torcular 
torcular (tor'ku-lav), . [< L. lorciilar, a pvess 
used iu making wine, < torquere, twist: see tort 1 ,'] 
1. A surgical instrument, the tourniquet. 2. 
In anat., the confluence of the venous sinuses 
in the brain: more fully called torcular Hero- 
phi/i Torcular Herophili, in anat., the wine-press 
of Herophilus, the place in the meninges of the brain, at 
the internal occipital protuberance, where the sinus of 
the falx cerebri joins the lateral sinus of the tentorium 
cerebelli, and other sinuses meet. This confluence of 
venous currents was supposed to exert some pressure upon 
the circulation (whence the name). See straight sinus, 
under sinus. 
Tordylium (tor-dil'i-um), 11. [NL. (Morison, 
1672), < L. tordylion, tordylou, < Gr. ropdiiZiov, 
-opfv/Mv, an umbelliferous plant, hartwort.] A 
genus of umbelliferous plants, of the tribe Peu- 
cedanese. It is characterized by conspicuous calyx- 
teeth, marginal petals frequently enlarged and two-lobed, 
a hirsute ovary, and a fruit with thick and often rugose 
margin, inconspicuous ridges, and oil-tubes solitary in 
their channels, or in a few species numerous. There are 
about 12 species, natives of Europe, northern Africa, and 
temperate and central parts of Asia, They are hairy an- 
nuals, usually bearing pinnate leaves with broad leaflets, 
or sometimes somewhat cordate undivided leaves. The 
flowers are white or purplish, and form compound um- 
bels. The species are known as hartwort (which see). 
tore 1 (tor). Preterit of tear 1 . 
tore 12 (tor), n. [Early mod. E. also tor, torre; 
prob. a particular use of tor 1 , a hill, prominence 
(W. tar, a knob, boss, etc.) : see tor 1 .] 1. A pro- 
jecting knob or ball used as an ornament on 
furniture, as cradles and chairs. 
The Queen came forth, and that with no little worldly 
pompe, was placed in a Chaire having two faithfull Sup- 
porters, the Master of Maxwell upon the one Torre, and 
Secretary Lethington upon the other Torre of the Chaire. 
Knox, Hist. Ref. in Scotland, iv. 
2. The pommel of a saddle. 
A horse he never doth bestride 
Without a pistol at each side, 
And without other two before, 
One at either saddle tore. 
Colvil, Mock Poem, i. 41. (Jamieson.) 
[Obsolete or provincial in both uses.] 
tore 3 (tor), n. [Origin unknown; cf. W. tor, a 
break, cut, tori, break, cut.] The dead grass 
that remains on mowing land in winter and 
spring. [Prov. Eng.] 
tore 4 t, a. See tor*. 
tore 5 (tor), n. [< NL. torus, q. v.] 1. In arch., 
same as torus, 1. 2. In geom., a surface gen- 
erated by the revolution of a conic (especially a 
circle) about an axis lying in its plane. 
toreador (tor"e-a-d6r'), n. [Also torreador, tau- 
reador ; < Sp. toreador, a bull-fighter, < torear, en- 
fage in a bull-fight, < toro, a bull : see steer 2 .'] A 
panish bull-fighter, especially one who fights 
on horseback. 
toreavet, . t- [ME. toreven; < to-2 + reave.'] 
To take away completely. Piers Plowman (C), 
iv. 203. 
torelyt, [ME., < tore*, tor*, + -ly"*.] With 
difficulty; hardly; stoutly; firmly. 
The Troiens, on the tothir syde, torely with stode, 
Dysasent to the dede, Dukes & other. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 8016. 
torendt, v. t. [ME. torenden; < to-2 + rendl.] 
To rend in pieces; tear. Chaucer, Troilus, ii. 
790. 
torett, torettet, [ME., also turet, < OF. (and 
F.) touret, a wheel, reel, spinning-wheel, dim. 
of tour, a turn: see towr 2 , turn.] 1. A ring, 
such as those by which a hawk's lune or leash 
was fastened to the jesses, or that on a dog's 
collar through which the leash passed. Chaucer, 
Knight's Tale, 1. 1294. 2. The eye in which 
a ring turns. 
This ring renueth in a maner turet. 
6390 
though all hammered work is more strictly called emptrs- 
tic work. Ivory-carving was also a department of toreutic 
work, which therefore covered the production of chrysele- 
phantine statues. 
Of toreutic work in bronze these tombs seem to have 
yielded very little. 
C. T. Newton, Art and Arclueol., p. 397. 
toreutics (to-ro'tiks), n. pi. [PI. of toreutic (see 
-ics).] See' the quotation. 
Toreutics, by which is meant sculpture in metals, and 
also this combination of metal with other materials. 
