todlowrey 
crafty person, Xmll. Fortunes of Nigel, xxxi. 
| Scntcli. I '2. \ hiii;l>eal- i.l- ^'liiisl. Iliilliin-ll. 
I I'rov. Kng.] 
to-do (tij-dii'), n. [< Co </o, like iiiln < f </'> : sec 
iiiln.\ Ado; bustle: fuss: commotion. [Col- 
1"<|.| 
"What :i tii-do IK here ! " wonltl he w;iy ; "I can lie in 
ntraw with as much satisfaction." 
Kivlim, Diary, March :!-.>, It;?.',. 
todrawt, '' ' [ME. loili-iiireii, tn/lru ?,<', < AS. 
li>ilriii/ini. < In-, apart, + ilmyim. <lr:i\v: see 
In-- ami rVrair.] To ilra-.v a-unilor; ilra^ vio- 
li iitly. 
They UH in jmrtye nf hir preyc /" <lr<nn~n me crying and 
debating therayclns. Chaucer, llocthlus, I. proae 3. 
todriVOt, < '. [MK. tnilrimi. < AS. tnilnfun ( = 
OKries. todririi = OlIG. :<itrilnni, MHO. cc7n- 
/), drive asunder, < tfi-, apart, + f7nT,drivr: 
see to- 2 anil drir<\~\ To drive apart ; scatter. 
Al bin folk with tempest ul to-driven. 
Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 1280. 
tod's-tail (todz'tal), . The club-moss, /,//<- 
liniliiiiH Hiiriitiiiii. [Scotch.] 
tod-stove (tod'stov), /(. [< t<i<n + storei.] A 
stove for burning wood, made of six iron plates 
fastened together by rods or bolts in the form of 
a box. Also called box-atone. 
Todus (to'dus), n. [NL. (Linnaeus, 176C; ear- 
lier in Browne, "Hist. Jamaica" (1756), p. 476, 
and Gesner, 1555), < L. todus, some small bird. 
Cf. tody.} The only genus of Todidse, with 
about six species, all West Indian, as T. riritlis. 
the common green tody of Jamaica, called by the 
old writers green xparrou>, green liuii/>niiit/-btrd, 
and tomtit. See Todidte, and cut under 'todu. 
tody (to'di), H. ; pi. todies (-diz). [Cf. F. to,ii, r, 
NL. Todus; < L. totlns, some small bird.] 1. A 
bird of the genus Todus or family Todidse. 2. 
One of several birds formerly misplaced in the 
genus Todnx. They belong to the family Tyrannidx and 
elsewhere. Thus, the royal or king tody is Muscivora reyia 
T .., 
i i ,'-' 
i ^ j 
Green Tody ( Todus viridij}, about two thirds natural size. 
-', Outline of bill from above, slightly reduced. 
("Todut" reyiut of Gmelin, 1788); the Javan tody of La- 
tham is a broadhill, Euryltrmug javanicut, of Java, Suma- 
tra, Borneo, the Malay peninsula, etc. ; the great-billed 
tody of Latham is another bird of this family, Cymoo- 
rhtinchus macrorhynchus. 
toe (to), H. K ME. to, too, pi. tos, toos, usually 
ton, <<!,< AS. id (pi. tan, taan), contr. oftdhe, 
in an early gloss tdhac = MD. teen, D. teen = 
MLG. ter = OHG. zeha, MHG. sehe, G. :ehe (G. 
dial, in various forms: Bav. zechen, Swabinn 
:<tiehen, Swiss zebe, zeb. Prankish reirc, Thurin- 
gian :iire, etc.) = Icel. to, = Sw. to. = Dan. tnu 
(Teut. "taihoii, *taihtcon, "taiwon), toe; connec- 
tions unknown. Not connected with L. diaitus, 
finger, toe, Gr. duKrtiXof , finger, toe. The Teut. 
word is applied exclusively to the digits of the 
foot.] 1. A digit of the foot, corresponding to 
a finger of the hand : as, the great toe; the lit- 
tle toe ; the hind toe of a bird. 
