tree-pruner 
tree-pruner (tr6'pri>"ner), H. Any apparatus or 
implement Cni 1 pruning trees. In our form It con- 
Slt8 of U long |><>ll.' ill' Stiltf whereby |il II III IIK-"lli 'ill IllilV 
In- iil.ii-. il in |i--ili"ii to cut nil Kinull hrum-hi-a which 
("iiin.it in i. -idle. I by the hands while the. ipcmloi- i 
inn <ni Ilic- ground, and an iron shaft turning In bearing! 
iiltiii-li.-d t" tin' |Kile, -crew llin-i.le.l :il lln- upper cnil. 
and having Illc threaded liiirt tit It-. I into :i mil n.-lt-il In 
a lazy-iongH mtucinent tli;ii Inn-llily closes the shears to 
si-\i-r tin :ir;inrh. See cuts Ulnler abfrtincabrr. 
tree-rat (tre' nit), n. A West Indian arboreal 
rodent (if either of the gom-rn GopfMMWMld 
I'liii/ioiloH. See cuts under jiilori-rat and 1'la- 
l/iodilll. 
tree-remover (tre/i-e-nuV'ver), u. Same asfraiw- 
filuti/t r, !t. 
treescape (tnVskap), . A landscape abound- 
ing in trees. [ Uiire.] 
Tin- fi-.vs.vi/. '. " 1C woo<1 and w ter peeps, are flue Just 
hi-fure yiiu reach Darlington. 
Dr. (;..n/i. ii M.i W.--, (|iidted in N. and Q., 7th cr., I. 208. 
tree-scraper (tnVskra'pi-r), n. A tool, consist- 
ing of a triangular blade attached flatwise to a 
handle, for scraping old bark and moss from 
trees, and also for gathering turpentine. 
tree-serpent (tre'ser'pent), n. Any snake of 
(lie family Itendnmhidte ; a tree-snake. 
treeship (tre'ship), n. [< tree + -hip.'] Ex- 
istence as a tree ; the condition of being or be- 
coming a tree. [Rare.] 
While thus through all the (taws thou hast pnsh'd 
of trmltip first a seedling, hid in graM ; 
Then twig ; then sapling. Cnurprr, Yardley Oak. 
II -.-,.-, 
treget 
about two Inches long, and of variegated u well a* change- trefl (tref lii'l, <i. [< K. ln[tl' : , < tri-fli; trefoil: 
-' ' ' ' 1 - - K -'" -'"'" > ' '" -' "> ""- - 
plug beard In spring and 111111- 
I i, Hi it states ! made by tree- 
toads, as Acrti yrytltu, A. mpitaru, llyla pickeringi, and 
//. terrioilnr. as well as by some of the small llylidm w I 
able colors. The thrill 
iner in mini) pill t.s .if 111. 
are aquatic, a llrlircrlei triteriatui. 
ihich 
The species of tree 
American Tree-toad (/<r/o innUtlat^. 
toads are very numerous, about 176 In number, of which 
by far the greater part Inhabit tropical America. Those 
of the genus rhyllamediua are usually included among the 
1/ylulx. The llchened tree-toad Is Tmehyceiihalut K- 
chenahu, of the same family. Members of the genus A m- 
phiynathodon (of a different family) are of arboreal hahlta, 
and resemble the llylulx. Some true frogs (ranifi nn ba- 
trachians) are also of arboreal habiU, and to these the 
name tree-frog should be, though it ls not, restricted. See 
tre<-/rag (b), and cut under PhyUomedvm. 
The tree-toad chimed in with his loud trilling chirrup. 