C. 0. Mvller, Manual of Arclueol. (trans.X I 85. 
torft, w. A Middle English form of turf. 
torfaceous (tor-fa'shius), a. [< ML. * torfa, titrfa 
(< E. turf), + -aceous.] Growing in bogs or 
mosses : said of plants. 
torfel (t6r'fl), . i. [Cf. terfle.] To fall; de- 
cline; die. Hall'twell ; Jamieson. [Prov. Eng. 
and Scotch.] 
torferet, torfert, [ME., also torfoyr; <Icel. 
torfeera, a difficult passage or road, torfterr, 
hard to pass, < tor-, hard, + fara, go, pass : see 
tor 4 and /are 1 .] Difficulty; trouble. 
Suche torfoyr and torment of-telle herde I neuere. 
York Plays, p. 432. 
Thow arte be-trayede of thi mene, that moste thow on tray- 
stede. 
That schalle turne the to tene and torfere for ever. 
Morte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1956. 
torgant, a. See targant. 
torgoch (tor'goch), n. [< W. torgoch, lit. 'red- 
belly,' < tor, belly, + coch, red.] The red-bellied 
char, a variety of the common char, Salvelinus 
alpimis, found in mountain lakes in Great Brit- 
ain ; the saibling, as there found. See char*. 
tori, n. Plural of torus. 
Torify (to'ri-fi), . t^ pret. and pp. Torified, 
ppr. '" ' '_' 
Tory of. [Humorous.] 
He is Liberalizing them instead of their Tortfying him. 
Sir O. C. Lewis, Letters, p. 262. (Dacies.) 
Torilis (tor'i-lis), n. [NL. (Adanson, 1763), 
perhaps from the thick stylppodia, representing 
the disk, < L. torus, a cushion.] A former ge- 
nus of umbelliferous plants, of the tribe Cauca- 
linete, and now classed as a section of Caucalis, 
which is a genus of about 20 species, distin- 
guished from Daucus, the carrot, by a muri- 
cate, bristly, or aculeate fruit with the face 
deeply channeled. The species are natives of Europe, 
Asia, and northern Africa. They are usually rough an- 
nuals, with pinnately decompound leaves, and white or 
purplish flowers in compound umbels either terminal or 
opposite the leaves, commonly with few rays and few in- 
volucral bracts or none, but with many-leaved involucels 
and the marginal flowers commonly radiate, the other 
petals obcordate and these enlarged and bind. They are 
chiefly known as hedge-parsley (which see) and also bur- 
parsley. 
torillo (to-ril'6), n. [Sp. torillo, a little bull, 
dim. of toro, a bull: see steer 2 .] One of the 
hemipods, Turnix sylvatica, found in Spain: 
apparently so called from its pugnacity. See 
Turnix. 
Torins (to-ran'), n. A red wine grown in the 
department of Saone-et-Loire, France, resem- 
bling Burgundy of the second class, and keep- 
ing well. 
toritt, . t. [ME. toritten, torytten; < to-2 + 
rit 1 .] To cleave or tear in pieces. 
Hyre ryche robys sche all to-rytte, 
And was ravysed out of hyr wytte. 
MS. Ashmole 61, XV. Cent. (Halliwell, under ritte.) 
torivet, v. t. [ME. toriven; < to-2 + rivei.] To 
rive in pieces ; rend. 
The king share thrugh his shild with the sharpe ende, 
And the rod all to roofe right to his honde. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1234. 
ppr. Torifying. [< Tory + -fy.] To make a 
p. 
To 
Chaucer, Astrolabe, i. 2. torment (tor'ment), n. [< ME. torment, tour- 
toreumatography (to-ro-ma-tog'ra-fi), n. [< % ent ' t urment > < OF - torment, tourment, turment, 
Gr. T6p C vua( T --), work "in relief (< ropeifeiv, bore, ^rment = Pr. torment, turment = Sp. Pg. 
It. tormento, torment (cf. Sp. Pg. tormenta, a 
tempest), < L. tormentum, an engine for hurl- 
ing stones, a missile so hurled, also an instru- 
ment of torture, a rack, hence torture, anguish, 
torment, also a mangle, clothes-press, also a 
cord, rope, < torquere, twist, hurl, throw, rack, 
torture, torment: see tor* 1 . Cf. torture."] If. 
An engine of war for casting stones, darts, or 
other missiles ; a tormentum. 
, , 
chase), + -ypaifiia, < ypcujtuv, write.] A descrip- 
tion of or treatise on ancient art-work in metal. 
toreumatology (to-ro-ma-tol'o-ji), . [< Gr. 
r6pevfia(T-), work in relief, + '-loy/a, < teyeiv, 
speak: see -ology.] The art or technic of an- 
cient art-work in metal. 
toreutes (to-r8'tez), . ; pi. toreutse (-te). [< 
Gr. Topeurfo, one who works in relief, < ropsvetv, 
bore, chase : see toreutic.'] In antiq., an artist 
or artisan in metal. 
toreutic (to-r6'tik), a. [= F. toreutique, < Gr. 
Topevrmof, < ropeiieiv, bore, chase, emboss.] In 
anc. metal-ivork, chased, carved, or embossed: 
noting, in general, all varieties of sculptured, 
modeled, or other art-work in metal. The to- 
reutic art was considered to include casting and the pro- 
duction of designs in relief on a surface of metal by beat- 
Ing out a plate with hammers or punches from behind 
(repousse), or by beating it into a mold of wood or metal, 
Vitruuius . . . sayth, All turmentes of warre, whiche 
we cal ordinance, were first inuented by kinges or gou- 
ernours of hostes. Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, i. 8. 
