travertin 
in Italy, tmd is extensively f|unrriod for use' in 
building. It is a soft, porous straw-colored rock, easily 
u i nii-h! \\ In ii frrslilv i|iian i- .1 nnl :il! i ! v\ ml hardening, 
:ill'l <-i-millK. IMIikT tin- rlilnatr of Ital} . tn I" \ ' I , 
hie. Thi'fXterior Willis of the Coli i-ni-mu :unl "I M i 
.in luiilt of this matt-! i.i! 
ClarkmillL: hi III. ilaih ' anilli- -Mink.' 
Tlu-y niiil'iiT on tllir ilainp uall 
/,V. ;mi.'/, I'ii-lor lunotllH. 
travesst, Same as Irrrix. 
travestt, ' ' [In pp. inn -mini; < F. iraees- 
lir, pp. Iriin-sli, disguise, travesty, lit. cause a 
eliari";e in clothing, < 1'. trims, over, + ri'stiri 1 () 
())'. /(.,///, !'. /('///), elot he: see n.it. r.\ To dis- 
guise; travesty, [Rare.] 
Tnir 1 in a|i|iaivl |iltvsi'it ill till! liahlt of a 
llillVrcnt M'X, I'll. ITlKi], llisj-'llisril. B. Phillips, 1878. 
travesty (tmv'es-ti ). <*. [ < OK. tmn-sti, pp. of 
ii-in-i-sli r, disguise : see irui-rxli/. r.] Disguised ; 
burlesqued. 
Sr;u r'liuhli's : i.r Virgil 7V I'ctf ic, being the first book of 
\hnilV i:n. 'is In Idmlish I'.m Icsque ; London, 1804. By 
Chiirlcs Cotton. [Till, 
travesty (trav'es-ti), v. t. ; pret. and pp. traver- 
tin/, ppr. iriirtx/i/iiiii. [< travesty, a.; cf. tra- 
vext.~\ If. To disguise by a change of vesture. 
Aristophanes, In the beginning of his comedy called 
the Knights, . . . introduces the two generals, Demosthe- 
nes and Nlcias, travestied into Valuta, and complalnitiK of 
their master. Dr. llurnry, Hist. Music, I. SDi (Jodrell.) 
2. In lit., to give such a literary treatment or 
getting to (a serious production) as to render 
it ridiculous or ludicrous ; hence, by extension, 
to burlesque ; imitate so as to render absurd or 
grotesque. See travesty, it. 
Indeed, uncle, if I were as you, I would not have the 
grave Spanish habit so travestied ; I shall disgrace It, ... 
I vow and swear. 
It '.</./ ;/'//, Gentleman Dancing-Master, Iv. 1. 
travesty (trav'es-ti), . ; pi. travesties (-tiz). 
[< travesty, v.} In lit., a burlesque treatment 
or setting of a subject which had originally been 
handled in a serious manner; hence, by exten- 
sion, any burlesque or ludicrous imitation, 
whether intentional or not ; a grotesque or ab- 
surd resemblance. Travesty Is in strict use to be dis- 
tinguished from parody: in the latter the subject-matter 
and characters are changed, and the language and style 
of the original are humorously Imitated ; in travesty the 
characters and the subject-matter remain substantially 
the same, the language becoming absurd or grotesque. 
The extreme popularity of Montemayor's "Diana" not 
only caused many imitations to be made of it, ... but 
was the occasion of a curious travesty of it for religious 
purposes. Ticknor, Span. Lit., III. 84. 
He was driven to nnd food for his appetite for the mar- 
vellous in fantastic horrors and violent travesties ot human 
passion. E. Dowden, Shelley, I. 95. 
One of the best of the many amusing travesties of Car- 
lyle's style, a travesty which may be found in Marmaduke 
Savage's "Falcon Family," where one of the "Young Ire- 
land ' party praises another for having "a deep no-mean- 
ing in the great tlery heart of him." 
R. H. llutton, Modern Guides, p. 17. 
= Syn. Burle-smtf, Parody, etc. See caricature. 
travis (trav is), n. Same as trevis. 
travels, n. Same as traraift. 
The Indian travoit, which is a sledge of two long poles, 
the anterior ends of which are harnessed to the horse or 
pony, and the rear ends allowed to drag upon the ground. 
ScrUmer's Mag., VI. 613. 
trawl (tral), t'. [< OF. trauler, trollfr, troler, 
F. troler, drag about, stroll about, > E. troll: 
see froJP.] I. trans. 1. To drag, as a trawl- 
net. 