S. Jwltl, Margaret, 1. 14. 
tree-shrew (tre'shrB), n. An animal of the ge- 
nus Tupain (which see, with cut); a squirrel- 
shrew. The Peguan tree-shrew is a Burmese o ^ dle8Bteee . toa ^ |themeraberso , asll * famllv 
species, 1. peijuaiiit. /W,,j*..M/r, mostly arboreal Ranidx, witfi dilated toes 
tree-shrike (tre'shrik), n. A bush-shrike; a and no parotoids. Spurred tree-toad. seeqmrwi. 
bird of the subfamily Tliamnophilinie. See cut tree-tomato (tre'to-ma'to), n. 1. See tomato. 
under Thamnophilinse. 2. See Cyi>homandra. 
tree-snake (tre'snak), . A serpent of the fam- tree-top (tre'top), n. The top or uppermost 
ily Dendrophidsp. See cut under Dendrophig. p ar t o f a tree, 
tree-sorrel (tre'sor'el), n. An arborescent How peaceful sleep 
shrub, Rumex Lunaria. of the Canaries. The tree-tap, altogether! Parftcel , , 
tree-soul (tre'sol), n. A vivifying sentient 
spirit imagined by tree-worshipers to exist in tree-Violet (tre yi'o-let), n. See vwlet 
tree-warbler (tre'war'bler), w. Any Old World 
M . ( . /,,//,.] I,, /,,,.; () En. ling in a tliree- 
lohed ligiin- or trefoil: >;.; 
perhilh of :i .-r.i-s ol which eaeli 
branch is HO finished. (//.il) -i-oi -at - 
eel with triple leaves or (lowers 
elsewhere than at the end: thus, a 
bend trefte has such flowers along 
one side, usually the upper or 
sinister side, the trefoil flower* 
often rcM-mliling the upper parts 
of fleurs-de-li-. 
treflee (trt-f -!'), a. [< F. trefte: see trrfle.} 
Same ,-i-i //</.. 
trefoil (tre'foil), M. and a. [< MK. /.//"'' < OF. 
ind,n. 1,-ihnl. In ill , trefflc, F. trifle = Pr. /; 
fati = Sp. I'g. Irifoli,, = It. trif,,.iti;. < I,, tn- 
'liilium, trefoil, lit. three-leaved (<-' .'/""""' 
grass), < trot, three, + folium, a leaf: HOO/MI/I.] 
I. n. 1. A plant of the genus Trifnliinii: clover. 
The name la given to various other plants with trifollolate 
leaves, In England somewhat specifically to the black 
medic, Mediatgo lupulina, grown for pasture. See cfmwr, 
SttllatanUa-i, and specific names below. 
The delicate trefoil that muffled warm 
A slope on Ida. T. B. Aldrieh, Plscataq.ua Elver. 
2t. The third leaf put forth by a young plant. 
To make hem [cabbages) hoor as frost eke crafte Is fonde : 
Let grounden glaase goo slfte on hem aboute, 
When thalre trefoil or (|ualerfoil is out*. 
I'aUadiitM, Uusbondrle (E. E. T. S.), p. 8S. 
3. An ornameu- 
tal feathering 
or foliation 
U8e< l in medie- 
every tree. 
Orthodox Buddhism decided against the tree-mult, and 
consequently against the scruple to harm them, declaring 
trees to have no mind nor sentient principle. 
E. B. Tylor, Prim. Culture, I. 475. 
tree-sparrow (tre'spar'o), n. 1. In Great Brit- 
ain, Passer montaitus, a near relative of the 
house-sparrow. It has been naturalized to 
some extent in the United States. See Passer'* 
and sparrow. 2. In the United States, Spizella 
monticola. This is a very common sparrow, belonging to 
the same genus as the cliipping-sparrow, and much re- 
sembling it, but larger and more northerly in habitat, 
being chiefly seen in the United States in the late fall, 
winter, and early spring months. It Is at least Inches 
long and 9 In extent. The under mandible is in part 
yellow, the toes are quite blackish, and there is a dark 
spot in the middle of tne breast, as In the song-sparrow, tree-wool (tre'wul), n. 
