tralucency 
tralucencyt (tra-lu'seu-si), u. [< tmluccn(t) + 
-<//.] Translncenoy. Sir T. Brot0*e,Vnlg. En:, 
ii. 1. 
tralucentt (tra-lu'sent), . [= It. trattteente, < 
L. tralucen(t-)s, ppr. of tralucere, translucere, 
shine through : see translucent.] Transparent; 
translucent. 
And fair trahmnt stones, that over all 
It did reflect. Peele, Honour of the Garter. 
tram 1 (tram), H. [< OS\v. "tram, tr&m, Irmii, 
a log, stock of a tree, Sw. dial, tromni, triiiaui, 
truiiim, a stump, the end of a log, also a kind of 
sled, = Norw. tram, tront, triinim, edge, brim, 
tram, a step, door-step, = Dan. dial, trout, end, 
stump, = Icel. thromr (thram-), edge, brim, = 
MD. di-om, a beam, balk, = MLG. frame, a cross- 
piece, a round of a ladder, a step of a chair, 
LG. traam (< G. or Scancl.), a beam, balk, han- 
dle of a wheelbarrow or sled, = OHG. dram, 
tram, beam, balk (> MHG. clrdmen, supply with 
beams or props), G. tram, a beam; forms in 
gradation, or in part identical, with ME. thrum 
= MD. drom, the end of a weaver's thread, 
thrum, = OHG. drum, dhrtim, MHG. drum, G. 
tritium, thmm, end, stump of a tree; akin to 
L. terminus, end, Gr. rtp/ja, end: see thrum 1 
and term. Cf. OF. trameau, a sled, or dray 
without wheels. The senses and forms are 
involved, but the development seems to have 
been, 'end, fragment, stump, log, pole (shaft, 
handle), bar, beam, rail.' The E. word in the 
sense 'rail' seems to have been applied to a 
rail or plank in a tram-road or plank road, 
thence to the lines of rails or planks, and thence 
to the road itself. In the sense of 'car' or 
'tram-car' it is prob. short for tram-car, but 
tram as a ' mine-car ' (def . 6) may represent the 
Sw. word in the sense ' a kind of sled.'] 1. A 
beam or bar : as, gallows trams. [Scotch.] 2. 
The shaft of a cart, wheelbarrow, or vehicle of 
any kind. [Scotch.] 3f. A plank road. 
To the amendinge of the highwaye or train, frome the 
weste ende of Bridgegait, in Barnard Castle, 20. 
Will of Ambrose Middleton, Aug. 4, 1555 (Surtee-s Soc. 
[Publ., XXXVIII. 37, note). 
4. One of the two parallel lines of rails which 
form a tramway. 
Laying his tram in a poison'd gloom. 
Tennyson, Maud, x. 
5. A tramway. [Great Britain.] 6. A four- 
wheeled car or wagon used in coal-mines, espe- 
cially in the north of England, for conveying 
the coals from the working-places to the pit- 
bottom, or from the pit-mouth to the place of 
shipment. The words tram, corf, box, tub, and skip are 
all in use in English collieries to designate some kind of a 
box-like receptacle, vehicle, or car by which coal is trans- 
ported, either above or beneath the surface. 
7. Same as tram-car. [Great Britain.] 
Lord Rosebery in his midnight address to the tram ser- 
vants. Nineteenth Century, XXVI. 723. 
8. In a grinding-mill, position perpendicular 
to the face of the bedstone : said of a spindle. 
See tramming. 
tram 1 (tram), v.; pret. and pp. trammed, ppr. 
tramming. [< tram 1 , n.] I. trans. To move 
or transport on a tramway. 
An empty kibble is placed upon the trolley and trammed 
back along the level, where it is again loaded from a shoot 
(mill, pass) or by the shoveL Encyc. Brit. , XVI. 455. 
II. intratis. To operate a tram ; also, to travel 
by tram. Elect. Rev. (Amer.), XVI. xvi. 2. 
tram 2 t (tram), n. [ME. tramme, traimme ; ori- 
gin obscure.] A machine ; a contrivance. 
tram 3 (tram), n. [Cf. trantf and trammel.] A 
device, resembling a trammel, used for shaping 
oval molds, etc. 
tram 4 (tram), n. [= G. Dan. frame, < F. frame, 
tram, weft, < It. trama, woof, weft, < L. trama, 
weft.] A kind of double silk thread, in which 
two or more strands or singles are twisted to- 
gether in a direction contrary to the twist of the 
singles, used for the weft or cross-threads of 
gros-de-Naples velvets, flowered silks, and the 
best varieties of silk goods. Also called shute. 
trama (tra'ma), n. [NL., < L. trama, weft.] 
In hot., the hyphal tissue which lies in the mid- 
dle of the lamella on the pileus in hymenomy- 
cetous fungi. Also called dissepiment, and in- 
tralamellar tissue. 
tramal (tra'mal), a. [< trama + -al.] Pertain- 
ing to or consisting of trama: as, tramal tissue. 
tram-car (tram'kar), . [< tram*-, 5, + carl.] 
