tonal 
With this tonal system ... it has become possible to 
construct works of art of much greater extent, and much 
richer in lorms and parts, much more energetic in expres- 
sion, than any producible in past ages. 
HelmhoUz, Sensations of Tone (trans.), p. 382. 
2. Pertaining to tonality: as, a tonal fugue. 
Tonal fugue, in music. See fwjue. Tonal imitation, 
in music, imitation within the limits of the tonality of the 
piece. 
tonalite (to'nal-it), . [< Tonule (see def.) + 
-jfc2.] A naiiie proposed by Vom Rath for a 
variety of quartz diorite especially rich in bio- 
tite : it is largely developed near Tonale on the 
borders of Tyrol, 
tonality (to-nal'i-ti), 'ii. [< F. tonalite; as to- 
nal + -ity.] 1. Inmwfe: () The character or 
quality of tone. 
This exquisite quality of tonality came to the ear with 
astonishing sweetness and the winning charm of artless- 
ness come of the truest vocal art. 
The Churchman, LIV. 409. 
(b) Same as I'ey^, 1 (a). 
The Greeks, among whom our diatonic scale first arose, 
were not without a certain esthetic feeling for tonality, 
but . . . they had not developed it so decisively as in 
modern music. 
HelmholU, Sensations of Tone (trans.), p. 371. 
2. In painting, the scheme of color of a picture ; 
system of tones. 
The flesh-painting is, however, timid, and wanting in 
brilliancy, while the general tonality lacks force and ac- 
cent. The Academy, May 25, 1888, p. 365. 
tonally (to'ual-i), adv. In music, in a tonal 
manner; with" careful observance of tonality. 
And by this I do not mean merely bits that are rhythmi- 
cally and tonally coherent. 
E. Gurney, Nineteenth Century, XIII. 443. 
to-name (to'nam), n. [Also erroneously file- 
name; Sc. also tee-name; < ME. tonaine, tonome 
(=D. toenfl<nwi = MLG. toname = MHG.zuoname, 
Q. zuname; cf. Sw. tillnamn = Dan. tilnavn); < 
to 1 + Home 1 .] A name added to another name ; 
a surname ; specifically, a name in addition to 
the Christian name and surname of a person, to 
distinguish him from others of the same name, 
and usually indicating descent, place of resi- 
dence, or some personal quality or attribute. 
Such tc-names are often employed where the same families 
continually intermarry, and where consequently the same 
name is common to many individuals. They prevail espe- 
cially among the fisher population of the east coastof Scot- 
land, where in some places they are called tee-name*. 
Thai theifs that stellls and tursis hame, 
Ilk ane of thame hes ane to-name ; 
Will of the Lawis ; 
Hab of the Schawis. 
Sir B. Maitland of Lethington, Complaint against the 
[Thieves of Liddesdale. 
"They call my kinsman Ludovic with the Scar," said 
Quentin. "Our family names are so common in a Scottish 
house that where there is no land in the case we always 
give a to-name." Scott, Quentin Durward, iii. 
The possession of a surname, a to-name, a name in ad- 
dition to the Christian name, had begun in the twelfth 
century to be looked on as a needful badge of noble birth. 
E. A. Freeman, Xorman Conquest, V. 378. 
tonarion (to-na'ri-on), i. [< Gr. rovaptov, a 
pitch-pipe, <; roKof, tone : see tone 1 .] A kind of 
pitch-pipe sometimes used for the guidance of 
orators in ancient times. 
tondino (ton-de'no), . [It., dim. of tondo, a 
plate: see tondo.'] A plate having a small 
bowl-shaped center and a broad flat rim or 
marly, especially in Italian decorated wares 
such as majolica. 
tondo (ton'do), n. [< It. tondo, a plate, salver, 
sphere, < tondo, round, abbr. of rotondo, < L. 
rotundas, round : see rotund, round 1 .] A plate 
or dish with a flat rim very wide in proportion 
to the size of the center, and usually decorated 
with especial reference to the border painted 
upon this rim or marly. Compare tondino. 
