tree-creeper 
in trees, (a) The true creepers. See CerthiMne. (b) 
The South American birds of the family Anabatidse or 
Denlrocolaptida. See the technical words, and cut under 
Dendrocolirptr*. 
tree-cricket (tre'krik"et), n. A cricket of the 
genus (Kcaiitlius. The snowy tree-cricket, (E. 
niveus, of a delicate greenish-white color, often 
injures the raspberry by 
laying its eggs in the young 
shoots. See (Ecanthus. 
tree-crow (tre'kro), . One 
of various corvine birds of 
China, India, etc., of a char- 
acter intermediate between 
jays and crows, and belong- 
ing to such genera as Cryp- 
sirhina, Cissa (orKitta), and 
Dendrocitta. The temia, Cryp- 
sirhina vari- 
ans, is 13 inch- 
es long, main- 
ly of a bottle- 
green color 
with black 
face and bill 
and bright- 
blue eyes. It 
inhabits the Burmese countries, Cochin-China, and Java. 
C. eueullata, of Burma and Upper Pegu, is quite different. 
There are at least 8 species of Dendrocitta. See Crypsirhi- 
na, tree-pie, and cute under sirgang and temia. Wattled 
tree-crow, a wattle-crow. See Callseatinse, Glaucopinx, 
and cut under wattle-bird. 
tree-CUckoo (tre'kuk"6), n. An arboricole 
cuckoo; especially, such an American cuckoo, 
of the genus Coccyetis or a related form, as 
the common yellow-billed (C. americamis) or 
black-billed (C. erythrophthalmus) of the United 
States. Most cuckoos are in fact arboricole ; but the 
name distinguishes those above mentioned from the Amer- 
ican ground-cuckoos, as members of the genus Qeococcyx 
and others of terrestrial habits. See cut under Coccyzw. 
tree-digger (tre'dig"er), n. An agricultural 
implement for taking up trees that have been 
planted in rows, as in nurseries. It is a form of 
double plow with a single bent cutting-share between the 
parts, and cuts through the earth at a certain distance on 
each side of the rows, and also at the required depth be- 
neath the roots. E. H. Knight. 
tree-dove (tre'duv), n. One of numerous large 
arboricole pigeons of the Indian and Austra- 
lian regions, belonging to the genus Macropy- 
Snowy Tree-cricket ((Ecanthus 
a, male, dorsal view ; 6, female, lateral view. 
See heath, 2, and 
A bird of the ge- 
Tree-dove (Macrofygia re. 
nia in a broad sense, as M. reinwardti, from 
the Moluccan and Papuan islands. This is about 
20 inches long, with a long broad tail, red feet, and ashy 
plumage va- 
ried in some 
parts with 
white, black, 
and chestnut. 
There are 24 or 
more species of 
this group. 
tree-duck 
(tre'duk), n. 
See duck? 
and Dendro- 
cygna (with 
cut). 
tree-fern 
(tre'fern), n. 
One of sev- 
eral species 
of ferns that 
attain to the 
size of trees. 
They belong 
mostly to the 
tribe Cyathese, 
and are con- 
Tree-fern (Cybothium regale}. 
6454 
fined to the tropics, where they form a striking feature of 
the landscape, sending up a straight trunk to a height of 
25 feet or more, crowned at the summit with a cluster of 
large drooping fronds. Several species are successfully 
cultivated in greenhouses. See Cyathea and /mil. 
tree-finch (tre'finch), n. Seefinchl. 
tree-fish (tre'fish), n. One of the California!! 
rock-fishes, SebasUcktkys serriceps. 
tree-fly (tre'fli), n. A dipterous insect of the 
family Xylopkagidie. 
tree-frog (tre'frog), . Any batrachian which 
lives in trees, (a) A tree-toad. (i>) More properly, a 
true frog (belonging to the family Jlanidse) of ai'boreal 
habits. There are many species, of different genera, in 
the Old World. Some have suckers on their toes and 
some have webbed hind toes. See cut under flying-frog. 
