touchstone 
I'ompaiT my worth with others' base desert, 
Let virtue In- the tniirtixtini' nf my love. 
Hi'iillnn, Idea, Ix. 
tOUChWOOd (tnch'wiid), ii. [Appar. < tum-li + 
ii-iHiil 1 ; <{. /IIHI-II-IIIIIH-I; Accordini; In Skeal, :i n 
altered 1'iinil, silillllatinir luiliii, ill' tin-In -irnnil, < 
larlii - + (/!.] The soft white HI- yellowish 
substance into which wood is converted liytlic 
action of certain fun^i: so called from itH prop- 
erty of liui-iiinc; for many hours, when once i^ 
nilcil, like tinder. When the inyci -liuin is in great 
abundance, it is sometimes observed to be luminous. Th<- 
11:11111- t'liiflui / in also uppliud to the fungus Polyporut 
>:i, ">iriii*. See spunk, 1, awaititu, Polypanu. 
touchy (tucli'i), a. [A later form of tm-lii/, 
tii-lii/. ii/i-lii/, simulating tniii'li + y 1 . Si-e li-rlti/. 
In del'. '1 directly < lunch + -i/ 1 .] 1. Apt to 
take offense on slight provocation; irritable; 
irascible; peevish; testy; tetchy. 
Cul. If 1 ilni.it light, your tongue would lie at quiet. 
Met. \" in-e tinn-hie without nil cause. 
li:-<iii. and Fl., Maid's Tragedy, ill. 
Take heed, my wit of the world ! this Is no age (or 
wasps ; 'tis a dangerous touchy age, and will not endure 
the stinging. Randolph, Hey for Honesty, Int. 
You tell me that you apprehend 
My verse may touchy folks offend. 
(Jay, Fables, IV. 
2. Iii dean-alive art, made up of small points, 
broken lines, or touches, and not drawn in a 
firm unbroken line, as the outline of any pat- 
tern. [Colloq.] 
touffont, . See typhoon. 
tough (tuf), a. ana n. [Formerly spelled also 
tuff; < ME. tough, toicyh, ton, tog, < AS. toh = 
MD. taey, D. Utai = MLG. td, taie, tege, teie, LG. 
tini, tiii : . taaq, tage = OHG. zahi, MHO. zxhe, 
G. ziihe, zah, G. dial. zaeh, tough. For the 
noun use, cf. equiv. rough%, associated with 
roinjh 1 , a., but prob. a sophisticated form of 
ruff (or ruffian.] I. n. 1. Having the property 
of flexibility without brittleness ; yielding to a 
bending force without breaking ; also, hard to 
cut or sever, as with a cutting-instrument: as, 
tough meat. 
Of bodies, some are fragile, and gome are tough and not 
fragile. Bacon, Nat. HIM.. {841. 
Get me a cudgel, sirrah, and a tough one. 
Beau, and Fl., King and No King, v. 8. 
And after this manner you may also keep gentles all 
winter, which is a good bait then, and much the better 
for being lively and tu/e. 
I. Walton, Complete Angler (1653), xli. 
A goose of most promising figure, but which, at table, 
proved so iitveterately tough that the carving-knife would 
make no impression on its carcass. 
Hawthorne, Scarlet Letter, Int., p. 20. 
2. Firm; strong; able to endure hardship, hard 
work, or ill usage ; hardy; not easily broken or 
impaired. 
The hauberkes of tough mayle that the speres splyndred 
in peces. Merlin (E. E. T. 8.), iii. 486. 
He 's well enough ; he has a travell'd body, 
And, though he be old, he 's tough and will endure well. 
Fletcher, Pilgrim, T. 1. 
3. Not easily separated ; tenacious; stiff; ropy; 
viscous: as, a tough clay; tough phlegm. 
A cart that is overladen, going up a hill, draweth the 
horses back, and in a tough mire niaketh them stand still. 
Tyndale, Ans. to Sir T. More, etc. (Parker Soc. , 1860X p. 211. 
4. Not easily influenced; unyielding; stubborn; 
hardened ; incorrigible. 
Callous and tough, 
The reprobated race grows judgment-proof. 
