Trichiaceae 
Trichiaceae (trik-i-a'se-e), n.pl. [NL. (Rosta- 
finski, 1875), < TricJiid + -ce.] A family of 
myxomycetous fungi, typified by the genus Tri- 
c.hiu, having the peridia sessile or stipitate, ir- 
regularly rupturing. 
trichiasis (tri-ki'a-sis)- " [NL-, < Gr. rpix'ti- 
aif, trichiasis, < Opt!; (rpix-), hair.] lupathol.: 
(n) A disease of the kidneys or bladder, in 
which filamentous substances resembling hairs 
are passed in the urine. (6) A swelling of the 
breasts of women in childbed when the milk 
is excreted with difficulty, (c) Inversion of 
the eyelashes; entropion. DitngUson. Also 
frichia. 
trichidium (tri-kid'i-um), . ; pi. trickidia (-a). 
[NL., < Gr. Opij (rpix-), hair, + dim. -<oW.] In 
bot., a tender simple or sometimes branched 
hair, which supports the spores of some fungoid 
plants, as Geastrum. 
Trichilia (tri-kil'i-a), n. [NL. (Linneeus, 1763), 
< Gr. rpixei^of, three-lipped, < rprif (rpi-), three, + 
xeil-of, lip: prob. from the three-lobed stigma.] 
A genus of polypetalous plants, of the order 
Meliacete, type of the tribe Trichiliese. It is char- 
acterized by flowers usually with four or five free valvate 
petals, erect exserted anthers, and a three-celled ovary, 
which becomes a loculicidal capsule in fruit. There are 
about 112 species, natives of tropical Africa and America. 
They are trees or shrubs with axillary panicles of numer- 
ous and rather large flowers. The leaves are alternate, 
odd-pinnate, and commonly pellucid-dotted. The leaflets 
are entire, and usually numerous, sometimes three, or 
only two, or very rarely replaced by an undivided leaf. 
The stamens are more or less monadelphous ; in the 67 
species of the section Moichoxylum, formerly separated 
as a distinct genus (Adrien de Jussieu, 1830), they are 
united nearly to the anthers ; but in 43 others, the typical 
section Eutrichilia, they are not united above the middle. 
The first group is entirely American, except T. Prieureana, 
which is African ; its best-known species is T. moschata-, 
often called Moschoxylon Swartzii, a low fragrant resin- 
ous tree with loose panicles of yellowish flowers, a native 
of Jamaica, where it is known as muskicood, incense-tree, 
and pameroon-bark tree. (Compare juribali.) To the 
typical group belongs T. emetica of Arabia and Africa, a 
large tree with .densely panicled whitish flowers. (See 
roka, elcaja, and mafurra-tree.) Several South American 
species are reputed purgatives, as T. cathartica and T. 
trifoliata. T. hirta is known as bastard ironwood and T. 
spondioides as white bitterwood in Jamaica. T. Triniten- 
sis, the naranjillo bianco of Trinidad and Guiana, a small 
tree with capsules densely covered with soft prickles, 
yields a dark wood of close and even grain. T. Catiffna 
of Brazil is said to stain leather a bright yellow. The 
petals are downy or densely velvety in many species, 
especially in T. grandiflara of St. Thomas. T. glandu- 
losa of New South Wales, called turnip-wood (which 
see) and also rosewood, is now separated as a genus 
Synoum. 
Trichilieae (trik-i-li'e-e), n. pi. [NL. (A. P. 
de Candolle, 1824), < Trichilia + -ea?.] A tribe 
of polypetalous plants, of the order Meliaceee. 
It is characterized by monadelphous stamens, ovary-cells 
with only one or two ovules, and wingless seeds with thick 
cotyledons and without albumen. It includes 19 genera, 
of which Trichilia is the type. They are mostly trees or 
shrubs of tropical Asia, bearing pinnate leaves with entire 
leaflets. 