tone 1 (ton), n. [Early mod. E. also tooe (not 
found in ME. , where the older form tune occurs) ; 
< F. ton = Pr. ton = Sp. toio = Pg. tono = It. 
tuono = D. toon = MHG. ton, don, G. ton = Sw. 
ton = Dan. tone (Teut. < F. or L.), < L. tonus, a 
sound, tone, etc., < Gr. roVof, a sound, tone, ac- 
cent, tension, force, strength, a cord, sinew, lit. 
a stretching, < rciveiv, stretch, = L. ten-d-ere, 
stretch: see tend 1 , Intnl. From the same Gr. 
source are ult. E. intone, tonal, tonic, atonic, ato- 
ny, diatonic, entasis, tune, attune, etc.] 1. Any 
sound considered with reference to its acute- 
ness or gravity (pitch), openness, dullness, pur- 
ity, sweetness, harshness, or the like (quality 
or timbre), or louduess or softness (strength or 
volume). 
Harmony divine 
So smoothes her charming tones that God's own ear 
Listens delighted. Milton, P. L, v. 626. 
All day the wind breathes low with mellower tune. 
Tennyson, Lotos- Eaters (Choric Song). 
(5374 
We catch faint tunes of bells that seem blown to us 
from beyond the horizon of time. 
Lou-ell, Among my Books, :M st-r., p. 196. 
Specifically 2. In musical acouxtirx, a sound 
having definiteness and continuity enough so 
that its pitch, force, and quality may be readily 
estimated by the ear, and so that it may be em- 
ployed in musical relations ; musical sound: op- 
posed to noise. SeesOMHf? 8 . Most tones are plainly 
composite, consisting of several relatively simple constit- 
uents called partial tones. Of these the lowest in pitch is 
usually the most prominent, and hence is called the prin- 
cipal or fundamental tone, while the others are called ac- 
cessory tones, overtones, or harmonics (see harmonic, n., 1). 
The difference in timbre between tones of different voices 
or instruments is due to differences in the number and rel- 
ative force of their partial tones. (See timbre.) When two 
tones are sounded together, they frequently generate resul- 
tant tones, which are further divided into di/erential and 
summational tones. See resultant. [The term note is, in 
music, commonly used interchangeably with tone, though 
properly belonging only to the visible sign by which the 
latter is represented.] 
3. Modulation, inflection, or accent of the 
voice, as adapted to express sentiment, emo- 
tion, or passion. 
Every tone, from the impassioned cry to the thrilling 
aside, was perfectly at his [Pitt's] command. 
Macaulay, William Pitt. 
Her warbling voice, a lyre of widest range 
Struck by all passion, did fall down and glance 
From tone to tone, and glided thro' all change 
Of liveliest utterance. Tennyson, Fair Women. 
The tone in which she spoke had become low and timid. 
J. S. Le Fanu, Dragon Volant, ii. 
4. An affected or artificial style of intonation 
in speaking or reading; a sing-song or mea- 
sured rhythmical manner of speaking. 
We ought, . . . certainly, to read blank verse so as to 
make every line sensible to the ear. At the same time, in 
doing so, every appearance of sing-song and tone must be 
carefully guarded against. //. Blair, Rhetoric, xxxiii. 
5. In music, one of the larger intervals of a dia- 
tonic series or scale ; a whole step or " whole 
tone" as distinguished from a half-step or semi- 
tone. The standard tones are the larger and the smaller 
major seconds, acoustically represented by the ratios 8:9 
and 9 : 10 respectively. The compromise intervals by which 
these intervals are rendered in the system of equal tem- 
nnent are also called tones or whole steps. 
n Gregorian music, a melody or tune tradi- 
tionally associated with a particular text ; an 
ancient psalm-tune. See chant (a). The origin of 
these old melodies is disputed. They may have been com- 
posed in the early Christian period, but it is more likely 
that they were imitated either from ancient Greek melo- 
dies or from the songs of the ancient Hebrews. In the 
latter case, it is possible that they preserve some of the 
musical usages of the temple music. 
