Tilia 
fniin Ihe borers which Infest the wood of other species. 
Six spedi-H iire natives of chiiia, Munchiirln, mill Japan, 
untl four are American: one, T. M. ricano, '" , ins in Mi \- 
ico, and three are found In the eastern lulled states. 
, 7'. .1 /n.-n'rniKt, tin- l>:is*w<H,il, extentU from V" 
Flowering Branch of Linden ( Tilia Jmtricatta). 
a, flower ; b, fruit, 
Brunswick and the Asslnibolne to Georgia and Texas, and 
often reaches 4 feet in diameter and 60 or sometimes ISO 
feet in height. Its wood, known as whiUwood, or some- 
times, from a faint reddish tinge, as red bassuwd, Is much 
used for soft woodwork, and especially as a source of paper- 
pulp, and of packing-material for furniture. The other 
American species, '/'. pubesceia and T. heteraphyUa, are 
principally southern, and produce a globose fruit The 
latter species, known as bee tree, white bo99ivood, or waAoo, 
Is much admired for the beauty of Its leave*, whitened and 
silvery underneath. Its young branches are fed to cattle 
in winter. 
Tiliaceae (til-i-a'se-e), TO. pi. [NL. (Jussieu, 
1789), fem. pi. of LL. tiliaceus, of linden-wood, 
pertaining to the linden, < tilia, the linden- 
tree: see Tilia.'] An order of polypetalous 
plants, the linden family, of the cohort Mai- 
vales. It Is distinguished from the other orders, Malva- 
ceae and Sterculiacex, by the two-celled anthers, and usu- 
ally free stamens with pendulous ovules. There are about 
470 species, belonging to 51 genera, classed in 7 tribes, of 
which Brou'nloicia, Greuna, Tilia, Apeiba, Prockia, Sloanw, 
and Elaocurpm are the types. Their leaves are usually 
alternate, undivided, and furnished with twin stipules. 
They bear axillary or terminal flowers, often in small 
cymes, which are sometimes disposed in ample corymbs 
or panicles. The order is numerous in the tropics, where 
they are often weedy herbs, or are shrubs or trees with 
handsome, usually white or pink flowers. A few genera 
are timber-trees of north or south temperate regions. 
They have a mucilaginous wholesome juice, and yield a 
remarkably tough fiber, used to moke fishing-nets, bags, 
mats, etc. Some produce edible berries, as Aristotelia, 
Grewia, and Elxocarput. Some are used for dyeing or 
tanning ; and the fruits of several are employed as as- 
tringents. See cuts under jute and Til/". 
tiliaceous (til-i-a'shius), a. Belonging to the 
order Tiliaceat. 
Tiliese (ti-li'e-e), n. pi. [NL. (Bentham and 
Hooker, 1862), < Tilia + -ex.] A tribe of plants, 
of the order Tiliacc/r. It is characterized by flowers 
with distinct sepals, and colored petals inserted closely 
around the stamens. It includes 14 genera, among which 
the chief are Tilia (the type), Sparmannia, Corchorut, and 
Muntiiiyia. 
tiliert, . A Middle English form of tiller^. 
tiling (ti'ling), n. [Verbal n. of tile^, .] 1. 
The operation of covering or roofing with tiles. 
2. An assemblage of tiles, as on a roof; tiles 
collectively or in general. 
They went upon the housetop, and let him down 
through the tiliuy with his couch into the midst before 
Jesus. Luke v. 19. 
Asphalt tiling. See asphalt. 
till 1 (til), v. t. [Early mod. E. also tille, tylle; 
< ME. tillrii. li/llni, earlier Hlen, "tijlen, illicit, 
tylien, tflien, teolien. Mini, tiilini, < AS. tilian, 
teolian, exert oneself for, strive for, aim at, 
labor, cultivate, till (land), = OS. tilian, get, 
obtain, = OFries. tilia, get, beget, cultivate, 
till (land), = MD. telen, till (land), D. telen, 
raise, cultivate, breed, = OLG. tilon, exert one- 
self, strive, hasten, attempt, till (land), MLG. 
telen, teilen. Mien, get, beget, till (land), = 
OHG. :ildn, ziten, exert oneself, strive for, at- 
tempt, MH<>. _-rVc. :iln, strive for, aim at, aim, 
(T. -iclen, aim, = Goth, tilnn, in comp. mut-tili'm. 
hold to, accommodate oneself to, ga-tiloa, ob- 
tain, attain, iia-jotildn, fit together (the senses 
in the diff. languages being various and in- 
volved); orig. 'make fit '(hence ' prepare, work, 
adapt to use, cultivate, till'), from the adj. seen 
in AS. til, fit, good, excellent, profitable (> tela, 
Iciiln. well). = OFries, til, good, = Goth, tils, also 
i/dlila, fit, good. iMMivoiiient (an adj. prob. con- 
cerned also in E. tall 1 , good, excellent), and in 
the noun, AS. til. goodness, = OHG. MHG. zil. 
G. Ml, aim, goal, limit, = Icol. *tit, in secon- 
398 
6337 
diiry weak form till or till, Hcope; prob. related 
to t'>IH;. ,!, MIKi. -He, (',. .-'//, :i line, row. 
