Triumfetta 
tralia, Madagascar, or South Africa. A group of American 
species produces large dense masses of showy cymulose 
flowers. The fruit is two- to five-celled, and separates into 
distinct carpels, or is indehiscent and bur-like, its prickles 
often ending in hooks, as in T. Lappula, a common tropi- 
cal weed known in Jamaica as yreattrort. The species in 
general are known in the West Indies as buru'eed or parra- 
keet-bur, the ripe fruit being a favorite food of the green 
parrakeet. Several species are used medicinally in the 
tropics on account of their mucilaginous properties; sev- 
eral also yield a tenacious tiber, as T. rhomboidea, a wide- 
spread tropical weed, and T. semitriloba (for which see bur- 
bark). 
triumph (tri'umf),. [CMB.triuniphe,tryumphe, 
< OF. triumplie, triomphe, F. triomplie = Pr. tri- 
omfe = Sp. triu nfo = Pg. triumpho = It. trionfo, 
triiinfo = D. triomf, triuinf G. triumph = Sw. 
Dan. triumf, triumph (in OF. and It. also a game 
of cards so called)/ L. triumplms, OL. triitmpus, 
in the earliest use triumpe, triumpe, triumpe, an 
exclamation used in the solemn processions of 
the Arval brethren ; in classical use a solemn 
entrance in procession, made by a victorious 
general (see def.), accompanied by the shout lo 
triumplie! hence fig. a victory, triumph ; = Gr. 
Opiaufiof, the procession at the feast of Bacchus, 
also a name for Bacchus; ult. origin unknown. 
Hence trump 3 .} 1. In Bom.antiq., a procession 
and religious ceremony in honor of a victory 
and the victorious leader. This, the highest mili- 
tary honor which a Roman commander could attain, was 
granted by the senate to such as, holding the office of dic- 
tator, consul, or pretor, had secured a decisive victory or 
the complete subjugation of a province. In the triumph 
the general, crowned with laurel, and having a scepter in 
one hand and a branch of laurel in the other, entered the 
city of Rome in a chariot drawn by four horses, preceded 
by the senate and magistrates, musicians, the spoils, the 
captives in fetters, etc., and followed by his army on foot, 
in marching order. The procession advanced in this order 
along the Via Sacra to the Capitol, where a bull was sacri- 
ficed to Jupiter and the laurel wreath was deposited in the 
lap of the god. Banquets and other entertainments con- 
cluded the solemnity, which was generally brought to a 
close in one day, though in later times it sometimes lasted 
for three days. During the time of the empire the em- 
peror himself was the only person who could claim a tri- 
umph. A naval triumph differed in no respect from a 
military triumph, except that it was on a smaller scale, 
and was marked by the exhibition of beaks of ships and 
other nautical trophies. An ovation was an honor inferior 
to a triumph, and less imposing in its ceremonies. 
If we lose this battle, 
You are contented to be led in triumph 
Thorough the streets of Rome? 
Shak., 3. C., v. 1. 109. 
Though triumphs were to generals only due, 
Crowns were reserv'd to grace the soldiers too. 
Pope, Essay on Criticism, 1. 512. 
2f. A public festivity or display of any kind, as 
an exhibition of masks ; a tournament, stately 
procession, or pageant; a spectacle. 
We retournyd ayen to Venys, whiche day was a grete 
tryumphe and Feste there in remembrance of a Victorye 
that the Venycyans had y same day in gettynge of Pa- 
dowa. Sir R. Guylforde, Pylgrvmage, p. 7. 
You cannot have a perfect palace except you have two 
several sides, . . . the one for feasts and triumphs, and 
the other for dwelling. Baton, Building (ed. 1887). 
3. The state of being victorious; the flush of 
victory. 
The avenging force of Hercules, from Spain, 
Arrived in triumph, from Geryon slain. 
Dryden, JJneid, viii. 267. 
Hail to the Chief who in triumph advances ! 
Scott, L. of theL.,ii. 19. 
4. Successful enterprise or consummation; 
achievement ; conquest. 
With Death she humbly doth insinuate; 
Tells him of trophies, statues, tombs, and stories 
His victories, his triumphs, and his glories. 
Shak., Venus and Adonis, 1. 1014. 
