Thysanocarpus 
Oregon. They are slender branching annuals, with pin- 
natitld radical leaves, and entire, clasping, and sagittate 
stem-leaves. The racemose white or violet flowers are fol- 
lowed by flattened ovate or roundish pods hanging on fili- 
form pedicels and resembling samaras. A variety of T. 
cureipeg with perforated wing is known as lace-pod ; and a 
fringed variety of T. laciniatus, as frinffepod (which see). 
Thysanopoda (this-a-nop'o-da), . [NL..< Gr. 
Oi'oavof, a tassel, 4- Troi'f (TrwS-) = E. foot."] A 
genus of crustaceans. T. inermis is a small spe- 
cies which furnishes much of the food of the 
great blue rorqual, Salienoptera sibbaldi. 
thysanopter (this-a-nop't6r), . [< Thysanop- 
tira.] A thysanopterous insect. 
Thysanoptera (this-a-nop'te-ra), n. pi, [NL. 
(Haliday, 1836), < Qr"6vcavof,' a tassel, + nrepov, 
& wing.] In Brauer^s system, the seventh or- 
der of insects, including only the family Thrip- 
idee (or Thripsidse), by the older authors (be- 
fore Haliday) considered as belonging to the 
Hemiptera. The head ends in a short fleshy beak, but 
the maxillae bear two- or three-jointed palpi, and labial 
palpi are present. The wings are long, narrow, often vein- 
less, and furnished with a long fringe. In the males of 
some species the wings are wanting. The eggs are cylin- 
dric, round at one end and knobbed at the other. The 
larva and pupa are both active. The feet end in bulbous 
enlargements, whence the name Physopoda, applied to the 
group by Burmeister. Two species have been found to 
be carnivorous, but the majority are plant-feeders. The 
principal genera are Phlfeothrips, Liinothrips, and Thrips. 
See cut under Thrips, 
thysanopteran (this-a-nop'te-ran), a. and n. 
[< thysanopter + -an.] I. a. Thysanopterous. 
II. n. A thysanopter. 
thysanopterous (this-a-nop'te-rus). a. Of or 
pertaining to the Tliysanoptcra. 
Thysanotus(this-a-nb'tus), n. [NL. (R. Brown, 
1810), so called from the fringed flower-seg- 
ments ; (. Gr. ffbmvof. a tassel, fringe, + w'c (<"-), 
ear.] A genus of liliaceous plants, of the tribe 
Asphodelese and subtribe A it tltericcfe. it is charac 
terized by panicled or fascicled flowers with their three in- 
ner segments fringed, by smooth filaments, and by a three- 
celled ovary with two superposed ovules in each cell. The 
22 species are all Australian. One, T. chrysantherux, occurs 
also in the Philippines and in southern China. They grow 
from a thick, hardened horizontal rhizome, in some species 
short and mostly replaced by a cluster of fibers or tubers. 
They produce grass-like radical leaves and a leafless scape, 
erect, or in one species, T. dichotoimtx, almost twining. 
They are known as frinyc-Uly, and are occasionally culti- 
vated for the peculiar iris-like flowers. 
Thysanura (this-a-nu'rii), . [NL. (Latreille, 
1802): see thysanurous.^ 1. The lowest order 
of hexapod insects, including primitive wing- 
less ametabolous forms with simple eyes, living 
usually in damp places and under stones, and 
known as springtails and bristletails. In many 
species the tracheae are wanting. It comprises in this 
sense the three suborders Collembola, Syniphyla, and Ci- 
nura. See cuts under Campodea, silaerjish, and gpringtatl. 
2. An order of less extent (when the Collem- 
bola are considered of ordinal rank, as by Lub- 
bock), including only the families Japygidee, 
Campodidse, and Lcpismatulfr, and correspond- 
ing to the suborder Cinura. 
thysanuran (this-a-mVran), a. and n. [< Thysa- 
nura + -an.] I. "a. Thysanurous. 
II. n. A member of the Thysanura. 
thysanurian (this-a-nu'ri-an), a. Same as thys- 
anurous. J. H. Comstock." 
thysanuriform (this-a-nu'ri-form), a. [< NL. 