7. In med., the state of tension or firmness 
proper to the tissues of the body ; the state in 
which all the parts and organs have due ten- 
sion or are well strung; the strength and activ- 
ity of the organs on which healthy functions 
depend ; hence, that state of the body in which 
all the animal functions are performed with 
healthy vigor. See tonieity. 
His form robust and of elastic tone. 
Cowper, Table Talk, 1. 218. 
I have gained a good deal in strength and tone and 
my head is just now beginning to show tokens of improve- 
ment. S. Bowles, IB Merriam, II. S40. 
8. State or temper of mind ; mood. 
The strange situation I am in, and the melancholy state 
of public affairs, . . . drag the mind down, by perpetual 
interruptions, from a philosophical tone, or temper, to the 
drudgery of private and public business. 
Eolingbrolte, To Pope. 
The mind is not alway the same; by turns It is cheer- 
ful, melancholy, severe, peevish, Ac. These differences 
may not improperly be denominated tones. 
Kames, Elements of Criticism, II. xxv. 9. 
9. Tenor; spirit; strain ; quality ; specifically, 
the general or prevailing character or style, as 
of morals, manners, or sentiments, especially a 
marked degree of such style. 
I object rather to your tone than to any of your opinions. 
Sydney Smith, To Francis Jeffrey, Sept. 3, 1809. 
Lord Palmerston for many years steadily applied his 
mind to giving, not indeed a mean tone, but a light tone, 
to the proceedings of Parliament. 
W. Sagehot, Eng. Const., vi. 
10. In painting, the prevailing effect of color, 
or the general effect produced by the manage- 
ment of light and shade in a picture : as, dark, 
light, or silvery tone. In color, tone is dependent upon 
quality namely, that part of the luminosity or transpa- 
rency of an object which is due partly to its local tint and 
partly to the light which falls upon it. In general, tone 
depends upon the harmonious relation of objects in shadow 
to the principal light. We speak of a deep tone, a rich 
tone, a vigorous or firm tone, a delicate tone, meaning the 
mode in which by harmonized relations rounded masses 
are made more or less distinct, and objects more or less 
prominent. 
The tone of Haddon Hall, of all its walls and towers and 
stonework, is the gray of unpolished silver. 
H. James, Jr. , Trans. Sketches, p. is. 
tone 
1 1 . A quality of color ; a tint ; a shade. 
The tones of the marble of Pentelicus have daily grown 
more golden. J. A. Symonds, Italy and Greece, p. 212. 
When in the golden western summer skies 
A Haming glory starts, and slowly fades 
Through crimson tone on tone to deeper shades. 
R. W. Gilder, Undying Light. 
A delicate fawn-tinted costume, in several tones, as the 
fashion experts say. The Atlantic, LXVI. 770. 
12. In chromatics, see the first quotation. 
By the tone of a colour we mean its brightness or lumi- 
nosity, i. e. the total quantity of light it sends to the eye, 
irrespective of the optical composition of the light. 
Field's Chro-matoiiraphy, Modernized by J. Scott Taylor, 
|p. 89. 
The tone of the color varies with the duration of the im- 
pression as well as with the intensity of the light. 
G. T. Ladd, Physiol. Psychology, p. 834. 
13. luphotog., the color of a finished positive 
picture, in many processes due to a chemical 
operation supplementary to those of producing 
and fixing the picture: as, a print of a brown, 
gray, or black tone; also, sometimes, the color 
of the film of a negative, etc . 1 4. In gram ., syl- 
labic accent; stress of voice on one of the syl- 
lables of a word Characteristic tone. See char- 
acteristic. Chest-tone, in singing, same as chest-voice. 
Chromatic alteration of a tone. See chromatic. 
Combinational tone, in inimical acnuxtiet, the third tone 
that is generated by the sounding together of two differing 
tones. It is produced by the coincidence of certain vibra- 
tions in the two sets of vibrations. The phrase is applied 
both to the tones below the generating tones and to those 
above them. See resultant. Also called combination tone, 
grave harmonic, resultant tone, Tartini's or differential 
tone (below), summational tone (above). Covered tone, 
in singing, a tone so resonated as to seem to be more or 
less shut into the mouth. Difference tone, differen- 
tial tone. Same as com binationat tone. Discrete tones. 