The net is traided behind and about the herd so as to 
drive them into the fiord and keep them there. 
Fisheries of V. S., V. II. SOB. 
2. To catch or take with a trawl-net. 
A specimen of Triassic conglomerate, trawled seven miles 
south of the Dcadnian headland, ... Is described. 
PhUos. Mag., 5th ser., XXX. 199. 
II, intraits. To use a trawl -line or trawl-net; 
fish with a trawl. =Syn. Trawl, Troll. These worts 
and their derivatives are Interchangeable In one sense, 
and not in another. Both are used of surface-fishing, in 
which the line is trailed along the surface after a boat : 
troll is more frequent than trawl in literary use. Trawl 
alone is used of bottom-fishing with a set-line. 
trawl (tral), n. [< trawl, r.] 1. A buoyed line, 
often of great length, to which short lines witli 
baited hooks are attached at suitable intervals; 
a trawl-line. Each section or single length of a trawl 
is a skate. In England a single trawl Is usually forty 
fathoms in length, with twenty-six hooks attached by 
snoods. As many of these lines are united as it is 
1 lionu'lit expedient to join, and are shot across the tide as 
the vessel sails along, so that the snoods may hang clear. 
There are usually anchors near the ends at Intervals of 
forty fathoms, to keep the line in position, as well as 
buoys to float it. The trawl used in America consists 
of a long line from forty fathoms to several miles jn 
length, which i? am-li Tr<i at rarh fiul tothe bottom, the 
position of the t-nds being shown by buoys; lines about 
2 to 6 feet long, with a hook at the end, are attached at in- 
tervals of about 3J to 15 feet. In some cases the hooks 
6447 
on a single line number as many as five thousand ; on 
lln , Hi i MI Maim- ami \l,i- --,. !MI >!! - thr usual mini 
fnitn four huil'lri"! to thn . t!inil-;uiil. Hail of 
thr |.i"pi r Mud i* placed upon the lunik*, and the lines 
nre allowed to remain 'town through a part of a tiilf. 
If set at half-tide, they arc sometimes overhauled at In- 
tervals of half an hour or an hour. When taking them up 
fur i \aminati. .n, the fisherman, Iteglnnlngat one end close 
to tin- Ininy, lifts the main line to the surface and carries 
ii .,!.. ni: over (.in- side of the boat, which it hauled 
along unil.T the line toward the other end. The fish 
found up'.n the hooks are dropped Into the boat by the 
man who pulls up the line, while a companion, as the line 
passes over the boat, puts new bait. If necessary, upon the 
nooks and drops them again Into the water. The princi- 
pal Itsh taken In this way on the United States coast are 
the cod, hake, haddock, and skate. It is also called trot- 
line, and In Great Britain Is known at long-line, tpillan, 
spOlar, ipiUer, ipOliard, or bultmr ; the last Is also the 
Canadian name. 
2. A large bag-net, with a wide mouth held 
open by a frame or other contrivance, and often 
having net wings on each side of the mouth, de- 
signed to be dragged along the bottom by a boat. 
A Wain about 14 feet long, made of stout Iron gat-pipe, hat 
Atted to It a net about 40 feet deep, flue toward the end 
and provided with numerous pockets, for the capture of 
bottom-fishes, as well as crabs, lobsters, etc. It cannot 
be used where the bottom Is rocky or rough. In Great 
Krltaln the trawl-net Is a large triangular purse-shaj>ed 
net, usually about 70 feet long, about 40 feet broad at the 
mouth, diminishing to 4 or 6 at the cod, which forms the 
extremity furthest from the boat, and is about 10 feet long, 
and of nearly uniform breadth. The mouth Is kept ex- 
tended by a wooden beam. The net is furnished with two 
interior pockets, one on each side, for securing the fish 
turning back from the cod. Trawl-nets In various forms 
are alto uaed for submarine exploration in deep water. 
It is very desirable that the name Irani should be re- 
stricted to this net [flattened bag- net. of ten 100 feet long). 
Eiicyc. Brit., IX. 246. 
Beam-trawl, a large net bag with a long beam across Its 
open mouth, which Is kept about 2 or 3 feet from the bot- 
tom by an Iron framework at each end of the beam. As 
It Is dragged along by the fishing-boat the fish pass into 
the net, and are caught In the pockets at the sides. 
