Trephine. 
A, crown or spherical saw; a, center- 
pin for guiding the saw ; b, screw for 
attachment or the shank to a working 
handle. 
trepanner 
trepanner 1 (tre-pan'er), n. [(.trepan 1 , -v, -.j 
One who operates surgically with the trepan 
or trephine. 
trepanner' 2 , . See trapannei: 
trepanning (tre-pan'ing), n. [Verbal n. of 
trepan^, ('.] 1. The operation of making, with 
a trepan, an opening in the skull for relieving 
the brain from compression or irritation. 2. 
The method of making trepanned brushes 
(which see, under trepan*, r.). 
trepanning-elevator (tre-pan'iug-el"e-va-tor), 
n. In surg., a lever for raising the portion of 
bone detached by a trepan or trephine, 
trepgett, . Same as trebuchet. 
trephine (tre-fen' or tre-fin'), n. [< F. trephine; 
appar. intended for "trepine, an arbitrary dim. 
of trepan, trepan : see trepan 1 .] An improved 
form of the trepan, consisting of a cylindrical 
saw with a handle placed transversely, like 
that of a gimlet, and having a sharp steel point 
called the center-pin. This pin may be fixed and 
removed at pleasure, and stands in the center of the 
circle formed by the saw, projecting a little below its 
edge. The center-pin is 
fixed in the skull, and 
forms an axis round 
which the circular edge 
of the saw rotates, and as 
soon as the teeth of the 
saw have made a circu- 
lar groove in which they 
can work steadily the 
center-pin is removed. 
The saw is made to cut 
through the bone, not by 
a series of complete ro- 
tations such as are made by the trepan, but by rapid half- 
rotations alternately to the right and left. The trephine 
is used especially in injuries of the head, and in cases, 
chiefiy of abscess, resulting from injuries, in which the 
removal of the morbid material or of a new growth is 
necessary. The use of the trephine, which was gradually 
being abandoned, has of late years come into prominence 
again, in consequence of the discoveries made in cerebral 
localization. 
trephine (tre-fen' or tre-fin'), . t.; pret. and 
pp. trephined, ppr. trephining. [< trephine, n.] 
To operate upon with a trephine ; trepan, 
trephine-saw (tre-fen 'sa), n. Broadly, a crown- 
saw; more specifically, a small crown-saw used 
by surgeons in trephining; a trephine. 
trepid (trep'id), a. [= Sp. trepido = Pg. It. 
trepido, < L. trepidm, agitated, anxious, < tre- 
pere (found only in 3d pers. sing, trepit), turn, 
= Gr. rptmiv, turn (> ult. E. trope, tropic, etc.). 
The negative intrepid is much more common.] 
Trembling from fear or terror ; quaking : op- 
posed to intrepid. 
Look at the poor little trepid creature, panting and 
helpless under the great eyes ! 
Thackeray, Virginians, Ixx. 
trepidation (trep-i-da'shon), n. [< OF. trepi- 
dation, F. trepidation = Sp. trepiduciou = Pg. 
trepidacSo = It. trepidazione, < L. trepidatio(n-), 
alarm, trembling, < trepidare, hurry with alarm, 
be agitated with fear, tremble, < trepidus, agi- 
tated, anxious: see trepid.'] 1. Tremulous agi- 
tation; perturbation; alarm. 
There useth to be more trepidation in court upon the 
first breaking out of trouble than were fit. 
Bacon, Seditious and Troubles (ed. 1887). 
2. A trembling of the limbs, as in paralytic af- 
fections. 3. A vibratory motion ; a vibration. 
It cometh to pass in massive bodies that they have cer- 
tain trepidations and waverings before they fix and settle. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 
4. In anc. astron., a libration of the eighth 
sphere, or a motion which the Ptolemaic sys- 
tem ascribes to the firmament to account for 
certain phenomena, especially precession, really 
due to motions of the axis of the earth. 
That crystalline sphere whose balance weighs 
The trepidation talk'd, and that first moved. 
Milton, P. L, iii. 483. 
fSyn. 1. Tremor, Emotion, etc. (see agitation), flutter, 
tremulousness, discomposure. 
trepidity (tre-pid'i-ti), n. [< trepid + -ity.] 
The state of being trepid ; trepidation ; timid- 
ity: opposed to intrepidity. [Bare.] 
Treron (tre'ron), n. [NL. (Vieillot, 1816), < Gr. 
rptjpuv, timorous, shy, < rpeiv, flee in fear.] 1 
An extensive genus of Old World fruit-pigeons; 
the green pigeons, chiefly of Asia and Africa. 
The limits of the genus vary much, as many modern gen- 
era have been detached and separately named. The tre- 
rons are mainly of green plumage shading into lavender 
and maroon, and varied with yellow, orange, or scarlet in 
some places. They are gregarious and arboricole, and feed 
mostly on soft fruits. T. amboinensis is a characteristic 
species of the genus in its most restricted sense. Also 
called Vinago. See cnt in next column. 