1. A car used on a tramway ; a tramway-car ; 
a horse-car on a street-railway. Also called 
tram. [Great Britain.] 2. A car used in coal- 
mines: same as tram 1 , 6. 
6424 
Trametes (tra-me'tez), H. [NL. (Fries, 1836), 
< L. trama, weft: see trama.] A genus of po- 
lyporoid fungi, having the pores subrotund, 
obtuse, entire, often unequal in depth, and 
sunk in the surface of the pileus. The species 
grow on decaying wood. 
trametoid (tram'e-toid), a. [< Trametes + -oid.] 
In hot., of or pertaining to the genus Trametes. 
tram-line (tram'lin), H. [< tram 1 + linpV.] A 
tramway. [Great Britain.] 
The problem of the commercial success of electrical pro- 
pulsion on tramlines has been solved. 
Elect. Rev. (Eng.), XXIV. 67. 
trammel (tram'el), 11. [Early mod. E. also 
tramel, tramell ; < ME. tramayle, < OF. tramail, 
F. tramail, more commonly tremail, also tramel, 
tramcan = Sp. trasmallo = Pg. trasmallio, a 
net (cf. Pg. trambolho, a clog or trammel for a 
horse), = It. tramur/Uo, dial, tramagio, trimaj, 
tremagg, a fish-net, bird-net, < ML. tramacu/a, 
tramagula, also tremaculum, tremacle, tremale, 
trimacle, a fish-net, bird-net, trammel (the forms 
are confused, indicating uncertainty as to the 
etymology); prob. orig. ML. *trimacitla, lit. a 
' three-mesh ' net, i. e. a net of three layers (dif- 
fering in size of meshes), < L. tres (M-), three, 
+ macula, a mesh: see mail 1 , macula. In defs. 
5, 6, 7 the sense suggests a connection with 
tram 1 , a bar or beam, but they are appar. par- 
ticular uses of trammel in the sense of ' shackle.' 
Cf. tramS.] 1. A net for fishing ; a trawl-net or 
trawl ; a drag-net. See trammel-net. 
Nay, Cupid, pitch thy trammel where thou please, 
Thou canst not fail to take such fish as these. 
(juarles, Emblems, ii. 3., Epig. 
2f. A net for binding up or confining the hair. 
Her golden lockes she roundly did nptye 
In breaded tramels. Spenser, F. Q., II. ii. 15. 
3. A shackle; specifically, a kind of shackle 
used for regulating the motions of a horse, and 
making him amble. 4. Whatever hinders ac- 
tivity, freedom, or progress ; an impediment. 
Prose ... is loose, easy, and free from trammels. 
Goldsmith, Pref. to Poetical Diet. 
It is impossible not to be struck with his [William IV. 's] 
extreme good-nature and simplicity, which he cannot or 
will not exchange for the dignity oi his new situation and 
the trammels of etiquette. 
GrevUle, Memoirs, July 24, 1830. 
5. An implement hung in a fireplace to support 
pots and other culinary vessels. Trammels are 
hung from the back-bar or from a crane ; they are often 
so constructed in two parts that they can be lengthened 
and shortened. 
Our own warm hearth seemed blazing free, 
The crane and pendent trammels showed, 
The Turks' heads on the andirons glowed. 
Whtttier, Snow-Bound. 
6. An instrument for drawing ellipses, used by 
joiners and other artificers; an ellipsograph. 
One part consists of 
a cross with two 
grooves at right an- 
gles; the other is a 
beam-compass which 
carries the describing 
pencil, and is guided 
by two pins which 
slide in the grooves. 
7. A beam-corn- Trammel, 6. 
pass. 
trammel (tram'el), t>. t. ; pret. and pp. tram- 
meled, trammelled, ppr. trammeling, trammelling. 
[< trammel, n.] 1. To catch as in a net; make 
captive ; restrain. [Obsolete or archaic.] 
If the assassination 
Could trammel up the consequence, and catch 
With his surcease success, . . . 
We 'd jump the life to come. Shak., Macbeth, i. 7. 3. 
While I am striving . . . 
How to entangle, trammel up, and snare 
Your soul in mine. Keats, Lamia, ii. 
2. To shackle; confine; hamper. 
Mardonius would never have persuaded me, had dreams 
and visions been less constant and less urgent. What 
pious man ought to resist them? Nevertheless, I am still 
surrounded and trammelled by perplexities. 
Landor, Imag. Conv., Xerxes and Artabanus. 
3. To train slavishly ; inure to conformity or 
obedience. [Rare.] 
Hackneyed and trammelled in the ways of a court. 
Pope, To Gay, Oct. 16, 1727. 
trammeled, trammelled (tram'eld), p. a. l. 
Caught; confined; shackled; hampered. 2. 
Having blazes or white marks on the fore foot 
and hind foot of one side, as if marked by 
trammels: said of a horse. Cross-trammeled, 
having a white fore foot on one side and a white hind foot 
on the other, as a horse. 
trammeler, trammeller (tram'el-er), . [< 
trammel + -er 1 .] 1. One who or that which 
tramp 
trammels or restrains. 2. One who uses a 
trammel-net. 