Runner of a trawl, that part of a trawl which stretches 
along the bottom, and to which the shorter lines with the 
hooks are attached. To set a trawl, to put a trawl in 
working order. To strip a trawl, to remove the hooks 
from the runner. To throw the trawl, to set a trawl. 
trawl-anchor (tral'ang'kor), n. A small an- 
chor used on trawl-lines. 
trawl-beam (tral'betn), . The beam by means 
of which the mouth of a trawl-net is held open, 
usually about 40 or 50 feet long. See trawl, 2. 
trawl-boat (tral'bot), n. A small boat used to 
set or tend the trawl-line or trawl-net. 
trawler (tra'ler),i. [<tra! + -ri.] 1. One 
who trawls, or fishes with a trawl-line or trawl- 
net. 2. A vessel engaged in trawling. Trawl- 
ers for cod average about seventy tons burden. 
Gentleman Jan himself, the rightful bully of the quay, 
. . . owning a tidy traveler and two good mackerel-boats. 
Kingsley, Two Years Ago, II. 
trawler-man (tra'ler-man), n. One who takes 
fish with a trawl ; a trawler. 
Trawler-Men, a sort of Fisher-Men that ns'd unlawful 
Arts and Engines, to destroy the Fish upon the River 
Thames; among whom some were styl'd Hebber-men, oth- 
ers Tincker-men, Peter-men, Ac. E. PhUlipt, 1708. 
trawl-fish (tral'fish), n. See./w*i. 
trawl-fisherman (tral'fish'er-man), w. A 
trawler. 
trawl-head (tral'hed), n. One of two upright 
iron frames at the ends of a trawl-beam. [Eng. ] 
trawling (tral'ing), . [Verbal n. of trawl, v.] 
A mode of fishing, (a) Same as trolling: as, trairling 
for blueflsh with a spoon trailed after a sailing-boat. (A) 
In the United States and Canada, the use of the trawl or 
trawj-line in fishing : the act of fishing with such a trawl. 
(c)In Great Britain, the use of thetrawlortrawl.net; the 
act or occupation of fishing with such a trawl. It is the 
mode chiefly adopted in deep-sea fishing, and by it most 
of the Ash for the London market are taken, with the ex- 
ception of herring and mackerel. Cod, whiting, and other 
white fish are taken by it in large numbers, and some 
kinds of flatfish, as soles, can scarcely be taken In any 
other way. Trawling can be practised only on a smooth 
bottom, as a rough bottom would destroy the net. The 
term Is often incorrectly applied in Scotland to a mode of 
catching herrings by fishing with the seine. Also called 
trailing. 
"lieam-trairling" . . . consists In towing, trailing, or 
trawjing a flattened bag-net, often 100 feet long, over the 
bottom in such a manner at to catch those flah especially 
which naturally keep close to or upon the ground. 
Eneyc. Brit., IX. 246. 
trawl-keg (tral'keg), H. A keg used to buoy a 
trawl-line, or to mark its position, as by means 
of a flag. 
trawl-line (tral'lin), n. Same as tratcl, 1. 
trawl-net (tral'net), n. Same as trawl, 2. 
trawl-roller (tral'ro'lfcr), w. The roller used 
on a dory in hauling the trawl. [New Eng.] 
trawl-warp (tral'w&rp), n. The warp or rope 
of a trawl-net, by means of which it is dragged. 
trawn (tran), H. The name given in the dis- 
trict of St. Ives, Cornwall, to what is called in 
other parts of that mining region a cross-course. 
tre 
tray 1 llrii), . I \'.r\\ mn.l. r'.. :t\*<> In : ' MK. 
tl'iili.'. AS. /(/(/ ulii"ei| li\ I., ilh-inlilili), t rilV I 
eolllleetii.il with Irnlli/li i- ilnlllitf III. ) 1. A 
troi|o;li, <i|M-n box, or similar ve-sel 11-.. ,| for ilif- 
ferenl il ..... e-tie and industrial purposes. Spe- 
eifieiilly 2. A flat shallow vessel or utensil 
with slightly rained edges, employed for hold- 
ing bread, dishes, gins-ware, silver, ennU. 
iiml for other liou-..0iol.| uses. Tniy an; madi- in 
many shapes of wood, metal, paplcr-mache, etc., and have 
various names according to their use, as tan-tray, bread- 
fray, silver-tray, etc. Thin trays of veneers are also used 
to pack butter, lard, and lii-M male rials for trant|mrt In 
small quantities. The tray differs from the salver out; in 
stie. Trays are used also In mining, as a waahlng-lray, a 
picking-troy. 