Thysanura, q. v., + L. forma, form.] Resem- 
bling a thysanuran ; thysanurous. S. H. Scuct- 
der. 
thysanurous (this-a-nu'rus), a. [< Gr. Biv 
a tag, tassel, + avpa, tail.] Having long 
dal filaments which serve as a spring; spring- 
tailed; belonging to the Thysanura, in either 
sense. 
thyself (THi-self), pron. [< thy + self. See 
self.] A pronoun used reflexively for empha- 
sis after, or in place of, thou: as, thou thyself 
shalt go (that is, thou shalt go and no other). 
Thou alone art unhappy, none so bad as thyself. 
Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 343. 
Glad to find thyself so fair, 
Poor child, that waitest for thy love ! 
Tennyson, In Memoriam, vi. 
ti 1 (te), n. [Native name.] In Polynesia, the 
plant ('ordyline terminalis, same as ki; in New 
Zealand, transferred to C. australis and C. indi- 
visa, plants otherwise known as cabbage-palm, 
and, with the whole genus, as palm-lily. 
ti 2 (te), n. In solmization. See si. 
Ti. In chem., the symbol for titanium. 
tia (te'a), TO. See Sageretia. 
tiao (tya'6), n. [Chinese.] A string of cash. 
See cashS, 1. 
Twenty miles from Peking the big cash are no longer 
in circulation. Small nominal cash are used, l.ODOof which 
makeafuzo, and3,000 to 3,500 of which are equal toataelof 
Rep. of Sec. of Treasury, 1886, p. 390. 
6326 
tiar (tiar), ". [< F. Hare, < L. tiara : see tiara.'] 
A tiara. [Poetical.] 
Of beaming sunny rays a golden tiar 
Circled his head. Milton, P. L., iii. 625. 
tiara (ti-a'rii), . [Formerly also tiar; < P. tiarc 
= Sp. Pg. It. tiara; < L. tiara, tiaras, < Or. rinpa, 
Tidpaf, Ttr/pqf, the head-dress of the Persian 
kings; origin unknown.] 1. An ornament or 
article of dress with which the ancient Persians 
covered the head : a kind of turban. As different 
authors describe it it must have been of different forms. 
The kings of Persia alone had a right to wear it straight or 
erect ; lords and priests wore it depressed, or turned down 
on the fore side. Xenophon says the tiara was encom- 
passed with the diadem, at least in ceremonials. 
On his head ... he ware a Persian tiara, all set down 
with rows of so rich rubies as they were enough to speak 
for him that they had to judge of no mean personage. 
Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, v. 
2. A cylindrical diadem pointed at the top, 
tipped with the mound and cross of sovereignty, 
and surrounded with three crowns, which the 
Pope wears as a symbol of his 
threefold sovereignty. Till late in 
the middle ages tiara was a synonym of 
initra, a bishop's miter, and at ceremonies 
of a purely spiritual character the Pope 
still wears the miter, not the tiara. Cath. 
IHct. 
Gregory XI. assumed the tiara on the 
last day of 1370. The Century, XL. 592. 
3. Figuratively, the papal dignity. 
4. A coronet or frontal ; an or- 
nament for the head: used loose- 
ly for any such ornament consid- 
ered unusually rich : as, a tiara 
of brilliants. 5. In her., a bearing represent- 
ing a tall cap-like or pointed dome surrounded 
by three crowns, one above the other, and hav- 
ing at the point an orb and cross: it is sup- 
posed to represent the crown of the Pope. It is 
usually all of gold, and this does not need to be expressed 
in the blazon. Also called Pope's crown, triple crown. 
6. In conch.: (a) A miter-shell. (b) [cap.] [NL. 
(Menke, 1830).] A genus of miter-shells. 
tiaraed(ti-a'rad),. [< tiara + -ed?.] Adorned 
with a tiara. Imp. IHct. 
Tiarella (ti-a-rel'a), n. [NL. (Linnreus, 1753), 
so called in allusion to some resemblance of the 
capsule to a tiara or turban; dim. < L. tiara, a 
cap: see tiara.] Agenusof polypetalous plants, 
of the order SaxifragacetB and tribe Saxifrages?. 