The net is love's, right worthily supported ; 
Bacchus one end, the other Ceres guideth; 
Like trammellers this god and goddess sported 
To take each foule that in their walkes abideth. 
An Old-fashioned Love (1594). (Imp. Diet.) 
trammelett (tram'el-et), . [< trammel + -et.] 
A snare. 
Or like Aurora when with pearl she sets 
Her long discheveld rose-crowned trammelete. 
Witts Recreations (1654). (Xares.) 
trammelled, trammeller. See trammeled, 
trammel-net (tram'el-net), n. A sort of drag- 
net for taking fish. It now usually consists of three 
seines of similar form fastened together at their edges. 
The inner net is very loose and full, and of fine thread 
and small mesh. The two outer ones have a mesh from 
3 to (i inches long, and of coarser thread. The fish pass 
readily through the outer seines and strike the inner net, 
which is thus pocketed through one of the large meshes, 
the fullness of the inner net 
readily permitting this pro- 
trusion. The fish are thus 
held in a kind of pocket. 
trammel-wheel (tram'- 
el-hwel), n. A mechan- 
ical device for convert- 
ing a reciprocating into 
a circular motion. It con- 
sists of a wheel having on 
one side four slots, like a 
trammel, in which move two 
blocks placed on an arm con- Trammel-wheel with six slots, 
nected with a piston-rod. The 
blocks slide in the grooves of the wheel, and cause it to 
make two revolutions to one stroke of the rod. Another 
form consists of a wheel with six slots, and a smaller wheel 
with three arms which travel in the slots. Also called 
slosh-wheel. E. H. Knight. 
trammer (tram'er), H. [< tram 1 + -er 1 .] In 
coal-mining, a putter or drawer. See jmtter 1 , 2. 
tramming (tram'ing), n. [< tram 1 + -ing 1 .] 
The operation of adjusting the spindle of a 
millstone to bring it exactly perpendicular with 
the face of the bedstone. When so adjusted 
it is said to be in tram ; when inclined to the 
face it is out of tram. 
tramontana (tra-mon-ta'na), n. [It. : see tra- 
montane.] The north wind : commonly so called 
in the Mediterranean. The name is also given 
to a peculiar cold and blighting wind, verynurt- 
ful in the Archipelago. 
tramontane (tra-mon'tan or tra-mon-tan'), a. 
and .. [I. a. Formerly also tramoitntain, q. v.; 
< OF. tramontain = Sp. Pg. tramontano,< It. tra- 
montano, beyond the mountains, < L. transmon- 
tttnns, beyond the mountains, < trans, beyond, 
+ mon(t-)s, mountain: see mount 1 , mountain. 
Cf. ultramontane. II. n. < OF. (and F.) tramon- 
tane = Pr. trasmontana, tramontana, tremonta- 
na, the polar star, also the north wind, = Sp. Pg. 
It. tramontana,<.Li. transmontana (sc. stella), the 
polar star, thus named in Provence and in the 
north of Italy, because it is there visible beyond 
the Alps.] I. a. 1. Being or situated beyond 
the mountains that is, the Alps: originally 
used by the Italians; hence, foreign; barba- 
rous: then applied to the Italians as being be- 
yond the mountains from Germany, France, etc. 
See ultramontane. 
A dream ; in days like these 
Impossible, when Virtue is so scarce 
That to suppose a scene where she presides 
Is tramontane, and stumbles all belief. 
Cowper, Task, iv. 638. 
2. Coming from the other side of the moun- 
tains: as, tramontane wind. Addison, Remarks 
on Italy (Works, ed. Bohn, I. 367). 
II. n. 1 . One who lives beyond the moun- 
tains; henee, a stranger; a barbarian. See I. 
A happiness 
Those tramontanes ne'er tasted. 
Maseinger, Great Duke of Florence, ii. 2. 
Hush! I hear Captain Cape's voice the hideous tra- 
montane I A. Murphy, Old Maid, iii. I. 
2. The north wind. See tramontana. 
tramosericeous (tram"o-se-rish'ius), a. [< L. 
trama, weft (see Craw 4 ), +'LL. sericeus, silken : 
see sericeous.] In entom., having a luster re- 
sembling that of satin, as the elytra of certain 
beetles. 
tramoso (trii-mo'zo), w. See lupine*. 
tramountaint, . and H. [< ME. tramouiitaine, < 
OF. tramontane, the polar star, the north wind: 
see tramontane.] I. a. Same as tramontane. 
Fuller, Worthies, II. 49. 
II. M. The pole-star. 
I (Lucifer) schal telde vp my trone in the tra mountayne. 
Alliterative Poems (ed. Morris), ii. 211. 
tramp (tramp), r. [< ME. tratupcn = MLG. LG. 
tniiitpen (MHG. freq. trampeln. >G. trampeln) = 