Trichina (tri-kl'na), . [NL. (Owen, 1835), < 
Gr. 6pit; (rpix-), a' hair, + -tna 1 .] 1. An im- 
portant genus of nematoid worms, typical of the 
Trichinidee. T. spiralis 
is a hair-like nematoid 
worm, which in the larval 
state isoccasionallyfound 
encysted in large num- 
bers in the muscular tis- 
sue of man and certain 
lower animals. In the 
adult state it may inhabit 
the intestinal tract of the 
same animal. It is the 
cause of trichinosis. The 
adult male is 1.5 milli- 
meters, the female from 3 
to 4 millimeters long. The 
female gives birth to im- 
mense numbers of em- 
bryos, about one tenth of 
a millimeter long. These 
pierce the walls of the in- 
testine, and either enter 
the peritoneal cavity and 
thence find their way into 
the various muscles, or 
else enter blood-vessels 
and are carried passively 
by the blood-current into 
remote parts of the body. 
Having reached the mus- 
cular tissue, they at first 
travel a short distance be- 
tween the fibers, then 
pierce the sarcolemma of 
some one fiber and enter 
its substance. When they 
have arrived at a certain 
maturity, and are from 
.6 to 1 millimeter long. Trichina spiralis, highly magni- 
fied. (9, female; cT. male.) 
6468 
long, the cyst rarely containing more than one worm. 
After a variable length of time, the cyst or capsule may 
become filled with lime-salts. The worm is thereby more 
or less obscured, but the cyst becomes visible to the naked 
eye as a minute white speck. The inclosed trichina may 
remain alive ten years and even longer, although it under- 
goes no further development until the muscular tissue 
containing it is consumed raw by man or some susceptible 
animal. It then becomes sexually mature in the intes- 
tines within two or three days, to give birth to embryos 
in five or six days more, thus completing the life-cycle. 
T. spiralis has been found in the muscular tissue of man, 
swine, cats, rats, hedgehogs, racoons, badgers, martens, 
marmots, and polecats, and in almost every part of the 
globe. 
2. [?. c.; pi. trichinee (-ne), sometimes trttMnat 
(-naz).] A worm of this genus. 
trictiniasis (trik-i-m'a-sis), n. [NL., < Tri- 
china + -iasis.J Same as trichinosis. 
Trichinidae (tri-kin'i-de), n.pl. [NL., < Trichi- 
na + -idee.] A family of nematoid worms, of 
which the genus Trichina is the type. 
trichiniferous (trik-i-nif'e-rus), a. [< NL. 
Trichina + L. j'erre = E. bear l .~\ Containing 
trichinae, as muscular or other tissue. 
trichinization (trik"i-ni-za'shon), n. [< trich- 
inize + -ation.] Infection with trichinae; the 
state of being trichinized ; trichinosis. It is 
sometimes practised upon animals for the purpose of 
studying the parasite or the disease. Also spelled trick- 
inisation. 
trichinize (trik'i-niz), . t. ; pret. and pp. trich- 
inized, ppr. trictiinizing. [< NL. Trichina + 
-ize.~] To infect with trichinee ; produce trich- 
inosis in. Also spelled trichinise. 
The ingestion of badly trichinised meat, insufficiently 
cooked, is followed after a few hours by symptoms of indi- 
gestion. Quain, Med. Diet., p. 1667. 
trichinoscope (tri-ki'no-skop), n. [< NL.TneAi- 
na + Gr. OKOTTCIV, view.] An instrument for the 
examination of meat in order to determine the 
presence or absence of trichinee. 
trichinosed (trik'i-nozd), a. [< trichinosis + 
-e<J 2 .] Affected with trichinosis; infested with 
trichinee ; trichinous ; measly, as pork. 
On examining trichinosed pork, the parasites are seen as 
small white specks dotting the lean parts. 
Lancet, 1889, II. 730. 
trichinosis (trik-i-no'sis), H. [NL., < Trichina 
+ -osis.~\ A disease caused by the presence 
of Trichina spiralis in large numbers in the in- 
testines, and by the migration of embryos of the 
same worm from the intestines into the muscu- 
lar tissue. See Trichina. The worms are introduced 
into the human body in raw meat from infected swine. 
