tongued 
tongued (ttingd), . [< ME. longed; < tongue + 
-i-<f-.~\ Possessed of ii tongue; provided or f'-ir 
nished with a tongue, in any sense of that 
word: used chictly in composition. 
of diMjueiice was never fimmlr 
So BWCtC H MlWIllngl! faCOUIldc, 
Ne trewer tii'l' r 'l, lie icorncd lanse. 
Chaucer, Death uf Blanche, 1. 927. 
Thy < Ip-i'k pays shame 
When shrill toMIMa Kiilvia scolds. 
.s/i*., A. and C., I. 1. 32. 
Tongued chisel, H (toi-inK-chiscl wlilch lias a long, down- 
wardly projecting blade, and shoulders which form ream- 
era. K. H. Kiwiht. 
tongue-depressor ( t uiig'de-pres'or), n. A spat- 
ula used to depress trie tongue in examina- 
tions of the mouth or throat. Sometimes it is 
attached to an arm passing under the lower 
jaw so as to be self-retaining. 
tongue-doughty (ttuur'dou'ti), . Valiant in 
speech; bragging. [Kare.] 
Tongue-doughty giant. Milton, s. A. , 1. 1180. 
tongue-fence (tung'fens), u. Debate ; discus- 
sion ^ argument. [Rare.] 
It being also an unseemly affront ... to have her un- 
plfusiiurncss . . . handled up and down, and aggravated 
In open court by those hir'd masters of tonyue-fence. 
Milton, Divorce, II. 81. 
tongue-fish (tung'lish), H. A kind of flatfish, 
Apnoristiu )>lagiuna, found from Virginia to 
Texas and the West Indies, it U abundant In 
sandy bays. It Is dark-brown with six or seven obscure 
cross-bands, and numerous dark specks on both body and 
tins, file eyes and color are on the left side, and the size 
is small. Compare a like use of tongue, n., 6 (m). 
tongue-flower (tuug'flou'er), . An orchid of 
the genus (llomodia. 
tongue-flowered orchis. See Seraji'uu. 
tongue-grafting (tung' grafting), . See 
graft ing, 1. 
tongue-grass (tung'gras), n. The peppergrass, 
chiefly Lenidium sativum. 
tongue-holder (tuug'hol'der), n. A dental in- 
strument serving to prevent the tongue from 
getting in the way during an operation. One 
form has a clamp U> hold the tongue down, while the sub- 
lingual and submaxlllary ducts are closed by absorbent 
pads applied before the compress. 
tongue-hound (tung'hound), M. Either one of 
the two front hounds of a vehicle, between and 
to which the tongue or pole is attached. See 
cut under hound. 
tongue-joint (tung' joint), M. In welding, a split 
joint formed by inserting a wedge-shaped piece 
into a corresponding split piece, and welding 
the two together. 
tongue-lashing (tung'lash"ing), n. A scold- 
ing; wordy abuse or vituperation. 
tongueless (tung'les). a. [Early mod. E. also 
toinjlrsne; < tongue + -less.] 1. Having no 
tongue; aglossal. 2. Speechless; voiceless; 
silent. 
This murder might haue slept in longlesae hrussu 
But for our seines. 
C. Tourneur, Revenger's Tragedy, v. 3. 
3f. Unnamed ; not spoken of. 
One good deed dying tongueless 
Slaughters a thousand waiting upon that. 
Skalt., W. T.,l. 2.92. 
tonguelet (tung'let), . [< tongue + -let.'] 1. 
An animal of the group Linguatulina or Penta- 
stomidea; a fivemouths. See cut under Penta- 
stoma. 2. In entom., the ligula. 3. A small 
tongue or tongue-like part or process; some- 
thing linguiform or ligulate. 
tongue-mant (tung 'man), . A speaker; a 
talkative person. 
A boasting, insolent tongue-man! 
B. Jonmi, Catiline, Iv. >.. 
tongue-membrane (tung'mem"'brau), . The 
lingual ribbon of a mollusk. See cuts under 
radiiln and ribbon. 
tongue-padt (tung'pad), n. A great talker. 
[Slang.] 