Cowper, Table-Talk, 1. 458. 
A Middle English form of ti<ihn. 
I found Mr. Macready 
headed Scotchman. 
a tough, sagacious, long- 
Scott, Rob Roy, xlv. 
5. Hard to manage or accomplish; difficult; 
trying; requiring great or continued effort. 
[Colloq.] 
She [the town of Breda] has yielded up the Ghost to Spi- 
nola's Hands, after a tmiiili Siege of thirteen Months, and a 
Clrcumvallation of near upon twenty Miles Compass. 
Iliim'll, Letters, I. tv. 15. 
"My Lord," said the King, "here's a rather tmigh job." 
Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, II. 69. 
6. Severe; violent: as, a tough rebuke or ti- 
rade; a tough storm. [Colloq.] Mild and tough, 
a phrase applied in some localities to fine brick-clay which 
has been mellowed or ripened by exposure. When fresh 
the clay is said to be Aor( and rough. To make it 
tought, to take pains ; also, to make a difficulty about a 
thing: treat it as of great importance. Tough pitch. 
See poling, 2, and toughening. 
II. it. A rough; a bully; an incorrigibly 
vicious fellow; a bad character. [Cofloq., 
U. S.] 
And then the whole appearance of the young timrih 
changed, and the terror and horror that had showed on 
his face turned to one of low sharpness and evil cunning. 
Smbner'i Ma : ,., Vlll.c,:. 
toughbark (tuf'bark), n. See Pim/li-n. 
6403 
tough-cake (tuf'kiik), H. Refined copper. <ir 
copper brought to what is called by the English 
smeller-, tniii/li /iitrli, cast into ingots or cakes. 
See tiiiii/ln IIIHII anil i-iil.f-i-iiii/ii r. 
toughen (tuf'ii), r. [< tough + -*>'.] I. in- 
trniix. To grow tough or tougher. 
Hops off the kiln lay three weeks to cold, give, and 
toughen, else they will break to powder. 
Mortimer, Husbandry. 
II. irnuy. To make tough or tougher Tough- 
ened glass. Heeofaa. 
toughening (turning), //. [Verbal n. of tnuiili- 
e;i.J Tim final process in the metallurgic treat- 
ment of copper ores, by which the last traces of 
foreign metals are removed as far as possible, 
and the copper brought to what is called in 
Kiifrlnnd tniii/li /utrli. See /inliiii/. '2. 
toughhead (tnrhed), . The hardhead, aduck. 
(Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts.] 
toughly (tuf'ii), rfi\ In a tough manner. 
toughness (tuf'nes), . [Early mod. E. also 
liiiYneux; < tough + -ness.'} The property or 
character of being tough, in any sense. 
Stock fish ls a dish, 
If It be well drest, for the tuffnea' sske, 
We'll make the proud'st of 'em long and leap for 't. 
Beau, and Ft., Honest Man's Fortune (edT 1679), r. 
tOUghtt, n. 
tn id. 
Toulouse goose. See goose. 
tount. . An old spelling of burn. 
toup (t8p), u. [Malay.] A three-masted Malay 
lugger, from 50 to 60 feet long, and from 10 to 
12 feet wide and about as deep. It sails well, 
and carries a large cargo. 
toupee (to-pe'), n. [< F. toupet, dim. of OF. 
toupe, a tuft of hair: see top 1 .) A curl or arti- 
ficial lock of hair, especially on the top of the 
head or as a sort of crowning feature of a peri- 
wig; a periwig having such a top-knot ; hence, 
an artificial patch of hair worn to cover a bald 
spot or other defect. 
Remember how often you have been stripped, and 
kicked out of doors, your wages all taken up beforehand, 
and spent In translated red-heeled shoes, second-hand 
toupees, and repaired laced nifties. 
Su^ft, Advice to Servants (Footman). 
The coiffures were equally diversified, consisting of tye- 
tops, crape cushions, toupees, sustained and enriched with 
brass and gilt clasps, feathers, and flowers. 