2. [(. c.] A pigeon of this genus; a vinago. 
Treronidae (tre-ron'i-de), M. pi [NL., < Treron 
+ -idee.] The Treroninie ranked as a family. 
6460 
Amboyna Vinago ( Treron amboinensis). 
. p 
e.] 
i. [NL. (G. R. 
The trerons as 
Treroninse (tre-ro-m'ne), n. 
Gray, 1840), < Treron + -inee 
a subfamily of Columbid'te. 
tresauncet, n. [ME., also tresawnce, tresawne, 
tresawnte, tresens; < OF. tresanee (ML. trans- 
cencia, transcenna), perhaps ult. < L. transcen- 
dere, climb over: see transcend.] A passage; 
a corridor. Prompt. Parv., p. 502. 
W a privee yard to a keehyn, w a tresaunce between 
the hall and the keehyn. a. and Q., 7th ser., VII. 61. 
tresaylet (tres'al), n. [< OF. tresayle (F. tri- 
sa'ieul), < tres (< L. tres, tri-), three, + ai'eul, 
ayle, etc., grandfather: see ayle.] In law, an old 
writ which lay for a man claiming as heir to 
his grandfather's grandfather, to recover lands 
of which he had been deprived by an abate- 
ment happening on the ancestor's death. 
tresont, . An obsolete form of treason. 
tresort, tresouret, Middle English forms of 
treasure. 
tresoreret, tresoureret, Middle English 
forms of treasurer. 
tresouriet, tresouryt, Middle English forms 
of treasury. 
trespacet, *' ' An old spelling of trespass. 
. /. f . *. , rT f . Junuwi ui trespass, an action 10 recover damages lor 
trespass (tres pas), v. i. [< ME. trespassen, tres- trespass.- Forcible trespass, in criminal law, the offense 
pacen, < OF. trespasser, pass over, depart, die, 
F. trepasser, die, = Pr. traspassar, trcspassar, 
trapasnar = Sp. traspasar = Pg. traspassar, tres- 
passar = It. trapassare, < ML. trunspassare, 
pass over, trespass, < L. trans, over, + passare, 
pass : see trans- and pass, r., and cf . transpass.] 
If. To pass beyond a limit or boundary; hence, 
to depart from life ; die. 
tress 
Infringe or infringe upon means a breaking into; hence 
it is a much stronger word than those that precede it. 
Transgress is stronger and plainer still, meaning to walk 
across the boundary, as of another's rights. Intrude upon 
suggests especially that one is unwelcome, and goes where 
regard for others' rights, as of privacy, or the sense of 
shame, should forbid him to press in. 
trespass (tres'pas), . [< ME. trespas, < OF. 
trespas, departure, F. trepas, decease, = Pr. 
traspas, trespas = Sp. traspaso = Pg. traspasso, 
trespasso = It. trapasso, departure, decease, 
digression, trespass; from the verb.] 1. Un- 
lawful or forbidden entrance or passage ; offen- 
sive intrusion of bodily presence. See 3 (b). 
"There is neither knight or squire," said the pinder, . . . 
"Dare make a trespass to the town of Wakefleld." 
Jolly Pinder of Wakefleld (Child's Ballads, V. 205). 
2. An aggressive or active offense against law 
or morality ; the commission of any wrongful 
or improper act; an offense; a sin: as, a tres- 
pass against propriety. 
You hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and 
sins. Eph. it 1. 
Be plainer with me, let me know my trespass 
By its own visage. Shak., W. I., i. 2. 265. 
In 1404 . . . Northumberland's treason was condoned 
as a trespass only. Stubbs, Const. Hist. , 372. 
3. In lair, in a general sense, any transgression 
not amounting to felony or misprision of felony. 
Specifically (o) An injury to the person, property, or 
rights of another, with force, either actual or implied : 
technically called trespass met armis. In this sense it in- 
(6) A wrongful entry upon land of another: specifically 
called trespass to real property. Setting foot on another's 
land without right or license is technically considered a 
forcible trespass. Casting things upon it, suffering one's 
cattle to go upon it, or otherwise interfering with its pos- 
session is equally so. 
Every unwarrantable entry on another's soil the law 
entitles a trespass by breaking his close. . . . For every 
man's land is. in the eye of the law, enclosed and set apart 
from his neighbour's. Blackstone, Com., III. xii. 
(c) An injury to property by one who has no right what- 
ever to its possession or use : technically called trespass to 
property. In this sense it equally implies force, but 
relates to property only, and contradistinguishes the 
wrong from a conversion or embezzlement by a bailee or 
other person having already a rightful possession. 
Action of trespass, an action to recover damages for 
trespass. Forcible trespass, in criminal law, the offense 
of committing trespass to personal property with such 
display of force as to terrify or overawe. The similar 
offense respecting real property is called forcible entry. 