Spurred tree-frog. See spurred. 
tree-fuchsia (tre'fu/'shia), . A fuchsia trained 
in tree form. 
tree-germander (tre'jer-man"der), n. A shrub, 
Teucrixm fruticaiis, of the Mediterranean re- 
gion, also cultivated in gardens. 
tree-goldenrod (tre'gol"dn-rod), . An ama- 
rantaceous plant, Bosia Yervamora, of the Ca- 
naries, a robust ill-smelling shrub with vir- 
gate branches, bearing nearly spicate axillary 
and terminal racemes of small flowers. 
tree-goose (tre'gos), n. 1. A cirriped of the 
genus Lepas or Anatifa; a barnacle ; a goose- 
mussel. See A natifa, Lepas, and cut under bar- 
naclel, 2. 2. The barnacle-goose, Bernicla leu- 
copsis : from the old fable that they grow on 
trees from barnacles. See cut under barnacle. 
Whereas those scattered trees, which naturally partake 
The fatness of the soil (in many a slimy lake 
Their roots so deeply soak'd), send from their stocky bough 
A soft and sappy gum, from which those tree-geese grow 
Call'd barnacles by us. Drayton, Polyolbion, xxvii. 304. 
tree-hair (tre'har), n. Same as horsetail-lichen. 
tree-heath (tre'heth), . 
bruyere. 
tree-hoopoe (tre'ho"p6), . 
nus Irrisnr (which see, with 
cut). Also called icood- 
hoopoe. 
tree-hopper (tre'hop'er), 
n. Any one of a number 
of homopterpus insects 
of the families Membra- 
cidee, Tettigoniidee, and Jas- Buffalo Tree.hopper ( c. 
sidle, which frequent trees 
or arborescent plants. Cen- 
sa bubalus is the buffalo tree-hop- 
per, so called from its bison-like hump and horns. It 
punctures the twigs of various trees in oviposition, and 
injures their vitality. 
tree-houseleek (tre'hous'nek), . Same as 
houseleek-tree. 
tree-iron (tre'I"ern), n. In a vehicle: (a) A 
reinforcing piece of wrought-iron used to con- 
nect a swingletree to a doubletree or a double- 
tree to the tongue. (6) One of the hooks or clips 
by which the traces are attached to the whif- 
fletrees. E. H. Knight. 
tree-jobber (tre'job*6r), n. A woodpecker. 
[Local, Eng.] 
tree-kangaroo (tre'kang-ga-ro*'), n. An arbo- 
real kangaroo of the genus Dendrolagus. See 
cut under Dendrolagus. 
tree-lark (tre'lark), . The tree-pipit, Anthus 
trivialis. 
treeless (tre'les), a. [< tree + -less.] Destitute 
of trees: as, a treeless desert. Wordsworth, Ex- 
cursion, ii. 
treelessness (tre'les-nes), n. The state of be- 
ing treeless. St. Nicholas, XVIII. 472. 
tree-lily (tre'lil"i), n. A plant of the genus 
Vellozia. 
tree-lizard (tre'liz'Srd), . A dendrosaurian ; 
a lizard of the group Dendrosaura. 
tree-lobster (tre'loV'ster), . The tree-crab. 
tree-lotus (tre'lo'tus), n. Same as lotus-tree, 2. 
tree-louse (tre'lous), n. A plant-louse ; any 
aphid. [A dictionary word.] 
tree-lungwort (tre'lung"wert), n. A lichen, 
Sticta pulmonaria. See lungwort, 3. 
tree-lupine (tre'lu"pin), . See lupine^. 
tree-mallow (tre'mal"6), '. See Lavatera. 
tree-marbling (tre'mar // bling), n. The stain- 
ing or marbling on the edges of a book or for 
the lining of a book in imitation of the pattern 
used for a binding in tree-calf. 
tree-medic (tre'med"ik), n. Same as moon- 
trefoil. 
tree-mignonette (tre'min-yo-net"), n. See mign- 
onette. 
tree-milk (tre'milk), n. The juice of an asclepi- 
adaceous plant, Gymnema lactiferum, a stout 
climber found in Ceylon and other parts of the 
East Indies. The milk is used as an article of food 
tree-protector 
(Fallows). The name is applicable to the product of any 
of the cow- or milk-trees. 
tree-moss (tre'mos), n. 1. Any moss or lichen 
living on trees, especially a species of Vsnea. 
See necklace-moss. 2. A moss or lycopod hav- 
ing the form of a miniature tree. See tnosn 1 
and Lycopod in HI. 
tree-mouse (tre'mous), n. A mouse of the 
family Mttridse and subfamily Dendromyinse, of 
arboreal habits. 
treen't (tren), a. [< ME. treen, < AS. treowen, 
triwcn, wooden, of wood, < treo, tredw, tree, 
wood: see tree and -f' 2 .] 1. Wooden: espe- 
cially noting plates and dishes. See trencher'*. 