5. Judd, Margaret, i. 10. 
toupet (to-pa'), ii. [< F. toupet, a tuft of hair: 
see toupee.} 1 . Same as toupee. 2. The crested 
or tufted titmouse, Parus or Lophophanea bi- 
color: more fully called toupet tit. (See cut 
under titmouse.) The term is an old book- 
name, never in general use. T. Pennant. 
tour 1 !, n. A Middle English form of toirer. 
tour 2 (t6r), n. [Formerly also tower, tou'r; < F. 
tour, a turn, journey, tour: see <rii, n.] If. A 
turn ; a revolution. 
To solve the tow'n by heavenly bodies made. 
Sir R. Biaetmore, Creation, ii. 
2. A turn, course, or shift, as of duty or work : 
originally a military use. 
Oonsalvo de Cordova retained all his usual equanimity, 
. . . took his turn in the humblest tour of duty with the 
meanest of them. Preteott, Ferd. ami Isa., ii. 14. 
The machine-tenders, of whom there are two to each 
Fourdrinier, work in toun or shifts twelve hours each. 
Harper 1 ! Mag., LXXV. 129. 
3. A turn round some place; a going round 
from place to place; a continued ramble or ex- 
cursion ; a short journey: as, a wedding tour. 
I must take a tmtr among the shops. 
Vantrugh, Confederacy, U. 1. 
Those who would make a curious journey, . . . might 
make a tour which I believe has not been done by any trav- 
ellers, and that is to go along the eastern coast to Tarento. 
Poaxke, Description of the East, II. ii. 307, note. 
In a subsequent tour of observation, I encountered an- 
other of these relics of a " foregone world " locked up in 
the heart of the city. Irving, Skctch-Book, p. 291. 
Bacon, however, made a tnur through several provinces, 
and appears to have passed some time at Poitiers. 
Maeaulay, Lord Bacon. 
4f. A turn, drive, or carriage promenade in a 
park or other place of fashionable resort for 
driving. 
The sweetness of the Park is at Eleven, when the Beau- 
Monde make their Tour there. 
Mr*. Centlim-e, The Basset Table, I. 1. 
Lnclnda tells Sir Toby Doubtful: "You'll at least keen 
Six Horses, Sir Toby, for I wou'd not make a Tour in H fgn 
Park with less for the World : for me thinks a pair looks 
like a Hackney." 
./. Aht'>i'. Social Life In Reign of Queen Anne, II. 173. 
5f. A fashionable drive, or resort for driving, 
as that in Hyde Park, London. 
tourmalin-granite 
Took up my wife and lii-b . mid to the 1'nrk, where, be- 
ing in a hackney, and they undressed, wss ashamed to go 
int.. the tour. Pepyi. Wary, March 31, HW8. 
6t. Turn; cast; drift. (Hare.] 
The whole tour of the passsge Is this : a man given to 
Mipi-i-tiiioii can have no security, day or night, waking 
or sleeping. Bentley. Free thinking, 1 18. 
Knight's tour. See Imigkt. The grand tour, a jour 
ney through France and Switzerland to Italy, etc., for- 
merly considered essential for British young men of good 
family, as the finishing part of their education, gyn. 3. 
Trip, Excurriun, etc. See journey. 
tour- i tor). s. [< linn*, n.} I. intrant. It. To 
turn. 
Each hundred you take here is ss good as two or three 
hundred In New found Land : so that halfe the labour in 
hooking, splitting, and touring is saued. 
Capt. John fimith, Works, II. 188. 
2. To make a tour; travel about. 
He was touring about as usual, for he was as restless as 
a hyena. De yuincry, Murder as One of the Fine Arts. 
It Is like saying that a New Zealander touring In the 
British Isles sees that we are an aboriginal population. 
A. Bain, Emotions and Will, p. 617. 
II. trini/t. To miiko a tour or circuit of: as, 
to tnur an island. [Rare.] 
Touraco (ttt'ra-ko), . [ML. (Lac^pede, 1801).] 