It is characterized by a one-celled ovary with the placentse 
hasilar or nearly so. The 5 species are natives of North 
America, except one in the Himalaya Mountains. They 
are slender erect herbs from a perennial root, bearing a 
terminal raceme of white flowers and numerous long-peti- 
oled leaves, which are chiefly radical, and are undivided as 
in the eastern, or deeply parted as in the western Ameri- 
can species. T. cnrdifolia, native from Canada to Virginia, 
is called false miterwort and coolwort. See coolwort. 
tibt (tib), n. [Particular uses of Tib, dim. of 
Tibby, Tibbie, a corruption of the name Isabel. 
Cf. Jill"*, Jack 1 , Tom, etc., similarly used.] 1. 
A common woman ; a paramour. 
Thou art the damned doorkeeper to every 
Coistrel that comes enquiring for his Tib. 
Shak., Pericles, iv. 6. 176. 
2. The ace of trumps in the game of gleek. 
See Jowl, 3. 
tib-cat (tib'kat), n. [< Tib, female name, cor- 
responding to Tom in tom-cat.] A she-cat: cor- 
relative with tom-cat. Halliwcll. [Obsolete or 
prov. Eng.] 
Tiberian (ti-be'ri-an), a. [< L. Tibrrianus, of 
Tiberius, < Tiberius, Tiberius, a Roman prse- 
nomen, prob. connected with Tiberis, the river 
Tiber.] Of or pertaining to Tiberius, Roman 
emperor A. D. 14 to 37. 
tibertt (tib'ert or ti'bert), n. [Also tybcrt; prop, 
a man's name, the same as Tybalt,< OF. Thibaud, 
Thibaut, a form of Theobald, G. Dietbolt, etc.] 
An old name for a cat. Compare tib-cat. "Shak- 
speare regards Tybalt as the same [as Tibert], hence some 
of the insulting jokes of Mercutio, who calls Tybalt ' rat- 
catcher'and 'king of cats.'" (Nares.) 
'Mongst these Tiberte, who do you think there was? 
B. Jonson, Epigrams, cxxxiii. 
tibet, thibet (ti-bef), n. [Short for Tibet cloOi.] 
I . Same as Tibet cloth. 2. A woolen stuff usu- 
ally printed in colors. 
Tibetan (tib'e-tan), a. andn. [Also Thibetan; 
< Tibet (see def.") + -an.] I. a. Of or pertain- 
ing to Tibet (or Thibet), a dependency of China, 
situated north of India. 
II. n. 1. A native of Tibet. 2. The lan- 
guage of Tibet. It belongs to the monosyllabic 
or southeastern Asiatic family. 
Tibet cloth. [Also Thibet cloth : so called from 
Tibet in Asia.] 1. A heavy material made 
wholly or in part of goat's hair. 2. A delicate 
stuff for women's dresses. 
Also tibet. 
r 
. 
"bo 
! " tibia 
tibiale 
Tibetian (ti-be'shian), a. and w. [Also Tlribe- 
tian; < Tibet + -Jan.] Same as Tibetan. 
tibia (tib'i-a), H.; pi. tibiee. tibias(-e, -iiz). [=F. 
tibia. < L. tibia, the shin-bone, the shin, hence 
a pipe, flute (orig. of bone).] 
1. In anat. and zoiil., the inner 
and usually the larger of the two 
bones of the crus, or lower leg, 
extending from the knee to the 
ankle ; the shin-bone of man. 
This isof prismatic section, with a great- 
ly expanded head which articulates with 
the femur to the exclusion of the fibula, 
and a process at the foot which forms 
the inner malleolus of the ankle. The 
tibia forms the ankle-joint in all mam- 
mals which have one, with or without 
the fibula, by articulation with the as- 
tragalus. In many cases it appears to 
be the only bone of the lower leg, the 
fibula being shortened and partly abort- 
ed, or even completely ankylosed with 
the tibia. Much of the tibia is subcu- 
taneous in man, and the character of the 
broad face and sharp edge of its pris- 
matic section has an ethnological sig- 
nificance. See platycnemic, and cuts 
under crus, diffitinrade, Equidse, fibula, 
Ornithoscelida, Plantiffraaa, Plegiosau- 
rus, tarsus, and slteleton, with several 
others cited under the last-named word. 