2. An instrument of torture, as the rack, the 
thumbscrew, or the wheel ; also, the application 
of such an instrument, or the torture caused 
by it. 
Zaynte Agase, thet mid greate blisse . . . yede to tor- 
ment alsuo ase hi yede to feste other to a bredale. 
Ayenbite, of Inwyt (E. E. T. S.), p. 166. 
tormentil 
This torment of the wheele I find in Aristotle to have 
been used amongst the ancient Grecians. 
Coryat, Crudities, I. 11. 
3. Hence, anything which causes great pain 
or suffering; a source of trouble, sorrow, or 
anguish. 
A ! lorde, we were worthy 
Mo turmentis for to taste, 
But mende vs with mercye 
\ Als thou of myght is moste. 
York Plays, p. 393. 
Why, death 's the end of evils, and a rest 
Rather than torment: it dissolves all griefs. 
B. Jonson, Catiline, v. 6. 
4. A state of suffering, bodily or mental ; mis- 
ery; agony. 
Sixteene dayes he travelled in this feare and torment. 
Capt. John Smith, True Travels, I. 42. 
How can I tell 
In any words the torment of that hell 
That she for her own soul had fashioned? 
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, III. 151. 
5. An object of torture ; a victim. [Rare.] 
That instant he becomes the sergeant's care, 
His pupil, and his torment and his jest. 
Cmvper, Task, iv. 632. 
6f. A tempest; a tornado. 
In to the se of Spayn wer dryuen in a torment 
Among the Sarazins. Rob. of Brunne, p. 148. 
= Syn, 4. Anguish, Torture, etc. See agony. 
torment (tor-menf), v. t. [< ME. tormenten, 
tourmenten, turmenten, < OF. tormenter, titrm en- 
ter, tourmenter, F. tourmenter = Pr. tormentor, 
turmentar = Sp. tormentor (also atormentar = 
Pg. atormentar) = It. tormentare, < ML. tor- 
mentare, torment, twist, < L. tormentum, tor- 
ment: see torment, .] 1. To put to torment, 
as with the rack or the wheel ; torture. 
He shall be tormented with fire" and brimstone in the 
presence of the holy angels. Rev. xiv. 10. 
2. To bring suffering or misery upon ; pain ; 
plague; distress; afflict. 
Thow dosse bot tynnez thi tyme, and turmenttez thi pople. 
Morte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1964. 
Raw it is no better then poyson, and being rosted, ex- 
cept it be tender and the heat abated, ... it will prickle 
and torment the throat extreamely. 
Capt. John Smith, Works, I. 123. 
A provoking gipsy ! to run away, and torment her poor 
lather, that doats on her ! Colman, Jealous Wife, ii. 
3. To twist ; distort. 
The flx'd and rooted earth, 
Tormented into billows, heaves and swells. 
Coutper, Task, ii. 101. 
The monument of Margaret [of Bourbon] herself is ... 
in white marble, tormented into a multitude of exquisite 
patterns. H. James, Jr., Little Tour, p. 246. 
4. To throw into agitation; disturb greatly. 
[Bare.] 
Then, soaring on main wing, 
Tormented all the air. Milton, P. L, vi. 244. 
= Syu. 1. To agonize, rack, excruciate. 2. Plague, Wor- 
ry, etc. (See tease.) Trouble, Distress, etc. See afflict. 
tormenta, n. Plural of tormentum. 
tormented (tfir-men'ted), p. a. Tortured ; ago- 
nized; distorted: occasionally used in the 
United States as a euphemism for damned: 
as, not a tormented cent. Lowell, Int. to Big- 
low Papers. 
tormenter (tor-men'ter), n. [< torment + -er 1 .] 
See tormentor. 
tormentful (tor'ment-ful), a. [< torment + 
-ful.] Causing great suffering or torment. 
[Rare.] 
Malice, and envy, and revenge are unjust passions, and 
iu what nature soever they are, they are as vexatious and 
tormentful to itself as they are troublesome and mischie- 
vous to others. 
TUlotson, Sermons, III. 192. (Richardson, Supp.) 
tormentil (tor'men-til), n. [Formerly tormen- 
tile; < F. tormentille = Pr. tormentilla = Sp. 
tormentila = Pg. It. tormentilla, < ML. tormen- 
tilla, tormentella, also tornilla, tornella, tormen- 
til; so called, it 
is said, because 
supposed to al- 
lay the pain of 
the toothache, < 
L. tormentum, 
torment : see tor- 
nient.] A plant, 
Potentilla Tor- 
mentilla, of Eu- 
rope and tem- 
perate Asia, it 
is a low herb with 
slender forking 
stems, the lower 
leaves with five leaf- 
lets, the upper with 
three the flowers 
small, bright-yel- 
low, and having 
