincture used aa an emmenagogue. T. 
ii-i', iit:'<! , the canoe-cedar, or red cedar, of the West, found 
chiefly from AlaHka to Oregon, Is a large tree often from 100 
to IX. feet high and 12 feet in diameter. One is said to have 
measured 22 feet in diameter and 325 In height. The trunk 
rises often for 100 feet as a columnar shaft free from 
brunches. The trunks were hollowed out by the Indians 
Into canoes. The dull reddish-brown wood which is 
light, soft, compact, easily worked, and. as in the other 
species, slow to decay is greatly rained for cabinet-work, 
interior finish, cooperage, etc. The bark yields a fiber 
which is made into hats, mats, and baskets. In cultiva- 
tion it is often known by the names of T. plicata and T. 
Lnbbii, and in Kurope as Libocedrwidecurrens, by an early 
exchange with the true Libocedrux, the incense-cedar of 
California. The other commonly cultivated species, T. 
(Biota)orientaliM, the Chinese ai'boi vit;r. native of eastern 
Asia, is parent of numerous varieties remarkably different 
in habit, with bright-green, golden, silvery, or variegated 
spray, closer and more vertical than in the tree of the 
Atlantic coast, or drooping, elongated, and slightly cylin- 
drical in the variety ptnduta, the weeping arbor-vita.-. Sev- 
eral other species formerly classed here are now separated, 
as the genera Thttyttpgis and Chamjrcyparif. Compare 
also Itftiniutpwa. 
thuyite (tlm'yit), . [< Thuya + -it&.~\ A fos- 
sil plant supposed to belong or be closely re- 
lated to Thuya. Several plants from the Wealden and 
Jurassic have been described under Tluniitr* as a generic 
name, in regard to all or most of which there is considera- 
ble uncertainty. 
Thuyopsidinae (thu-yop-si-di'ne). n. jil. [NL. 
(Engler, iss7). < I%nyopi* (-id-) + -iiue.] A 
subtribe of conifers, of the tribe Cupressinex, 
typified by the genus Tlniyopgin, and compris- 
ing also Liboce<trun and Thuya. 
Thuyopsis (thu-yop'sis), n. [NL. (Siebold and 
Zuccarini, 1842). < Tliin/ti + Gr. otjtif, resem- 
blance.] A genus of conifers, of the tribe Cu- 
prenxiiii-.T. typo of tin- subtribe 77i//->;i.viV/;/,T. 
It is characterized by its narrowly two-winged seeds, four 
or five under each of four to eight fertile scales of the 
globose cone. The only species, T. diJabrata, is a native 
of Japan, tilt-re know n as itkrlri. ami planted to shade ave- 
nues. It is a tall conical evergreen from riOtolMfret high. 
Its pendulous whorled primary branches bear very immer- 
Otis two-ranked branchlets wholly covered )>y opposite 
leaves imbricated in four ranks, the marginal ranks larger, 
acute, and slightly spreading, the others appressed, glan- 
dular, and shining. It is cultivated in dwarf varieties an 
a shrub for lawns, under the mime of hatchrt-lraoed arbor- 
ritir. 
thwack (tliwuk), r.l. [Also dial, tirni-k ; avar. 
of ir/iiic/,-, prob. dm- in part to confusion with 
the equiv. /line/.-, and in part to a phonetic in- 
terchange, irli- to line-, which occurs in the other 
direction in irliilt", var. of thtcite, in whittle, var. 
of lliieittlc, in icluirt. var. of tliinirtl, etc.] 1. To 
strike with something flat or hard ; beat; bang: 
whack. 
He shall not stay, 
We'll thtraclc him hence with distaffs. 
Shot., W. T., I. >. :(". 
Take all my cushions down, and thwack them soundly, 
After my feast of millers. 
iliddlet'iH (and another). Mayor of Qucenliorough, v. 1. 
2f. To rain down ; pack. 
The letters he addressed me from time to time, to the 
number of six hundred, thwackt with loue and kindnesse. 
SlaiMttnt, Kcscrip. of Ireland (Holinshed's Chron., 1. 42). 
thwack (thwak), n. [< thirark, v.] A sharp 
blow with something flat or bard; a whack ; 
a bang. 
But Talgol first with haul) thwack 
Twice bruised his head, and twice his back. 
X Hntlrr, Hudlbras, I. II. 7:,. 
Noble captain, lend me a reasonable thwack, for the love 
of (Jod, with that cane of yours over these itoor shoulders. 
Svifl, Tale of a Tub. xL 
= 8yn. SeeiAuinp. 
thwacker (thwak'er), . [< tlncack + -!.] 