The fairest feete that euer freke Iperson] kende, 
With (on tidily wrought, & tender of hur akinne. 
Alisauiider of Maeedoine (E. E. T. S.), I. 194. 
Come, and trip it, as you go, 
On the light fantastick toe. 
MUtan, L' Allegro, 1. 34. 
2. A digit of either foot, fore or hind, of a 
quadruped, especially when there are three or 
more (a large single toe, or a pair of large toes, 
inclosed in horn, being commonly called hoof). 
No animal has normally more than five toes ; most quad- 
rupeds have live, then four, three, two, and one. in de- 
creasing number of instances. No bird has naturally more 
than four, though some breeds of poultry are regularly 
rcvc-Uicil by perpetuation of an original sport comparable 
to the sexdigitate polyilaetylism of man ; a few have only 
three ; the African ostrich alone has two. Five toes is the 
rule in reptiles and bittrachians, a lesser number being 
exceptional among those which have limbs, as lizards, 
crocodiles, turtles, frogs, newts, etc. In some lizards, as 
those which scramble over walls and ceilings, the toes 
6365 
function as suckers by means of adhesive pads (><< 
hatrachians whirh habitually porch on trees are similarly 
equipped (see tree-toad); in a rare case, toes serve w a 
sort of parachute (see cut under Jlyintj.frug). In some 
hiiimtiiHls, as seals, the toes are united Itt the coum ..... 
Integument of the flippers. Three and sometimes four 
tors are connected In web-footed birds. The joints or 
(>halanges of toes are typically and usually three apiece, 
nit this number !< nften reduced to twoor one in the case 
of lateral toes, as the human great toe. In birdi a re- 
nmtkahlc rule prevails, that the joint* of the toe*, from 
llrst to fourth toe, run two, three, four, five; the excep- 
tions to this rule are comparatively few. The toes of most 
animals end in nails or claws, and are often long and mov- 
able enough to nerve as organs of prehension, like lingers. 
See cuts under Wrrfl, dvjitigrade, Maiitiyrada, bicolti'jate, 
palmate, semi-fxtlntatf, and tiitipaltnatt. 
Lyk astir were his [the cock's) legges and his toon. 
Chaucer, Nun's Priest's Tale, L 42. 
3. The fore part, end, or tip of the hoof of an 
ungulate, as the horse. 4. The end of a stock- 
ing, shoe, or boot which contains or covers the 
toes: as, square or round toes; a hole in the 
tin: 6. A piece of iron welded under the front 
of a horsesnoe, opposite the heels, to.prevent 
slipping. See cut under shoe. 6. A projection 
from tne foot^piece of an object to give it a 
broader bearing and greater stability. 
Buttress walls should be placed at Intervals, opposite 
to one another, and strutted apart at their toet by an in- 
verted arch. Bncyc. Brit., IV. 460. 
7. A barb, stud, or projection on a lock-bolt. 
8. In mneh.: (a) The lower end of a vertical 
shaft, as a mill-spindle, which rests in a step. 
(6) An arm on the valve-lifting rod of a steam- 
engine. A cam strikes the toe and operates the valve. 
Such toes are known respectively as steam-tot* and ex- 
haust-toe*. E. H. Kniaht. Balls of the toes, fleshy and 
callous pads or protuberances on the under side of the 
toes of any foot, and especially sach formations at the 
bases of toes. In digitigrade quadrupeds these balls form 
the whole mile, as explained under that word. In birds 
they are technically called tylari. From top to toe. 
See /"/' Great toe, the toe on the inner side of the 
foot, corresponding to the thumb. Hammer-toe, an af- 
fection in which the second phalanx of one or more of the 
toes Is permanently flexed upon the first Bind toe, in 
ornith., the hallux. When there are two hind toes, as in 
zygodactyl or yoke-toed birds, the inner one is the hallux, 
or hind toe proper, excepting in trogons, in which the 
outer one is the hallux. In the three-toed woodpeckers, 
where the hallux is wanting, the reversed outer toe takes 
the name and place of lit ml toe. Little toe. the outer- 
most and smallest toe on the human foot, ana the corre- 
sponding digit in some other cases, irrespective of its ac- 
tual relative size. Toe-and-heel pedaL See pedal. 