but no streaks on the under parts. The cap is chestnut, , u .,...- 
much like the chip-bird's, and the back Is streaked with ' ZftESt 
brown, bay, and flaxen. It chiefly haunts shrubbery and tree-WOr 
undergrowth. The name perpetuates the original mis- 
take of J. R. Forster (1772), who took it for the bird of 
def. 1. 
tree-squirrel (tre'skwur'el), n. A true or typi- 
cal squirrel ; one of the arboreal species of tne 
genus Sciurus prop"- " ***- 1*^ tmm 
any of the ground- __._ 
marmot-squirrels, flying-squirrels, etc. See 
cuts under chickaree, fox-squirrel, Scinrus, and 
squirrel. 
tree-swallow (tre'swol'6), n. 1. An Austra- 
lian swallow of the genus Hyloehrlidoii, called 
in that country martin, and laying in holes in 
trees. 2. The white-bellied swallow, Tachy- 
cineta (or Iridoprocne) bicolor, which still nests 
in trees even in populous districts of the United 
States. 
tree-swift (tre'swift), n. An Oriental swift of 
the genus Dcndrochelidon, of which the species 
are several, wide-ranging in India and east- 
ward. 
treet (tret), n. [Prob. ult. < L. triticum, wheat.] 
f whole 
warbler of the genus (or section of Sylvia) Uy- 
polais, as the icterine, H. Merina ; the melodi- 
ous, H. polyglotta; the olive, H. olivetorum; 
the olivaceous, H.pallida ; the booted, H. cali- 
aata. They are a small group, connecting the willow, 
warblers (PhijUoKoput) with the reed-warblers (Acrocepha- 
lta\ having the nearly even tall of the former and the 
large bill of the latter. They lay eggs of a French-gray 
or salmon ground color. Compare parallel use of trood- 
warMer for a certain group of American warblers. 
tree-Wai (tre'waks), n. One of several wax- 
like substances produced from trees in various 
ways; specifically) the Japan wax. See v-ajft. 
Tree-wax (probably that secreted by Coccus Pe-la on 
the branches of Fraxlnus Chinensls). 
Workshop Receipt*, 2d ser., p. 336. 
Same as pine-needle 
. M. [< ME. treaorm; < 
'tree, wood, + worm.] The ship-worm or teredo. 
Halliirell. 
tree-wormwood (tre'wenn'wud), H. See irorm- 
Trefoil. Detail of tracery from Lincoln 
Cathedral. England. 
BIIWUI ci/, * *^ i* w *Vr* ifitnil 
ie of the arboreal species of the tree _ wor8 h.ip (tre'wer'ship), n. Worship or 
proper, as distinguished from reli ~ olls veneration paid to trees by primitive 
iind-squirrels, prairie-squirrels, n| JJJ of m from , he belief that thpy were 
or 
rimitive 
were 
the fixed abode or a favorite resort of spirits 
Trefoiu - architecture in 
the heads of window-lights, tracery, panelings, 
etc., in which the spaces between the cusps rep- 
resent a three- 
lobed figure. 
In the triforlum 
string-course . . . 
of the Cathedral of 
Amiens, the com- 
pound trefoil orna- 
ment is noticeable 
for its beauty of 
outline. 
C.H.ttonre, Goth- 
lie Architcc- 
(ture, p. 277. 
4. In her., a 
bearing sup- 
posed to repre- 
sent a clover- 
leaf. It consists usually ol three rounded and slightly 
pointed leaves set In a formal way at the three upper ex- 
tremities of a small cross, the lower extremity of which 
terminates in different ways. Also trejle. 
5. Abombycidmoth./rfMiocam^a trifolii, whose 
larva feeds on grass and clover in Europe. Also 
called grass-eaner and elorer-egger Blrd's-foot 
trefoil. See tnr'd't-foot and torus, 2. Bitumen-trefoil. 