She who was a celebrated wit at London is, In that dull 
part of the world, called a tongue-pad. Taller. 
tongue-shaped (tung'shapt), a. Formed like 
a tongue; finguiforin; ligulate; strap-shaped; 
in hot., long and nearly flat, somewhat fleshy, 
and rounded at the apex: as, a tnngue-shaped 
leaf. 
tongue-shell (tung'shel), . A brachiopod 
of the family l.ingnliitx'; a liugulid. See cuts 
under Lingulidee. 
tongue-shot (tung'shot), . The reach of the 
tongue; the distance the sound of words uttered 
by the tongue can be heard; ear-shot. [Rare.] 
She would stand timidly aloof out of tongue-nhot. 
C. Ktade, Cloister and Hearth Hi 
6377 
tongues-man t, . Same as tongue-man. 
I hen cinne, (.wed Prince, Wales wooeth thee hy me, 
By me hir sorrie Tongt-inan 
lta.pie, Mlcrocosmos, p. 22. (Daviet.) 
tonguesoret (tung'sor), . [< tongue + /wre 1 .] 
Kvil tongue; wicked speech; ill speaking. 
I 'dull, tr. of Apophthegms of Erasmus, i., Socra- 
tes, $ 55. 
tongue-spatula (tung ' spat 'u -IS), . 1. A 
tongue-compressor. 2. A tongue-depressor. 
tonguester (tung'st&r), . [< tongue + -ter.] 
A talkative, loquacious person; achatterer; a 
babbler. Tennyson, Harold, v. 1. [Rare.] 
tongue-test (tung'test), . A rough method of 
testing the, condition of a battery or the con- 
tinuity of an electric circuit, by touching the 
two ends of a break in the circuit with the 
tongue, and observing the sensation produced. 
tongue-tie (tuug'ti), a. Impeded motion of the 
tongue in consequence of the shortness of the 
frenum lingua). 
tongue-tie (tung'ti), c. f. To deprive of tin- 
power of speech or of distinct articulation. 
tongue-tied (tung'tid), a. 1. Having the 
tongue tied, by reason of the shortness of the 
bridle or frenum, to the extent of impeding 
speech or causing indistinct articulation. 2. 
Unable to speak out or freely from whatever 
cause, as embarrassment: as, " tongue-tied sim- 
plicity," Miak., M. N. D., v. 1. 104. 
Wronged men are seldom tongue-tied. 
O. Harvey, Four Letters. 
tongue-tooth (tung'toth), . A tooth of the 
lingual ribbon of a mollusk; a radular tooth. 
See cut under raduln. P. P. Carpenter. 
tongue-tree (tung'tre), n. The pole of a 
wagon. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
tongue-valiant (tung'val'yant), a. Valiant in 
speech or words only ; brave in words, not in 
action. 
Tongue valiant hero, vannter of thy might, 
In threats the foremost, but the lag in fight 
Dryden, Iliad, 1. 836. 
tongue-Violet (tung'vi'o-let), . See Mitreig- 
grria. 
tongue-warrior (tung'wor'i-or), . One who 
fights only with the tongue; a tongue-valiant 
hero. 
Irritated from time to time by these tongue-warrior*. 
Additon, Pretty Disaffection. 
tongue-work (tung'werk), n. It. Work in the 
tongues; philological labor. 
And let this comparison of a labouring man by the way 
put you In mimic (gentle reader) of his labours that hath 
laboured so much and so long to saue you a labour, which 
I doubt not but he may as iustly stand vpon in this toong 
wort as in Latin Sir Thomas Eliot. Bishop Cooper, . . . 
after them Thomas Thomas and John Ilider, have done 
amongst vs. Flimo, It. Diet, (1598X To the Reader, p. [xli. ]. 
2. Talk; babble. [Colloq.] 
tonic 
used; etc. single loiiguinu "i.ly l applicable In instru- 
ments with a reed, like UM oboe and thccUiim-t. .mil tin i. 
operates like the " percussion "sometimes introduced into 
the hanmmliim, while double and triple tonguing are ap- 
|ilichlc I" the Ililte. tip I! limpet, etc. 