All the triumphs of truth and genius overprejudice and 
power, in every country and in every age, have been the 
triumphs of Athens. Macaulay, Mitford's Hist. Greece. 
5. Joy or exultation for success; great glad- 
ness; rejoicing. 
Great triumph and rejoicing was in heaven. 
Milton, P. L., vii. 180. 
If a civilized nation, or any men who had a sense of 
generosity, were capable of a personal triumph over the 
fallen and afflicted. Burke, Rev. in France. 
6f. A card of a suit which outranks all others ; 
a trump. See trumpS, ]. 
You must mark also that the triumph must apply to 
fetch home unto him all the other cards, whatsoever suit 
they be of. Latimer, Sermons on the Card (Parker Soc.), i. 
She, Eros, has 
Pack'd cards with Caisar, and false-play'd my glory 
Unto an enemy's triumph. Shak., A. and C., iv. 14. 20. 
7f. An old game of cards, from which whist 
is probably derived; trump. See ruff* and 
trump 3 , 2. 
The game that we will play at shall be called the tri- 
umph, which if it be well played at, he that dealeth shall 
win. Latimer, Sermons on the Card (Parker Soc.), i. 
8f. See the quotation and tarot. 
6492 
Tarotxhi, a kinde of playing cardes vsed in Italy, called 
terrestriall triumphes [var. called Tarockg, or terestriall 
triumphs, 1611J. Florio, 1598. 
To ride triumph, to be in full career ; ride rough-shod. 
" Tis some misfortune," quoth my uncle Toby. "That 
it is," cried my father, "to have so many jarring elements 
breaking loose, and riding triumph in every corner of a 
gentleman's house." 
Sterne, Tristram Shandy, iii. 157. (Dames.) 
= Syn. 5. Joy, Delight, etc. (see gladness), jubilee, jubila- 
tion. 
triumph (tri'umf, formerly also tri-umf), v. 
[< F. triompher = Pr. triomfar = Sp. triuiifar 
= Pg. triumphar = It. trionfare, trituifare, < L. 
triampkart, < triumplms, a triumph: see tri- 
umph, .] I. intrans. 1. To enjoy a triumph, 
as a victorious general; ride in a triumph; 
celebrate successful achievement. 
Wouldst thou have laugh'd had I come coffln'd home, 
That weep'st to see me triumph . Shak., Cor., ii. 1. 194. 
We wear 
The dignity of Christians on our breasts, 
And have a long time triumph'd for our conquests ; 
These conquer'd a long time, not triumph'd yet. 
Beau, and Fl., Knight of Malta, i. 1. 
2. To gain a victory ; achieve success; prevail. 
He did but climb the cross, and then came down 
To the gates of hell ; triumph'd, and fetch'd a crown. 
Qvarleg, Emblems, v. 3., Epig. 
Attired with stars, we shall for ever sit 
Triumphing over Death, and Chance, and thee, O Time. 
Milton, On Time, 1. 22. 
3. To rejoice for victory ; exult or boast. 
Let not mine enemies triumph over me. Ps. xxv. 2. 
How will he triumph, leap, and laugh at it ! 
Shak., L. L. L., iv. 3. 148. 
4f. To take a trick; trump. 
Except the four knaves entertain'd for the guards 
Of the kings and queens that triumph in the cards. 
B. Jonson, Fortunate Isles. 
5. To shine forth ; make a brilliant show. 
The clear unmatched red and white 
Which triumph'd in that sky of his delight. 
Shak., Lucrece, 1. 12. 
Il.t trans. 1. To succeed in overcoming; 
prevail over; subdue; conquer. 
Two and thirty legions that awe 
All nations of the triumph'd world. Massinger. 
2. To cause to triumph ; give victory to. 
He hath triumphed the name of his Christ ; he will bless 
the things he hath begun. 
Bp. Jewell, Works (Parker Soc.), II. 933. 
3. To exult over ; boast over. 
So oft they fell 
Into the same illusion, not as man, 
Whom they triumph'd, once laps'd. 
Milton, P. L., x. 572. 
triumphal (tri-um'fal), o. and w. [< F. triom- 
phal = Sp. triunfal "= Pg. triumphal = It. tri- 
unfale, trionfale, < L. triumphalis, pertaining to a 
triumph, < iriumphus, a triumph: see triumph.] 