Trespass for mesne profits. See action of mesne profits, 
under profit. Trespass on the case, an action for a 
wrong which is not technically a trespass, because the 
injury is not in the strictest sense the direct result of the 
Robert de Bruse . . . trespassed out of this vncertayne 
worlde. Berners, tr. of Froissart's Chron., I. xx. 
o Tn .,,., i- >,,..,- p *i,~ ^ -: u* 
2. lo make entry or passage without right or 
case of libel, malicious prosecution, and the like. 
In the 16th century a special form of trespass on the 
case became, under the name of assumpsit, the common 
and normal method of enforcing contracts not made by 
deed, and remained so till the middle of the present cen- 
Encyc. Brit., XXIII. 454. 
permission; go unlawfiilly or unwarrantably; tury. 
encroach by bodily presence : with on or upon : =gyn. 2 and 3. Transgression, Wrong, etc. (see crime), 
as, to trespass upon another's land or premises, breach, infringement, iufraction, encroachment. 
Go out of the sanctuary ; for thou hast trespassed. trespasser (tres'pas-er), n. [< ME. trespassour, 
2 Chron. xxvi. 18. trespasot<re,<. OF.*trespassour, < trespasser, tres- 
3. To make an improper inroad upon a person's pass: see trespass.] One who trespasses, or 
presence or rights ; intrude aggressively or of- commits a trespass ; one who invades another's 
fensively in relation to something: with on or property or rights, or who does a wrongful act. 
upon. trespass-offering (tres'pas-of'er-ing), . 
Among the ancient Jews, a sacrifice presented 
in expiation for such a sin or offense as ad- 
mitted of compensation or satisfaction, 
ceremonial is described in Lev. xiv. 12-18. 
Nothing that trespasses upon the modesty of the com- 
pany, and the decency of conversation, can become the 
mouth of a wise and virtuous person. 
Tillotson, Sermons, ccxiv. 
4. To commit an aggressive offense; trans- 
offering. 
The 
See 
gress in some active manner; offend; sin: with tress 1 (tres),n. [<ME. tresse, trisse, <OF. tresse, 
tresce, F. tresse = Pr. tressa, treza = Sp. trenza 
= Pg. tranga = It. treccia,< ML.'trichea, tricia, 
also triea, a tress, hair interwoven, prob. < Gr. 
rpixa, in three parts, < rpeif (rpi-), three: see 
three.'] A plait, braid, lock, or curl of hair; 
any distinct portion of the hair of the head, 
especially when long; in the plural, the hair of 
the head, especially when growing abundantly. 
Hir yelow heer was broyded in a tresse 
Bihinde hir bak, a yerde long, I gesse. 
Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 191. 
Behind her Neck her comely Tresses ty'd. 
Prior, Cloe Hunting. 
Nazarite tresses. See Nazarite. To braid St. Cathe- 
rine's tresses. See braidi. 
against: as, to trespass against the laws of God 
and man. See trespass, n. 
A dere God, what Love hadde he to us his Subjettes, 
wh an rVU 11 ?' nevere tn *P aced * olde ' or Trespassours 
8U T,7, t \ <mdew<fe,Travels,p.3. 
If thy brother trespass against thee, rebuke him. 
Luke xvii. 'J. 
They . . . trespass against all logick. Harris. 
5f. To give offense : with to. 
And if that any neighebore of myne . . . 
... be so hardy to hir to trespace. 
Chaucer, Prol. to Monk's Tale, 1. 15. 
= Syn. 2 and 3. Trespass upon, Encroach upon, Intrench 
upon, Trench upon, Infringe upon, Intrude upan, Trans- 
gress. Trespass upon, though figurative, expresses generally 
, , . 
the idea common to these words, that of unauthorized, im- trOSS 1 (tres), c. t. [< ME. tressen, < OF. (and F ) 
proper, or undesirable coming upon ground not one's own. t rfwfr _ p r 
lresse > 
p . 
The order is essentially that of strength, and there is a cor- 
responding increase in the presumption that the offense is 
committed knowingly. To trespass upon another's rights 
literally to step or pass across the line of demarcation 
between his rights and ours. To encroachupon anything is 
to creep upon it to some extent, and often implies moving 
by stealth or by imperceptible degrees and occupying or 
keeping what one tfius takes : the ocean may thus be Said 
to encroach npon the land by wearing it away. Tointrench 
upon, or latterly more often trench upon, is to out into as 
a trench is lengthened or widened ; it does not especially treSS-H, . An obsolete form of trace. 
suggest, as does encroach upon, either slowness or stealth. trOSS 3 , . A dialectal variant of trest 2 . 
: tressar = Sp. trenzar = Pg. 
car = It. trecciare, plait in tresses; from the 
noun.] To furnish with or form into tresses: 
chiefly in the past participle used adjectively. 
A brow of pearl 
Tressed with redolent ebony, 
In many a dark delicious curl. 
Tennyson, Arabian Nights. 
Tressed point. See j ' 