The accentuates and tnmjuinaol Mr. Kx' plccciln -"I" 
Ktatim Daily Advertitfr, (let. 7, 1.-S7. 
tonguy, a. Se<- imigiiri/. 
tonic (lon'ik), (/. and n. [< F. liiuiifite = S|.. 
Iniiirn \'u. It. tiinii-ii, < M.. 'iiiiiictm, < Gr. 
rovixof., < rovof, tone, accent : see tone* .] I. 
a. 1. Of or relating to tones or musical sounds. 
In point of tonic power, I presume It [the organ) will 
if allowed preferable to all others. 
r. Mann, Church Music, i. 
I've seen It again and again. If a man takes to tongue 
work, it 's all over with him. George Kliot, Felix Holt, xx. 
tongue-worm (tung'wrm), ii. 1. A tongue- 
shaped worm ; a tonguelet. 2. The so-called 
"worm" of the tongue of some animals, as 
dogs ; the lytta. 
tonguey, tonguy (tung'i), a. [< ME. tungy; 
< tongue + -#i.] Fluent, or voluble in speech ; 
loquacious; garrulous. [Now colloq.] 
Asa graueli steering vp In the feet of an old man [as the 
climbing up a sandy way Is to the feet of the aged, A. V.), 
so a tungu woniman to a quyete man. 
Wyclif, Ecclus. xxv. 27. 
He jes' ropes in your tonguey chaps an' reg'lar ten-Inch 
bores, 
An' lets 'em play at Congress, ef they 'U du it with closed 
doors. Lowett, Blglow Papers, 2d ser.. 111. 
tonguing (tung'ing), n. [Verbal n. of tongur, 
i'.] T. The act or state of projecting like or as 
a tongue. 
The tomjuina-iu of one series with the other is com- 
plete. Quart. Jour. Oeol. Soc., XL\l. 261. 
2. In hort., a process intended to promote the 
rooting of layers. See the quotation. 
In tonguing the leaves are cut off the portion which 
has to be brought under ground, and a tongue or silt is 
then cut from below upwards close beyond a joint, of 
such length that, when the cut part of the layer is pegged 
an inch or two (In large woody subjects 3 or 4 inches) be- 
low the surface, the elevation of the point of the shoot to 
an upright position may open the incision, and thus set It 
free, so that it may be surrounded by earth to Induce it 
to form roots. Encyc. Brit., XII. 2S5. 
3. In playing on musical wind-instruments, the 
act. process, or result of modifying or interrupt- 
ing the tone by means of a stroke of the tongue, 
so as to produce a marcato or staccato effect. 
Tonguing is termed tingle when but one kind of stroke is 
used, as if to produce the consonant t over and over ; dou- 
ble, when two strokes are used in alternation, as If to pro- 
duce ( and * alternately ; triple, when three strokes are 
2. Specifically, in munie, of or perttUxing to, or 
founded on, the key-note or tonic. 3. Of or 
pertaining to tension ; increasing tension. 
The others Imuscles). however, are all slightly contract- 
ed, and would tevemlly produce motion were they not 
balanced or out balanced by their antagonist muscles. 
This pervading activity of the muscles Is called their tome 
state. II. Spencer, 1'rin. of PsjcboL, f SSi. 
4. In med., increasing the strength or tone of 
the animal system; obviating the effects of 
weakness or "debility, and restoring healthy 
functions; hence, bracing or invigorating to 
the mental or the moral nature. 
Goethe says that In seasons of cholera one should read 
no books but such as are tonir, and certainly In the season 
of old age this precaution Is an salutary as In seasons of 
cholera. M. Arnold, Essays in Criticism, 2d ser., p. MO. 
Tonic chord, a chord having the key-note for Its root. 
Tonic pedal, an organ- or pedal-point formed on the key- 
note. Tonic section, a section or period In the key of 
the original key-note of a piece, and closing with a tonic 
cadence. Tonic aol-faiat.one who uses or Is expert in 
the tonic sol-fa system. Tonic sol-fa notation, the 
form of musical notation used In the tonic sol-fa sys- 
tem. Tones are represented by the initial letters of their 
solmization syllable!, d standing for do, r for n, m for 
mi, f lor .fa, g for tol, 1 for {a, and t for (t. Higher and 
lower octaves are represented by superscript and subscript 
numerals, as m' for the higher u'. or Bj for the lower lot. 