MIKi. also a street; i>rol>., with formative -I, 
from the / ti seen also in fi</V ami Hint- (' fit 
time,' 'opportunity,' hence 'fixed time,' etc.); 
see tiilr 1 . tiiml. 'Hence ult. till", jirrp. Ct. 
toil 1 .] If. To exert one's self for; labor for; 
procure by exertion ; earn ; gain ; obtain ; get. 
Adam ! haue this, luke howe ye thynke, 
And title wlth-alle thl meete and drynke for cuer-more. 
YortPlayt, p. 31. 
2t. To attain; reach; extend. 
The Koote of the treo him thongte (//./. 
A-doun to helle grounde. 
/M// Itood (E. E. T. S.X p. 25. 
3. To labor on; work; cultivate: as, to till the 
noil. 
Treuthe herde telle her-of, and to Peres he tent, 
To taken his teme and tulytn the erthe. 
Pier* Ptoictnnn (II), vll. 2. 
The Lord God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, 
to till the ground from whence he was taken. Gen. Hi. 23. 
Earth It self decays, too often tilfd. 
Ciiiujfrrr, tr. of Uvld's Art of Love. 
4f. To set ; prepare. 
Nor knows he how to dlgge a well, 
Nor neatly dresse a spring, 
Nor knows a trap nor snare to till. 
W. Browne, Shepherd's Pipe, II. 
5. To prop up. Hiilliicell. [Prov. Eng.] 
till 2 (til), prep, and coiy. [Early mod. E. also 
(./(asalsoinunW) ; < ME. til, till, tyl, tille, tylle; 
< ONorth. til (not found in AS. proper), < Icel. 
til = Sw. till = Dan. til, till, to : a very common 
preposition, taking the place in Scand. of to 1 as 
used in E. and the other Teut. tongues ; prob. 
orig. ace. of a noun otherwise lost (as nouns 
used as adverbs, prepositions, or other parti- 
cles tend to become; cf. aye 1 , if, down?, prep.) 
in Scand., except as preserved in the secondary 
weak form Icel. ////, iili. scope, the noun thus 
used expressing aim, direction, purpose (or pos- 
sibly continuous course, with something of the 
sense of the prob. related OHG. zila, line t) : 
see ''/" . v. See also until, in which the orig. 
noun can be more clearly observed.] I. prep. 
1. To; unto: expressing motion to a place or 
person. [Obsolete or provincial.] 
The fyngres that freo beo to folden and to clycchen 
By-tokneth sothliche the sone that sente was tyl erthe. 
Pirn Plowman (C\ xx. 121. 
Lean'd her breast up-'CU a thorn. 
Shall., Passionate Pilgrim, 1. 382. 
And till the kirk she wadna gae, 
Nor riUt \till It] she wadna ride, 
Till fuur ami-twenty men she gat her before, 
And twenty on ilka side. 
Lord Wa'yatei and Avid Inyram (Child's Ballads, II. 328). 
Young Redln's til the huntln gane, 
\\ i therty lords and three. 
Young Redin (Child's Ballads, III. i:i). 
For a King to gang an Outlaw till, 
Is beneath his state and his dignltie. 
Sony j the Outlaw Murray (Child's Ballads, VI. 32). 
2. Up to; down to; as far as: expressing dis- 
tance, extent, or degree. [Archaic or provin- 
cial.] 
That sleep and feeding may prorogue bis honour 
Even till a Lethe'd dulness. Shale., A. and ('., il. 1. 27. 
3. To ; unto : expressing action directed to or 
having regard to a person. 4. To; unto: ex- 
pressing change or result. [Obsolete or pro- 
vincial.] 
Thus she maketh Absolon hire ape, 
And al his ernest turneth tU a Jape. 
Chaucer, Miller's Tale, L 204. 
lie was afterwards restored till his liberty and archblsh- 
oprlck. Fuller, Ch. Hist., IV. lit 40. (Dariet.) 
6. To the time of; until: as, I waited till five 
o'clock. 
He put his men in order, and nialntaln'd the fight till 
Evening. Milton, HUt. Eng., v. 
Till Int, Into. 
Whan he came till the castcll in, 
His dearest awa was gane. 
Kotmer Hafmand (Child's Ballads, I. 267). 
Till into*, unto: up (or down) to. 
I with al good conscience haue lyued bifore God til 
into this day. '>''/, Acts xxitl. 1. 
Till now. See noir.-Till then. See .-TUl tot, 
until. 
It was sett for trespassing til to the seed come. 
WycKf, Gal. III. 19. 
II. rn n j. To the time that ; to the time when : 
until. 
By wlssynge of this wenche I wningt, here wordes were 
so swete, 
Tyl I forsat jouthe, and sam In-to elde. 
Pien Plowman (BX xt 59. 
I sail the socoure for certayne, 
Tille alle thl core awey he kaste. 
York Playi, p. 44. 
Tillandsia 
He ... said to them, Occup) till I mine. Luke xlx. 1 .:. 