Since many persons may eat meat or sausage from the 
same animal, the disease has generally prevailed in epi- 
demics. The severity of the disease depends largely on 
the number of parasites consumed. It may begin with 
chilly sensations or a distinct chill, and there may be a 
slight fever of varying intensity in the course of the dis- 
ease. Digestive disturbances are very common. They 
consist in sensations of discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and 
diarrhea. These may appear several hours or days after 
the eating of infected meat, or they may be entirely ab- 
sent. They are referable to the irritation caused by the 
worms in the intestine. Next to these symptoms, those af- 
fecting the muscular system are the most important. In 
all cases they begin with a sensation of general lameness of 
the muscles. This is followed by swelling, firmness, and 
great tenderness of the invaded muscles. Mastication, deg- 
lutition, and respiration are rendered difficult. Muscular 
pains are frequent, especially on moving. Swelling of the 
eyelids and of the face, appearing usually on the seventh 
day, is quite characteristic. Edema of the limbs is not 
.uncommon. The disease, which terminates when the 
muscle-trichinse have come to rest, lasts from five weeks 
to four months. The mortality varies in different epi- 
demics, and has been as high as thirty per cent. The 
presence of encysted trichina? in the muscles does not lead 
to permanent disability. Trichinosis of swine is of great 
economic and hygienic importance, and has received 
much attention. In order to detect it, muscular fibers 
from the diaphragm, and from the intercostal, abdominal, 
laryngeal, and lingual muscles, are examined, because the 
worms are most abundant in these localities. Very small, 
slender strips are cut from these muscles parallel to the 
course of the fibers, crushed between two glass slides and 
examined under a microscope. Meat infected with trichi- 
na? is made harmless by thorough cooking. Many authori- 
ties refer the source of trichinosis in swine to trichinized 
rats eaten by them. Some incline to the view that the 
disease is propagated by allowing swine to feed upon the 
infected viscera of slaughtered swine. Also trichiniasis. 
trichinotic (trik-i-not'ik), a. [< trichinosis 
(-ot-) + -ic.~\ Of or pertaining to trichinosis. 
However, trichinae cannot be found in the muscles, and 
the very long duration of the disease is a slight argument 
also against the trichinotic view. Lancet, 1889, I. 901 
trichinous (trik'i-nus), . [< Trichina + -op.] 
Infested with trichinee; affected with trichino- 
sis; trichinosed. 
Two out of three hundred and thirty swine were dis- 
covered to be trichinous. The American, VI. 45. 
Trichocephalus 
axis, forms within the scleroblast a sheaf of ex- 
ceedingly fine fibvillee which may be straight or 
twisted ; also, one of these fibrillee : as, " fine 
fibrillee or trichites," Sollas. 2. In litliol., one 
of various dark-colored (or even black) opaque 
microliths, having more or less of a curved and 
twisted form : frequently seen in thin sections 
of vitreous rocks, especially in obsidian. 
II. a. Same as trichitic. 
Trichite sheaves form in some sponges ... a dense 
accumulation within the cortex. Encyc. Brit., XXII. 418. 
trichitic (tri-kit'ik), a. [< trichite + -ic.] 1. 
Finely fibrous or fibrillar, as a trichite ; of or 
pertaining to trichites. 2. In lithoL, having 
the character of or containing trichites. 
Trichiuridae (trik-i-u'ri-de), n. pi. [NL. , < Tri- 
chiurus + -idee.] A family of acanthopterygian 
teleost fishes, whose type genus is Trichiurus 
and whose limits vary, (a) In Giinther's system, it 
covered fishes having the body elongate, the mouth deep- 
ly cleft, strong teeth, and the spinous and soft parts of 
the fins of nearly equfcl extent. It thus included the typi- 
cal TrichiuridfR and others more like Scombrida. (6) By 
later writers it has been restricted to forms having numer- 
ous small anal spines. See cut under Trichiurus. 
trichiuriform (trik-i-u'ri-f6rm), a. [< NL. Tri- 
chiurus, q. v., + L. forma, form.] Having that 
form which is characteristic of the hairtails; 
resembling or belonging to the Trichiuridse. 