Wrie hem quycly with a treen rake. 
Palladim, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 140. 
Presenting of that meate to the Idoll, and then Carrie it 
to the King on a great Leafe, in a treene Platter. 
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 402. 
2. Pertaining to or derived from trees. 
A large Tract of the World almost altogether subsists 
on these Treen Liquors, especially that of the Date. 
Evelyn, Sylva, p. 73. 
treen 2 t (tren), n. An old plural of tree. 
treen 3 (tren), . [Manx: see quot.] In the 
Isle of Man, a territorial division, of uncertain 
origin and purpose, subdivided into estates 
called quarterlands. 
The number of treens are 180, and usually contain from 
three to four quarterlands. ... In the Manx language, 
the word treen is defined to be a township, dividing tithe 
into three. In this respect it corresponds with the ar- 
rangement made by Olave I., who divided tithes into three 
parts: one for the clergy, another for the bishop, and a 
third for the abbey of Rushen. 
N. and Q., 3d ser., VIII. 310. 
treenail (tre'niil, technically, in sense 1, tren'l 
or trun'l), n. . [Also corruptly trenail, trennel, 
trunnel; < tree + nail. For the corruption, cf. 
the nautical gunnel for gunwale, tops'l for top- 
sail, etc.] 1. A cylindrical pin of hard wood 
used for fastening planks or timbers in ships 
and similar constructions. Treenails are made of 
oak- and teak-wood, but the best material for them is the 
wood of the American locust, from its great durability 
and toughness and its freedom from shrinkage. 
2. In arch., same as gutta 1 , 1. 
tree-nettle (tre'nef'1), n. Same as nettle-tree, 2. 
tree-nymph (tre'nimf), . In Gr. myth., a wood- 
nymph residing in or attached to a tree, and 
existing only during its life; a hamadryad. 
The Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite tells of the tree-nymph, 
long-lived, yet not immortal. 
E. B. Tylmr, Prim. Culture (ed. 1877), II. 219. 
tree-of-sadness (tre'ov-sad'nes), n. See Nyc- 
tanthes. 
tree-of-the-SUn (tre'ov-THg-sun'), . SeeReti- 
nospora. 
tree-oil (tre'oil), n. Same as tung-oil. 
tree-onion (tre'un"yon), n. See onion. 
tree-orchis (tre'or'kis), . An orchid of the 
epiphytic genus Epidendrum. 
tree-oyster (tre'ois'ter), n. A kind of oyster, 
of the genus Dendrostrsea, which grows on the 
roots of the mangrove. 
tree-partridge (tre'par'trij), n. A partridge 
or quail of the genus Dendrortyx, of the warmer 
parts of America. See cut under Odontopho- 
rinx. 
tree-peony (tre'pe"o-ni), . See peony. 
tree-pie (tre'pi), w. A tree-crow of the genus 
Dendrocitta, of which there are eight Indian 
and Chinese species, among them D. leucogas- 
tra of southern India, type of the genus. The 
best-known is D. rttfa, the rufous crow and gray-tailed 
roller of the older writers, ranging through India, Assam, 
and the Burmese regions to Tenasserim. This is 16 inches 
long, of orange-brown and sooty-brown shades, varied with 
black and pale gray, and with blood-red his. 
tree-pigeon (tre'pij"on), . An arboricole 
pigeon ; one of many kinds inhabiting Asia, 
Africa, and Australia, belonging to the group 
Carpophaginee. See fruit-pigeon, and cuts under 
tree-dove and Treron. 
tree-pipit (tre'pip"it), n. A pipit, Anthtis triri- 
alis (or arboreus), one of the several species 
which are common in the British Islands and 
elsewhere ; a tree-lark. See pipit and Antlnts. 
tree-poke (tre'pok), n. See Phytolacca. 
tree-poppy (tre'pop"i), . See poppy. 
tree-porcupine (tre'p6r"ku-pln), . An arbo- 
real porcupine, especially a South American 
porcupine of the genus Sphingurus. See coen- 
doo, and cut under prehensile. 
tree-primrose (tre'prim // r6z), . See CEnothera. 
tree-protector (tre'pro-tek'tor), n. Any de- 
vice placed about a tree-trunk to prevent in- 
sects from crawling up the bark. It may be a cir- 
cular trough kept filled with water or other fluid, or a 
band of paper or fabric coated with tar, etc. 