Same as Tlll'ilCUt. 
touracou, tourakoo (to'ra-kii), n. Same as 
titt'tttcoo. 
tourbillion (tor-liil'von), . [< F. tourbillon, a 
whirlwind, ( L. turbo (turbin-), whirlwind: see 
tnrl>ine.~\ An ornamental firework which turns 
round when in the air so as to present the ap- 
pearance of a scroll or a spiral column of fire. 
tour de force (tor d6 fors). [F. : tour, turn, 
act, feat; de, of; force, force, power.] A feat 
of strength, power, or skill. 
The execution of the best artists Is always a splendid 
tour-de-Jorce, and much that in painting is supposed to be 
dependent on material Is indeed only a lovely and quite 
inimitable legerdemain. JttuHn, Lectures on Art, 1 13. 
tOUT de maltre (tdr de ma'tr). [F.: tour, turn, 
act, feat; de, of; mattre, master.] In surg., a 
method of introducing a catheter into the male 
bladder, formerly in vogue, but now generally 
abandoned as dangerous. 
tourelle (t-rel') ( n. [F., dim. of tour, tower: 
see toirer 1 , turret.] In arrlneol., a turret. 
tourettet (tij-ref), n. Same as toret. 
tourism (tor'izm), H. [< tour? + -ii.] Trav- 
eling for pleasure. [Kare.] 
There never have been such things as tours in Crete, 
which are mere tourimn and nothing else. 
Lord Strangford, Letters and Papers, p. 98. (Dariei.) 
tourist (tor'ist), H. [< F. touriste; as tor2 + 
-tt.] One who makes a tour; one who makes 
a journey for pleasure, stopping at a number 
of places for the purpose of seeing the sights, 
scenery, etc. 
touristic (tij-ris'tik), n. [< tourist + -ic.] Of 
or pertaining to tourists. [Bare.] 
Curiously enough, there Is no such thing as a record of 
touristic journeying in Crete. 
Lord Stranaford, Letters and Papers, p. 98. (Datien.) 
tourmalin, tourmaline (tdr'ma-lin), . [Also 
turmalin, turninline; < F. tourmaline = 8p. tur- 
malina = It. turmalina, tirrmalina (NL. turmali- 
na, turmalinus) ; said to be < tournamal, a name 
given to this stone in Cerlon.] A mineral, crys- 
tallizing in the rhombohedral system, often" in 
the form of a three-, six-, or nine-sided prism 
terminated by three faces of an obtuse rhombo- 
hedron. It often exhibits hemlmorphlsm, the oppo- 
site extremities of a prismatic crystal snowing an unlike 
development of planes. Its fracture Is uneven or con- 
choldal; its hardness isalittlegreaterthan that of quartz. 
In composition tourmalin consists principally of a boro- 
silfcate of aluminium and magnesium, but contains fre- 
quently Iron, lithium, and other elements. Some varie- 
ties are transparent, some translucent, some opaque. Some 
are colorless, and others green, brown, red, blue, and black, 
the last being the most common. Not infrequently the 
color varies In different, parts of the crystal: thus, there 
may be a green exterior part about a red nucleus, or a 
crystal may be red at one end and green at the other, etc. 
Achroite is a colorless variety from Elba : rubellite Is a 
pink or red variety containing lithium ; indicolite is a blue 
or bluish-black variety ; aphrizite is a black variety from 
Norway. Common black tourmalin is often called rchorl 
The transparent red, green, blue, and yellow varieties are 
used In jewelry : here belong the Brazilian sapphire, the 
Brazilian emerald, etc. Tourmalin occurs most common- 
ly In granite, gneiss, and mica-schist. It is found In Eng- 
land, Scotland, Sweden. America, Spain, Siberia, and else- 
where. Sections cut from prisms of tourmalin are much 
used in polarizing apparatus. (See polarixcope.) It ex- 
hibits marked pyro-electrfc phenomena, which are con- 
nected with Its hemiinorphic crystalline structure. See 
uyrixlettrieity. Tourmalin plates. Same as (<mrma- 
lin tiiniju. See jiolarueope . Tourmalin tongs. See po- 
laritcope. 
tourmalin-granite (tor'iiia-lin-gran'it), H. A 
variety of granite containing, in addition to the 
usual ingredients, tourmalin, and more 
other 