Various priestly servants, all without sboea, came 111, 
one of them bearing a richly embotted silver (ray, on 
which were disposed small apoons filled with a preserve 
of lemon-peel. It. Cvmm, Monast. In the Levant, p. 188. 
3. A wide shallow coverless box of wood or 
cardboard, used in museums for packing and 
displaying specimens of natural history. Trays 
for small mammals, birds, etc., are usually from 1 to S 
feet long, half as wide, and from 1 to .S Inches deep ; they 
are set in tiers, often in drawer* of cabinets, or form such 
drawers. Trays for eggs are usually of light cardboard, 
from 1 by 2 to 4 by 8 Indies wide and very shallow, fitted 
In a single layer In larger wooden trays or cabinet-drawers. 
The drawers or frames for holding eggs In an Incubator 
are usually called trays. These are generally Bki'lrtxn 
frames of wood, with bottom* of wire netting, and trans- 
verse wooden cleats fixed at Intervals corresjiondlng to 
the diameter of an egg, to prevent the eggs from rolling off. 
4. A shallow and usually rectangular dish or 
pan of crockery ware, gutta-percha, papier- 
niaehe, metal, or other material, used in mu- 
seums for holding wet (alcoholic) specimens 
when these are overhauled for study, etc. 
Similar trays are used for ova in fish-culture, 
for many chemical operations, in photography, 
etc. 5t. A hod. 
A treie, or such hollowe vessel . . . that laborers carrie 
morter In to seme tilers or plasterers. Baret, 1S80. 
6. A hurdle. [Prov. Eng.] 
I have heard or read of these "wicker hurdles" being 
called trays, but I do not now recollect In what district. 
I do, however, remember the phrase " the sheep showed 
well in the tray*," which was explained to mean the small 
square pens of hurdles into which, at auctions or lambing 
time, small lots of sheep are separated. 
The field, Jan. 23, 1886. (Kncyc. Diet) 
tray'-'t, . L< ME- ' r "tf <? . treie, tregc, < AS. treaa, 
vexation, annoyance, = OS. trego = Icel. treyi, 
grief, woe, = Goth. fViV/o, grief, sorrow ; cf. 
tray'*, r.] Trouble; annoyance; anger. 
Yone es the waye, with tene and traye. 
Whare synfull saulls suftlris thare payne. 
Thomas of Enteldoune (Child's Ballads, 1. 104). 
Half In tray and teen, half In anger, half In sorrow. 
Forth then stert Lytel Johan, 
Hal/ in tray and tene. 
Lytell Oette of Robyn llode (Child's Ballads. V. 81). 
tray-t, r. [< ME. traycn, traien, tregen,< AS. tre- 
ffian (= OS. tregtin = Icel. trega), grieve, afflict. 
Cf. tray 2 , w.] To grieve; annoy. 
Quath balaam, " for thu trfgtst me ; 
Had ic an swerd, ic sluge [would slay | the." 
Utnuu and Kxodui (E. E. T. 8.\ 1. 397.'.. 
traySf, r. t. [< ME. trayen, < OF. trair, betray, 
< L. trndere, give up, surrender: see tradition. 
Cf. traitor, treason, from the same source. Cf. 
also trtiisei .] To betray. 
I.", Demophon, duk of Athenis, 
How he forswor him ful falsly, 
And frayed Phillis wlkkedly. 
Chaucer, House of Fame, L 390. 
tray't (Ira), . [ME. traye; <trayS,r.] Deceit; 
stratagem. 
Oure knyghtis thai are furth wente 
To take hym with a traye. York Plays, p. 256. 
tray 4 (tra), n. [Another spelling of trey.'} 1. 
Same as trey. 2. The third branch, snag, or 
point of a deer's antler. 
With brow, bay, tray, and crockets complete. W. Blatk. 
tray-cloth (tra'kloth), . A piece of cloth. 
usually of linen damask, used to cover a tray 
upon which dishes of food are carried. 
trayful (tra'ful). H. [< tnii/l + -ful.] As much 
as a tray will hold. 
He hat smashed a trauM of crockery. 
The Century, XXVI. 53. 
trayst, trayset, Middle English forms of 
trace 2 . 
tray-tript (tra'trip), n. [< tray* + tripi.] An 
old game at dice, in which success probably 
depended on throwing a trey or three. 
Shall I play my freedom at tray-trip, and become tby 
bond-slave? Shale., T. X., il. 5. 807. 
Nor play with costarmongers at mumchance. tray-trip. 
B. Jonxm, Alchemist, v. 2. 
tret, An old spelling of tree. 