One who or that which thwacks; specifically, 
a wooden tool used for beating half-dried pan- 
tiles into shape. The tilen are then trimmed 
with a thwacking-kuife. 
thwacking (thwak'iug),o. Thumping; tremen- 
dous; great. [Colloq.] 
Sec. Ser. A bonfire, sir? 
Sir Of. A thwacking one, I charge you. 
Middleton, Chaste Maid, v. 3. 
thwacking-frame (thwak'ing-fram), w. In tile- 
malcing t a table with a curved top, on which a 
half -dried pantile is bent to form by means of 
blows with a thwacker. E. H. Kniyht. 
thwacking-knife (thwak'ing-nif), n. A knife 
for trimming pantiles on the thwacking-frame. 
thwaite 1 (thwat), . [Also dial, ttcaite; < ME. 
'thteaite (> AF. ticaite), < Icel. threit,f., thveiti, 
n., a piece or parcel of land, a paddock (com- 
mon in local names), also a unit of weight, and 
a small coin, = Norw. treit, tret, tvedt, tved, 
a piece of ground (common in local names), 
lit. a piece, from the verb seen in AS. thiritan, 
ME. Hi vi It- n, cut, chop: see thtcite.] Apiece of 
ground reclaimed and converted to tillage. 
Thteaite chiefly occurs as the second element In local 
names, especially in the lake district of the north of Eng- 
land, as in BassenfAtraife, CrosstAimife, and StoneMiratfe. 
thwaite- (thwat), n. Same as ticaite^. 
thwangt, A Middle English form of thonf/. 
thwarlet, [ME., perhaps connected with 
tirirl (D. dtcarleii) ; otherwise possibly an error 
for tlntart, cross: see thirarft, .] Twisted (J); 
intricate (T): found only in the following pas- 
sage. 
As the dok lasted, 
Sytlicn thraweu wyth a thwong a thwarir knot alofte, 
Ther moii) belli-/, nil lin ,;t of brende guide rungen. 
Sir Gatcaynf aitd the Qreen Knight (E. E. T. S.X L 194. 
thwart 1 (thwart), </>. and prep. [< ME. thirert 
(as in ttrcr tlncrrl, thicert orrr, n tlnrert, a tliirt, 
athwart)/ Icel. thrert, across (um-tlirrrt, across, 
athwart), = Sw. trart, rudely, = Dan. tn-rt, 
adv.. across, athwart (cf. MD. dicers, tltrrnn'li, 
tlirtirs, D. ilwarx = G. zwereh, across); prop. 
iii-ut. ace. (with the neut. suffix -t usual in 
Scand.) of the adj., Icel. threrr, cross, trans- 
verse, = 8w. tvcir- = Dan. frer- = AS. tliiccorh 
(thweor-), transverse, perverse, = MD. V/ieer, 
*dtc<ir, ttiecrx, dirersch, tltrtirs, D. dtrars, adj.,= 
OHG. direrah, tirrrh, MHO. ttcerch,dtcerch, also 
i/iureh, Q. aeerch in comp., also without the 
final guttural, OHG. ttcer, MHG. twer, quer, Q. 
tjuer = LG. quer (> E. queer 1 ), cross, transverse, 
= Goth, tliiniirlix. angry (not found in lit. sense 
'cross'; cf. E. cri, 'transverse,' also 'an- 
gry'); perhaps connected with Ij. torquere, 
twist: see tort 1 . Connection with AS. fAMrA, 
Goth, thairh, etc., through, is improbable: see 
thorough, through^. Ct. athwart.] I. adr. From 
side to side; across; crosswise; transversely; 
athwart. 
Yet, whether (Aimrt or flatly it did lyte, 
The tetupred steele did not into his braynepan byte. 
fifrnter, f. Q., VI. vL 30. 
The bait was guarded with at least two hundred men. 
and thirty lying vnder a great tree (that lay thimrt as a 
ban-icado). Quoted in ('apt. John Smith'* Works. I. _'!:.. 
thwart 
II. l>rtji. 1. Across; athwart. 
And laying fhicait her hone. 
In loathly wise like to a carrion corse. 
>ln- Uire him fast away. 
Upetuer, K. (J., III. vll. 43. 
Cornelius May and one other going ashore with some 
goods late In a falre eiienlng. such a sudden gust did arise 
that drlue them thtrart the Kiuer. 
Quoted In Capt. J.,hn Smith'i Works, II. W. 