To tread on one's toes. See tread. To turn up one's 
toes, to die. [Slang.] 
toe (to), v. ; pret. and pp. toed, ppr. toeing. [< 
toe, N.] I. trans. 1. To touch or reach with 
the toes. 
The rushers [In foot-ball] draw up in line facing each 
other and trieinti a line which marks the centre of the 
Held. Tribune Book of Sportt, p. 124. 
2. To furnish or provide a toe to or for ; mend 
the toe of: as, to toe a stocking.- TO toe a nail, 
to drive a nail obliquely. See toe-nail, 2. To toe a seam 
(iiinit.i. See staml. To toe the mark. See mar*'. 
To toe the scratch. See icratcM. 
II. intrans. To place or move the toes, as in 
walking or dancing To toe in or out, to tarn the 
toes inward or outward in walking. 
toe-biter (to'bi'ter), n. A tadpole. 
toe-cap (to'kap), n. A eap or tip, of leather, 
morocco, or patent leather, sometimes of metal, 
covering the toe of a boot or shoe. Also toe- 
piece. 
toed (tod), a. [< toe + -e(ft.] 1. Furnished 
or provided with a toe or toes: chiefly in com- 
position with a qualifying word: as, long-toerf, 
short-totrf, black-tofrf, five-toed, pigeon-toed. 
They all bowed their snaky heads down to their very 
feet, which were tueil with scorpions. 
Hmcell, Parly of BeasU, p. 39. (Daviet.) 
2. In carp., noting a brac, strut, or stay when 
it is secured to a beam, sill, or joist by nails 
driven obliquely. E. H. Knight. 
toe-drop (to drop), i. Inability to raise the foot 
and toes, from more or less complete paralysis 
of the muscles concerned. Compare irrixt-drop. 
toeless (to'les), a. [< toe + -less.] Lacking 
or deprived of a toe or toes. 
toe-nail (to'nal), 
n. 1. A nail 
growing on one 
of the toes of the 
human foot. See 
nail. 2. A nail 
driven in ob- 
liquely to fas- 
ten the end of a 
board or other 
piece of timber 
to the surf ace of 
nnntVior f'nr- 
II J 7> / 
Builder i I>ll't. 
Toe piece, isth century 
lFro.ii ViolleMe-Dnc's " Diet, du Mobilier 
fran^ais.") 
toft 
toe-piece (to'pes), . 1. In i-mm-, the 
forming the end of the solleret and inclosing 
the toes; ulso, the accessory or iidditionnl piece 
forming :i long mid pointeii termination to the 
solleret. See cut in preceding column. 2. 
Same us Inr-rnp. 
toe-ring (Wring), w. A ring made to wear on 
one of the toes, as is customary among some 
peoples that go barefoot or wear samlals. 
toe-tights (to'tits), n. /</. In tlinitfii-iil riixtiinii . 
tights with separate toes like the fingers of a 
glove. 
toe-weight (to'wat), w. A knob of brass or iron 
screwed into the hoof or fastened to the shoe 
of a horse, for the purpose of correcting an 
error of gait in trotting, or of changing a pa- 
cine horse into a trotter. 
tofall (to'fal), w. [Also toofall, misspelled / 
tall, dial, trrfatt; < ME. tofiii (= D. toeral = 
MLG. tornl = UHG.:uoral,Q.cufall; cf. Icel. 
tilf'-lti = Sw. til/Mile = Dan. tilfxldf); < to' + 
fall 1 .'] 1. Decline; setting; end. 
For him In vain, at tn-fall of the day, 
His Inhcs shall linger at the unclosing gate : 
Cottint, Ode on Popular Superstitious of the HlghUndi. 
2. A shed or building annexed to the wall of H 
larger one, and having its roof formed in a sin- 
gle slope with the top resting against the wall ; 
a lean-to. 
Tufnllf, schudde. Appendlcium, . . . appendix, teges. 
Prompt. Parr,, p. *95. 
A new tofall for eight kyne. 