See Pioralea. Bog-trefolL Came as bug-bean.- Hare's- 
foot trefoil. See hare'ifool, 1.- Marsh-trefoil. See 
bog-bean and Menyanthe*. - Melllot trefoil, the black 
medic, Hedicayo luptilina. Also trefoil melili it. Shrub- 
by trefoil same as Imp-tree. See Jtelea. Snail-trefoil. 
Same as mail cliictr. - Spanish trefoil Same as lucerne. 
Thorny trefoil, a thorny shrub of the genus Fayonia, 
order CfemAsjRsm especially F. Cretica of the Mediter- 
nmean region. Tree- trefoil, the laburnum. Trefoil 
of the diaphragm. See diaphragm. Water-trefoil 
Same as bog-bean. (See also bean-trefoil, heart-trefoil, hop- 
trefoil, moontrefoil, tick-trefoil.) 
II. a. Characterized by the presence or 
different kinds of trees have been specific objects of wor- 
ship, but particularly the oak, as among the Druids. In 
Greek mythology some special tree was In many cases sa- 
cred to an individual deity, as the oak to Zeus (Jupiter) 
of trefoils; thrice foliated. 
The smaller Benedictine church, . . . whose bell-tower 
groups so well with Saint .Nicolas, employs In that bell- 
. . tower a trefoil arch. E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 21. 
andtoCybele,thelaurel to Apollo, theash to Ares(Mars), ...,.,.,-..,, f< trefoil + -rtfl"\ 1 
the olive to Athena (Minerva), the myrtle to Aphrodite trefoiled (tre foild), n. ! .J 1. 
-_/,__j .._ .t ._ Formed like or having the outlines of a trefoil ; 
clover-leafed; three-lobed: as, a trefoiled arch. 
It seems by no means Improbable that these pointed 
domes, gablets, and trefoiled arches may have strongly af- 
fected tie architecture of the Saracens. 
Eneye. Brit., II. S9. 
2. In her., same as bottony. 
See 
_Br (tre'ti'ger), n. The leopard. 
cuts under leopard and panilu-r. 
tree-toad (tre'tod). . Any arboreal toad, usu- 
ally of the family Hi/Hdic. They are true toads (In J 16 ? 13 " vl i\ '" 
the sense of being bufoniform batrachiaiis). though often Irene ( 1 1 I ); 
miscalled tree-frogt. The; 
slickers on the ends of the 
many are noted for their ch 
There I.-, mily one European 
corresponding species in the I 
(Venus), etc. Tree-worship was practised by the early 
linddhlsts, though not enjoined by their scriptures, and 
traces of It remain among them, as among many other 
pagan peoples; and it existed throughout Europe before 
the introduction of Christianity. The old Testament has 
many Indications of Its existence among the peoples sur- 
rounding the Jews, and of lapses into the practice of It 
by the Jews themselves. ..-..,__ 
(tre'wer'ship-er), n. One who trefoilwise (tre'foil-wiz), adr. In the manner 
of a triple foliation, or of a combination of tre- 
foils. 
Groups of three globulites massed trefoUmte ... are 
not uncommon. Qtiarf. Jour. Otol. Soc., XLV. 64. 
trefoliated (tre-fo'li-a-ted), a. [< L. trifolium 
(see trefoil) + -ate* + -etf>.~\ Same as trefoils!. 
On the south side of the window is the piscina, with Its 
trefaliated and ciuped arch. 
Tnuu. Hi*. Soc. n/LancaMre and Chethin. X. S., V. 141. 
a heathen who worships trees or a particular 
tree. 
Unlawful ; unclean : op- 
s used by Hebrews. 
Same as" thrifiilloir. 
'Id), a. In her., same as bottony. 
[< OF. "trefle, treffle. F. trifle. 
tregett, tragett, . [ME., < OF. irm<i><-t. a jug- 
sling trick. < L. Imji liiix. triinxjirtiiK, a crossing 
or passing over: see traject. Cf.treaetoitr.] Jug- 