See discrete, 1. Fundamental tone. See def. 1 and 
fundamental. Harmonic tone. See harmonic. Head 
tone. See head-tone. Heart-tones, the sounds of the 
heart heard in auscultation of the chest. In a tone, in 
agreement ; of one way of thinking. 
I complained to one, and to another ; but all were in a 
tone ; and so I thought I would be contented. 
Richardson, Sir Charles Grandison, IL xL 
Leading tone. See leading note,miderleadingl. Open 
tone, (a) In singing, a tone so resonated as to seem to be 
projected from the mouth, and presented fully to the hear 
er. Opposed to covered tone, (b) In playing on musical in- 
struments of the stringed and brass wind groups, a tone 
produced from an open string or without the use of valves 
or other modifiers of the pitch. Opposed to stopped tone. 
Organ tone. See organi. Partial tone. See par- 
tial. Participating tone, in music, an accessory tone; 
especially, in a turn, one of the tones added to the princi- 
pal tone. Passing-tone. Same as passing- note. Pres- 
sure-tone, in music, a tone produced with a sudden in- 
crease of force as soon as it is sounded. See pressure-note. 
Quarter tone, in music. See quarter-tone. Resultant 
tone. Same as combinational tone. Secondary tone. 
Same as harmonic. Simple tone, a tone that cannot be 
resolved into partial tones. Stopped tone, in playing on 
musical instruments of the stringed and brass wind groups, 
a tone produced from a stopped string, or with the use of 
valves, or with the insertion of the hand into the bell, so 
as to modify the pitch. Summational tone. See com- 
binational tone. Suspended tone. See suspension, 5. 
Sustained tone. See sustained. Syncopated tone. 
See syncopate. Tartini's tone. Same as di/erential 
tone. See resultant, a. =Syn. 1. Xoise, etc. See sounds. 
tone 1 (ton), v. ; pret. and pp. tonerf, ppr. toning. 
[Early mod. E. also toone; < tone 1 , n. Cf. tune, 
i'.] 1. trans. 1. To tune. See tune. 
To Toone, modulari. 
Levins, Manip. Vocab. (E. E. T. S.X p. 168. 
2. To utter in an affected or drawling tone. 
Shutting the eyes, distorting the face, and speaking 
through the nose . . . cannot so properly be called preach- 
ing as foning of a sermon. South, Sermons, IV. i. 
3. To give tone or quality to, in respect either 
to sound or to color or tint. 
He had not forgotten the words ; . . . whenever I spoke, 
they sounded in my voice to his ear ; and their echo totted 
every answer he gave me. 
Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, xxxv. 
A fine stucco, wrought to smoothness, toned like marble, 
and painted over with the blue and red and green deco- 
rations proper to the Doric style. 
J. A. Symonds, Italy and Greece, p. 189. 
4. In pliotog., to alter the color, as of a picture 
in finishing it, to give it greater brilliancy or a 
more agreeable tint. This is performed by the action 
of a chemical solution of which the chief agent, in the 
case of ordinary silver prints on paper, is usually chlorid 
of gold, and changes the natural reddish line to a deeper 
brown, or to black or gray, etc.. as desired. 
If not toned, it will have an unpleasant coppery color, 
which seems almost unavoidable in developed prints. 
Lea, Photography, p. 262. 
To tone down, (a) In painting, to soften the coloring 
of, as a picture, so that a subdued harmony of tint may 
prevail, and all undue glare be avoided. (6) To give a 
more subdued tone to ; reduce or moderate the charac- 
teristic opinions or expressions of: render less confident, 
pronounced, or decided; soften. 
It was very possible that her philosophic studies li:ul 
taught her the art of reflection, and that, as she would 
have said herself, she was tremendously totted tltrn. 
IL James, Jr.. Confidence, xvi. 