Time-values arc indicated by placing the required letters 
on a line at proportional distances. The heavy beat or 
pulse at the beginning of a measure Is Indicated by a ver- 
tical bar, and all other principal pulses by pulse-marks I:]. 
As these pulses are equal in length, the pulse-marks are 
placed equidistant from each other, thus(ln trlplerhythm), 
i : : : : , etc. A tone tilling a pulse Is Indicated 
by it initial placed In the space belonging to the pulse. 
The continuance of u tone from one pulse to another U 
indicated by a dash tilling the space of the second pulse. 
If a pulse Is divided, the half-pulse is marked hy a . In the 
middle of the space: quarter-pulses are similarly marked 
by a ,. The absolute pitch of the key-note is indicated at 
the outset hy its letter-name. Modulations are marked 
not only by giving the letter-name of the new key-note, 
but by indicating in each voice-part the syllable-names in 
both the old and the new keys of the tone on which the 
transition takes plnce. Chromatic tones are solmizated 
In the usual way. The tune "America" ("Uod Save the 
Queen "), for example, begins thus : 
Key K. 
d : d : r | t,: -.d : r m : m : f m : -.r : d 
s,: 1, : 1, [ s,:-.i, : t,i d : d : d d :-.t, :d 
Mycountry! 'tis of thee, '' Sweet land of lib - er - ty, 
m : m : f r : -. r : ! s :1 : 1 s : -. f :m 
Id :l,:f, I s,:-.s,: s, d : 1, : f, s, :-.ge,:l, 
Tonic sol-fa system, the most extensive and Important of 
the modern systems of classifying, explaining, and teach- 
ing the facts of music. The system Is said to have origi- 
nated in the efforts of Miss .Sarah A. (Hover, about 18U>, to 
simplify the processor teaching music to children. Her ex- 
periments were taken up about 1 s'-n by the Rev. John Our- 
wen, and gradually developed into asclentitlc system. The 
name of the system Indicates two of Its fundamental char- 
acteristics namely, emphasis on tonality, with its multi- 
farious interrelations of tones, as the controlling factor in 
all musical construction, and the use of the Uuidonlan sol- 
mization as a guide to study, terminology, and notation. 
Melody and harmony are studied by constant reference to 
the ideal major and minor scales; and grent line Is made 
of a chart of these scales, with their closest relations, called 
a modulator (which see). Rhythmic and metric facts are 
similarly referred to Ideal formula;. The voice Is treated 
as the chief instrument of musical performance. In order to 
do away with the arbitrary intricaclesof the staff-notation, 
with its inherent dependence on the keyboard, and to force 
the mind of the singer to dwell constantly on the tonic 
qualities of tones, instead of on their supposed distance 
from each other, a notation has been devised which is now 
capable of representing all important musical facts. (Baa 
(mV*il-/ notation.) The remarkable success of the tonic 
sol-fa movement, particularly in Great Britain, Is due. nrst, 
to its insistence on the basal truths of musical science to 
the exclusion of arbitrary traditions, and, second, to the 
highly systematic method of teaching these truths which 
its advocates have elaborated. Its importance Is demon- 
strated not only hy Its Immense popular success where 
It has been properly undertaken, but by Its unmistakable 
influence on the terminology and methods of all scientific 
musical study. Although originally intended to apply 
only to vocal music, its principles have been extended to 
certain branches of instrumental music with success. 
Tonic spasm, in wed. , a steady and continuous Involun- 
tary muscular contraction enduring for a comparatively 
long time. It is opposed to clonie ffxum, in which the 
muscles contract and relax alternately In very quick suc- 
cession, producing the appearance of agitation. In tonic 
spasm, however, there Is always a very slow alternate con- 
traction and relaxation. The spasms of tetanus are tonic, 
those of epilepsy first tonic and then clonie. 