Stand still ; he cannot see u* 
Till I i 
Fteteher (and amithrr V), I'rophetcM, IIL 1. 
till M t (til), r. K MK. tiili n, tiillni. lull-,! (also 
fallen, > K. tolfi), pull, allure, < AS. 'lillim, in 
comp. 'fortillan, spelled fnr-tyllini, \<-n<l astray, 
deceive (occurring only once). = OFries. tilia 
= MD. D. Mien = LG. tillm. lift, move from its 
place, = Sw. dial, tillr, take up dilli- p& sig, take 
upon oneself, lay hold of); other connect inn- 
uncertain. Hence titter"*. Cf. <o// 2 .l I. trang. 
To draw ; pull ; hence, to entice ; allure. 
Then went Mary A loseph al-so. 
With cherising thai spac him to, 
To the scole him for-to tillr. 
Curwr Mundi (ed. Morris), 1. 12175. 
To fill* this yong man to foil. 
Metr. Horn. (ed. Small), p. 113. 
II. intrant. To draw; stretch; reach. 
As muche place as myd a thong Ich mat aboute tille. 
Hob. nf (Jloufftter (ad. llearm-), p. 115. 
tlU 3 (til), . [Early mod. E. tyll ; < tills, r.] 1. 
A drawer; a tray, as of a trunk or box. Also 
called mil r. 
Closets ; and in them many a chest ; . . . 
In those chests, boxes ; In each box, a till. 
0. Herbert, The Temple, Confession. 
Specifically 2. A money-drawer; a drawer 
under or in a shop-counter, in which money is 
kept. 
They break up counters, doors, and tillt. Swift. 
It (the dust) treasured Itself up, too, in the half-open 
till, where there still lingered a base sixpence. 
Hawthorne, Seven Gables, II. 
3. In printing: (a) In earlier forms of hand print- 
ing-presses, a crosspiece extending between 
the main uprights of the frame, and serving to 
guide and steady the hose or sleeve, which con- 
tained the spindle and screws. Also called 
shelf, (b) One of the spaces or cells between 
the ribbed projections of the platen of a hand- 
press. 
till 4 (til), . [Origin obscure.] In geol., a stiff 
clay containing boulders of all sizes up to sev- 
eral tons in weight, and these often smoothed 
and striated by glacial action. The word first be- 
came current among geologists, with this meaning. In 
.Scotland, but it is now occasionally used elsewhere. Also 
called boulder-day. 
tillable (til'a-bl), a. [< tHU + -able.'} Capable 
of being tilled ; arable ; fit for the plow. 
The tillable fields are in some places so hilly that the 
oxen can hardly take sure footing. 
R. Carew, Survey of Cornwall, fol. 20. 
Tillaea (ti-le'ii), . [NL. (Micheli, 1729), named 
after M. 2>Hi'(died 1740), an Italian botanist.] 
A genus of plants, of the order f 'rassulacese. it 
is characterize^ by flowers with from three to five petals, 
nearly or quite free, and equaling or surpassing the calyx, 
as many stamens, and free carpels. There are about 26 spe- 
cies, diminutive cosmopolitan planU, often smooth and 
slightly fleshy aquatics. They bear opposite entire leaves, 
and minute axillary white or reddish flowers. See pyymy- 
weed for the principal American species. T. mutctaa oc- 
curs on moist heaths and sands from England to northern 
Africa. 
tillage (til'aj), n. [Early mod. E. also tyllage ; < 
WW 1 + -age.'} The operation, practice, or art of 
tilling land, or preparing it for seed, and keep- 
ing the ground free from weeds which might 
impede the growth of crops ; cultivation ; cul- 
ture; husbandry. Tillage Includes manuring, plow- 
ing, harrowing, and rolling land, or whatever is done 
to bring It to a proper state to receive the seed, and 
the operations of plowing, harrowing, and hoeing the 
ground to destroy weeds and loosen the soil after it Is 
planted. 
First Cain is born, to tOlaije all adicted ; 
Then Able, most to keeping flocks affected. 
SylveHer, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, II., The Handy-Crafts. 
Statutes of Tillage, in Eng. kit!., several statutes for 
the encouragement of tillage, especially of the reigns of 
Henry VII.. Henry VIII., and Elizabeth. 
tillage-rake (til'Sj-rak), . In her., a bearing 
representing an ordinary agricultural rake, or 
the head of one : usually the teeth or points 
are more curved than in the actual implement. 
till-alarm (til'a-lann'), n. A device for sound- 
ing an alarm when a drawer, as a money-drawer 
or till, is opened. 
Tillandsia (ti-land'zi-ft). i. [NL. (Linnteus. 
1~'2~), named after Tiuands, a Swedish bota- 
nist.] 1. A genus of plants, of the order Bro- 
meliaceee, the pineapple family, type of the tribe 
TillaiidgiCfF. It Is characterized by flowers with free pet- 
als and stamens, and by numerous linear seeds produced at 
the base Into a long stalk appendaged with threads resem- 
bling pappus. There are about 220 species, natives of trop- 
ical and subtropical America. They are polymorphous 
plants, usually epiphytic, sometimes growing on rocks, but 
rarely In the soil. They bear narrow entire leaves, and are 