trichiuroid (trik-i-u'roid), o. [< NL. Trichiurus, 
q. v., + Gr. fMof, form.] Same as tricliuiri- 
form. 
irichiurus (trik-i-u'rus), . [NL. (Linnaeus, 
1766), prop. Trichunts, < Gr. 6pi% (rpix-), a hair, 
+ ovpa, a tail.] In ichth., the typical genus of 
Trichiuridie ; the hairtails: so called from the 
they coil themselves up 
in the form of a spiral and 
become inclosed in elon- 
gated or lemon-shaped 
a, sinjjle cyst in which the worm is 
coiled (enlarged 35 times) ; *, human 
mscle long infected (magnified) ; 
cyst7aot4 -siiiisas kiss*?-* ~"**T*sa 
trichite (tri'kit), . and a. [< Gr. 0pi'f 
hair, + -f'te 2 .] I. n. 1. A kind of flesh-spicule 
or microsclere of some sponges; a fibrillate 
spicule. in which the silica, instead of being 
deposited in concentric coatings around an 
'rifhiurus lefturus}. 
long filament in which the tail ends. The spe- 
cies are also called ribbon-fish. T. Upturns, the 
type species, is the silvery hairtail, or cutlas- 
fifih. 
trichloracetic (tri-klo-ra-set'ik), a. [< Gr. rprif 
(rpt-), three, + chlor(in) + acetic."] Used only 
in the following phrase Trichloracetic acid, 
acetic acid in which the three hydrogen atoms of the 
methyl radical are replaced by chlorin. The formula of 
acetic acid being CH 3 .C0 2 H, that of trichloracetic acid 
is CC1 3 .C0 2 H. Trichloracetic acid is a crystalline solid, 
easily decomposed. 
trichoblast (trik'o-blast), n. [< Gr. 6>'f (rpi x -), 
hair, + (&aar6f, germ.] In J>ot., an internal 
hair, as one of those which project into the in- 
tercellular spaces of certain water-plants. See 
cut under mangrove. 
trichobranchia (trik-o-brang'M-a), n.; pi. trich- 
obranchix (-e). [NL., < Gr. 8pi (rpix-), hair, + 
flpdyxta, gills.] A filamentous gill character- 
istic of most long-tailed ten-footed crustaceans, 
consisting of a stem beset with many cylindrical 
filaments, as distinguished from the lamellar 
gills, or phyllobranchiee, of many other crusta- 
ceans. The developed arthrobranchise, pleurobranchia?, 
and podobranchise of crawfishes are all of the trichobran- 
chial type. 
The whole of the Macrurous Podophthalmia, excepting 
the genera Gebia and Callianassa, the Prawns, the Shrimps, 
and the Mysidce, have trichobranchia. 
Huxley, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, p. 777. 
trichobranchial (trik-o-brang'ki-al), a. [< 
trichobranchia + -al.~] Thready or filamentous, 
as gills ; of or pertaining to trichobranchiee : as, 
a trichobranchial gill. 
Trichobranchiata (trik-o-brang-ki-a'ta), n. pi. 
[NL.: see trichobrancMa.] Those macrurous 
crustaceans which have trichobranchisa. 
trichobranchiate (trik-o-brang'ki-at), a. [< 
trichobranchia + -ate.~] Having trichobranchiae, 
as a crawfish. 
trichocarpous (trik-o-kar'pus), a. [< Gr. OpiS; 
(rpix-), a nair, + sa/Dirof, fruit.] In bot., having 
hairy fruit ; hairy-fruited. 
Trichocephalidae (trik^o-se-fari-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Trichocephalus 4- -idee.'] A family of 
nematoid worms, typified by the genus Tricho- 
cephalus. 
Trichocephalus (trik-o-sef 'a-lus), n. [NL. 
(Goeze, 1782), < Gr. 0p/f (rptx-), a hair, + KC- 
?, head.] 1. A genus of nematoid worms, 
typical of the family Trichocephalidse. The best- 
known species is T. dispar, found sometimes in the human 
intestine, 1 to 2 inches long, with the head and anterior 
part of the body filamentous. T. aflnis is the caecum-worm 
of sheep. 