2. In ornith., the tibiotarsus. In 
some birds, as the loon, the tibia 
develops an immense appphysis 
which projects far above the 
knee-joint. See also cuts under 
Dro'tneeus and tibiotarsun. 3. 
That segment of the hind limb 
which extends from the knee to 
the ankle ; the part of the leg cor- 
responding to the extent of the ;^', > ' abou!' 
tibia; the crus; the drumstick natural size. 
of a fowl: used especially in J%''SfL, 
ornithology. 4. In cntom., the <> b ii; 
fourth and penultimate joint of 
the leg, between the femur and 
the tarsus. It is often enlarged, as in 
saltatorial forms, especially in connection with such in- 
crassate femora as those of grasshoppers, etc. See cuts 
under corbiculum and coxa. 
5. An ancient variety of flageolet, or direct 
flute, single or double. See flute 1 , 1 (a). 
The same variety of strings may be observed on their 
harps, and of stops on their Tibia: 
Addison, Remarks on Italy (Works, ed. Bohn, I. 466). 
Clypeate, digitate, foliaceous, palmate tibiae. See 
the adjectives. Oblique line of the tibia. See oblique. 
Pronator tibiae. Sec pemneotibial, -2. Serrate tib- 
183. See serrate. Spines of the tibia. See spine. 
tibial (tib'i-al), a. and n. [= F. tiliial, < L. 
tibialis, < tibia, the shin-bone, a pipe : see 
tibia.] I. a. 1. Of or pertaining to the tibia, 
shin-bone, or inner bone of the lower leg or 
crus: as, the tibial crest; tibial muscles ; tibial 
arteries. 2. Of or pertaining to the crus, or 
lower leg (see tibia, 3): as, tibial feathers ; tib- 
ial scutella. 3. Of or pertaining to the fourth 
segment of the leg of an insect : as, tibial hairs. 
4. Of or pertaining to the pipe or flute called 
tibia Anterior tibial nerve, a branch of the pero- 
neal nerve lying in front of the interosseous membrane. 
It supplies the tibialis anticus, the extensor longus digi- 
toruni, extensor longus pollicis, extensor brevis digitorum, 
and with sensory fibers the ankle-joint and the skin on the 
dorsal surface of contiguous sides of the first and second 
toes. Posterior tibial nerve, the continuation of the 
popliteal nerve down the back of the leg beneath the 
muscles of the calf. After supplying the muscles of the 
back of the leg, except the popliteus, it divides at the in- 
ner side of the ankle into the internal and external plan- 
tar. Tibial apophysis, in t'ruith., a long process from 
the upper end of the tibia in some birds. See tibia, 2. 
Tibial arteries, branches resulting from the bifurca- 
tion of the popliteal artery, especially the two main 
trunks, (a) The anterior extends along the anterior surface 
of the interosseous membrane, after passing through the 
aperture in the upper part of that membrane, as far as the 
bend of the ankle, where it becomes the dorsal artery of the 
foot. It supplies the muscles of the anterior part of the 
leg, and gives off the anterior and posterior tibial recur- 
rent arteries and the malleolar arteries, (b) The posterior 
continues down between the superficial and deep muscles 
of the back of the leg, giving off muscular, cutaneous, 
and internal malleolar branches, and the medullary and 
peroneal arteries, and bifurcating near the heel into the 
internal and external plantar arteries. Tibial crest. 
See crista tibi/e, under crista. Tibial epiphyses, tibial 
COndyles, in ornith., that part of the tarsus which is to be 
or has been ankylosed with the tibia proper. See cuts un- 
der tibia and tibiotarsus. Tibial trochlea, in ornith., a 
bridge of bone across the lower end of the tibiotarsus, 
between its condyles, confining certain tendons which 
play beneath it as if in a pulley. 
II. n. 1. A structure connected with the 
tibia; especially . such a muscle, artery, or 
nerve. 2. The fifth joint of a spider's leg, 
being the second of the two whicn form the 
shank. 
tibiale (tib-i-a'le), n.; pi. tibialia (-li-a). [NL., 
neut. of L. /iliiuli,-.-: see tibial.] A bone of the 