Clone KoU. IB lien. VI., quoted In X. and Q., 7th ser. 
[VIL 61. 
tofana (to-fa'nS), w. [It.] See aqua Tofana, 
under aqua. 
toff (tof), H. [Origin obscure.] A dandy; a 
fop; a swell. Leland. [Slang. Eng.] 
Persons with any pretensions to respectability were 
vigorously attacked, for no earthly reason save that they 
were to/t. Daily Telegraph, Feb. 9, 1886. (Kneye. Diet.) 
toffy, toffee (tof'i), u. Same as taj/fyi : the usual 
forms of the word in Great Britain. 
Tofieldia (to-fel'di-a), w. [NL. (Hudson, 1778), 
named after Mr. Tojield, an English botanist.] 
A genus of liliaceous plants, of the tribe Aiir- 
llnfii;i: It is characterized by septlcidal fruit, nearly 
sessile flowers, six introrse anthers, and three very short 
styles. There are about 14 species, natives of north tem- 
perate and cold regions, with 1 or -2 species in the Andes. 
They are erect perennials from a short or creeping root 
stock, with linear leaves, all or chiefly radical, and small 
flowers In a terminal spike. A hook-name for the species 
is false atphodel. T. palugtru, the Scotch asphodel, the 
only British species, produces short grassy leaves, and 
little yellowish-green flowers compacted into globular or 
ovoid heads ; it occurs in Canada with whitish flowers. 
Three other sj>ecies are natives of the eastern United 
States, and one other of Oregon. 
toforet (tij-for'), adr. &ud prep. [< ME. tofore. 
tot-ore, toforn, toforen, < AS. toforan (= OS. te- 
foran = MLG. tororen = MHG. zvovor, zvororii. 
G. zutor = Dan. tilforn), before, < to, to, + 
foran, before: see to 1 and fore 1 . Cf. before, 
afore, heretofore.'] I. adv. Before; formerly. 
Whom sure he weend that he some-wher to-fore had eide. 
Spenter, K. Q., IV. IT. 7. 
God tofore. See God". 
II. prep. Before. 
Toforn him goth the loude mfnstralcye. 
Chaucer, Squire's Tale. I. i60. 
This notari . . . kneled downe on bis knees tofore thim- 
age of the crucifyxe. Holy Rood (E. E. T. S.\ p. 10. 
Master Latimer, I say, willed me to stay until his re- 
turn, which will be not long tofore Easter. 
J. Bradford, Letters (Parker Soc., 1853), II. 11. 
toforehandt, adr. [< ME. toforhand ; < tofore 
+ hand. Cf. beforehand.'] Beforehand. 
Ich bischop sayd to-ffrr-hand 
For sygt of the uernactil hath graunt 
\1 dayus to pardon, 
And ther-with-al her benlsun. 
Holy Rood (E. E. T. S.), p. 196. 
toforent , tofornt, "dr. and jirep. See tofore. 
tofrusht. '' ' [ME. tofnixghen , tofruxchen ; < 
to- 2 + ,/nw* 1 .] To break or dash in pieces. 
Thai . . . swour that he [the engynour) snld dey, hot he 
11-owyt on the sow [engine] sic sutelte 
That he tofnachtit I hy r ) ilk dele. Barbour, Bruce, ill. 407. 
toft 1 (toft), . [Also tuft (see fn/ti); < ME. toll 
(AL. toftum), < Icel. toft, topt, tupt, tomt, a knoll. 
a clearing, a cleared space, an inclosed piece of 
ground, = Norw. tomt, tuft = Sw. tomt, a clear- 
ing, toft, the site of a house, = Dan. toft, an in- 
closed field near a house ; lit. an empty space, 
< Icel. tomt (=r Sw. tomt), a neut. of tomr = Sw. 
torn, etc., empty: see toow.] 1. A hillock: 
a slightly elevated and exposed site: open 
ground. [Obsolete or prov. Eng.] 
As I beo-heold In-to the eat an-hel; to the tonne, 
I saun a tour on a toft tritely i-maket. 
Fieri Plowman (AX Prol., 1. 14. 