2. Opposite to ; over against. 
The first of April we weighed anchor In the Downs, and, 
thtrart Hoi IT, we found our men In ketches ready to come 
aboard. .SVr //. lliddleton, Voyage, p. 2. 
thwart 1 (thwart), a. [< ME. thwart, < tlur, rt. 
ntlr. ; or < led. thrert, neut. adj., afterthe adv.: 
see thmirtl, adv. The proper rao<l. form of the 
adj. would be 'thtrtir (< early ME. thwetir, < 
AS. thtceor-, the reduced form in inflection of 
tliireiarh) or 'thiritrrtnr, < A8. thtreorh.] 1. Ly- 
ing or extending across or crosswise; cross; 
transverse. 
Those streetes that be thtrart are faire and large. 
llalcluyfi Voyage*, II. 234. 
The slant lightning, whose thtrart flame, driven down, 
Kindles the gummy bark of fir or pine. 
.Mill::,,, P.L..X. 1076. 
2f. Antithetical. 
It is observable that Solomon's proverbial says are so 
many select aphorisms, containing, for the most part, a 
pair of cross and thwart sentences, handled rather Dy col- 
lation than relation, whose conjunction is disjunctive. 
Ken. T. Adamt. Works, I. 216. 
3. Perverse; contrary; cross-grained. 
Ills herte thowurth Ihtrert. Oenftit and Kxod<u, 1.3099. 
If she must teem, 
Create her child of spleen, that it may live 
And be a thtrart disnatured torment Ui her ! 
Shale.. Lear, I. 4. 806. 
Now he would make that love prevail In the world and 
become its law; the world, still thwart and untoward, 
foils his purpose, and he dies. E. Dowden, Shelley, II. 130. 
thwart 1 (thwart), 11. [< thicartl, r.] Opposi- 
tion; defiance. 
A certain discourteous person, who calleth himself the 
devil, even now, and In thtrart of your fair Inclinations, 
keepeth and detaineth your irradlant frame In hostile 
thraldom. Jfu Barney, Cecilia, II. S. 
thwart 1 (thwart), r. [< ME. thwerten; < thwarfl, 
adv.] I. trans. I. To pass over or across; 
cross. 
Pericles 
Is now again thirartiit't the wayward seas. 
Hhalr., Pericles, iv. 4. 10. 
Swift as a shooting star 
In autumn thifartt the night. 
Milton, P. L, Iv. 657. 
In this passage we frequently chang'd our barge, by rea- 
son of the bridges thtraTtiHff our course. 
Evelyn, Diary, Oct. S, 1641. 
2f. To put crosswise, or one across another. 
All knighU-templars make such Saltire Cross with their 
thwarted legs upon their monuments. 
Fuller, Oh. Hist, III. 111. 11. 
3f. To put in the way; oppose. 
'Gainst which the noble sonne of Telamon 
Oppos'd hlmselfe, and, thirartimi his huge shield, 
Them battell bad. Spenter, Virgil's Gnat, I. 614. 
4. To cross, as a purpose; contravene; frus- 
trate; baffle. 
Third Out. Have you long sojourned there? 
Vol. Some sixteen months ; and longer might have 
stay'd, 
If crooked fortune had not thwarted me. 
Shot., T. O. of V., IT. 1. 22. 
The proposals of the one never thwarted the Inclina- 
tions of the other. SmlA, Sermons. 
O thwart me not, sir Soph, at ev'ry turn, 
Nor carp at ev'ry flaw you may discern. 
Covper, Conversation. L 91. 
"It is no part of the duty of a Christian Prince," added 
the Abbess, " to thwart the wishes of a pious soul." 
Scull, Quentin Durward, XXXT. 
No Injudicious Interference from any quarter ever 
thtrarteti my plans for her |a pupil's) improvement. 
Chartiilte Bronte, Jane Eyre, ril. 
= 8vn. 4. Fait, Baffle, etc. See/natrate. 
fi. iutraiix. I. To go crosswise or obliquely. 
Tlitimson. 2. To be in opposition; be con- 
trary or perverse; hence, to quarrel ; contend. 
Thwart not thou with thy fellow. 
Baiter* Book (E. E. T. S. X p. 76. 
[Rare in both senses.] 
thwart 2 (thwart), n. [Also dial, thought; prob. 
a var. of thoft 1 (as, reversely, thofft is a var. of 
thought 1 ), a rower's seat, mixed with thwart 1 , 
as if lit. a ' crosspiece ' : see thofft, thoft-fel- 
/-.] A seat across a boat on which the oars- 
man sits. A thwart Is usually a special fixture, but a 
board may be used for the purpose. Some thwarts are 
contrived to slide backward and forward with the move- 
ments of the oarsman, as in light sculls or shells used for 
rowing exercise or for racing. 
Take care of your dress In the mud one foot on the 
Ihirart* ~ sit in the middle that's It 
Whyt, MHciUe, White Roe, II. vii. 