1. a. Pertaining to triumph; commemorating 
or used in celebrating a triumph or victory : as, 
a triumphal crown or car; a triumphal march. 
On Ascension day the Duke . . . is rowed thither in the 
P.ucentoro, a triumphall galley, richly and exquisitely 
guilded. Sandys, Travailes, p. 2. 
Who [mighty menj have led Kings in chains after their 
Triumphal Chariots, and have been served by those whom 
others have adored. StiUingfleet, Sermons, II. iii. 
Triumphal arch. See archi. Triumphal column, 
among the Romans, an insulated column erected in com- 
memoration of a conqueror to whom had been decreed the 
honors of a triumph. It has been imitated in a few In- 
stances in modern times, as in the bronze column of the 
Place Venddme in Paris, set up in honor of Napoleon I. 
Triumphal crown, a laurel wreath awarded by the Ro- 
mans to a victorious general. Triumphal Hymn. Same 
as Sanctus, I. 
II. . It. A token of victory. 
So, struck with dread and anguish, fell the fiend ; 
And to his crew, that sat consulting, brought 
(Joyless triumphals of his hoped success) 
Ruin, and desperation, and dismay. 
Milton, P. R., iv. 678. 
2. An ode or song in celebration of victory or 
of peace ; a paean ; a hymn of rejoicing. 
Those [rejoicings] of victorie and peace are called Tri- 
umphall, whereof we our selues haue heretofore giuen 
some example by our Triumphals written in honour of her 
Mairst irs long peace. 
Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 37. 
Man, if triumphals here be in request, 
Then let them chaunt them that can chaunt them best. 
Peele, An Eclogue. 
triumphant (tri-um'fant), a. [< F. triomphant 
= Sp. triunfante = Pg. triumphante = It. trhni- 
fante, trionfante, < L. triumphan(t-')s, ppr. of tri- 
umphare, triumph: see triumph, v.] If. Cele- 
brating victory by a triumph, as a successful 
Roman general; also, used in, pertaining to, 
or appropriate to a triumph ; triumphal. 
Praise the gods. 
And make triumphant fires; strew flowers before them. 
Shale., Cor., v. 5. 3. 
triumvirate 
The King rideth on a triumphant cart or wagon all 
gilded. Hakluyt's Voyages, II. i. 236. 
The streets so broad that tenne men may ride in front, 
ind paued, adorned with many triumphant Arches, and 
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p! 436. 
shops on both sides. 
2. Rejoicing for or as for victory ; triumphing; 
exulting. 
Think you, but that I know our state secure, 
I would be so triumphant as I am? 
Shak., Rich. III., iii. 2. 84. 
3. Victorious ; successful ; graced with con- 
quest. 
His noble hand 
Did win what he did spend, and spent not that 
Which his triumphant father's hand had won. 
Shak., Rich. II., ii. 1. 181. 
He had slain men with his own hand, for aught I know ; 
certainly, they had fallen, like blades of grass at the 
sweep of the scythe, before the charge to which his spirit 
imparted its triumphant energy. 
Hawthorne, Scarlet Letter, Int., p. 24. 
4. Of supreme magnificence and beauty; glo- 
rious. 
She 's a most triumphant lady, if report be square to her. 
Shak., A. and C 1 ., ii. 2. 189. 
Church triumphant. See church. 
triumphantly (tri-um'fant-li), orfr. 1 . In a tri- 
umphant manner; in the manner of a victor; 
with the joy or exultation that proceeds from 
victory ; victoriously : often implying insolent 
triumph. 
Or did I bragge and boast triumphauntly , 
As who should saye the field were mine that daye? 
Gancoigne, Lookes of a Louer Forsaken. 
The King and Queen enter the Town [Calais] trium- 
phantly, and make their Abode there. 
llaker, Chronicles, p. 122. 
2+. Festively ; rejoicingly. 
Dance in Duke Theseus' house triumphantly, 
And bless it to all fair prosperity. 
Shak., M. N. D.,iv. 1. 94. 
triumpher (tri'um-fer), n. [< triumph + -er 1 .] 
1. One who triumphs or rejoices for victory; 
one who is victorious. 
Hee sayd Souldiours were the noblest estate of man- 
kinde, . . . triumphere both in Camps and Courts. 
Sir P. Sidney, Apol. for Poetrie. 
2. One who was honored with a triumph in 
Rome. 
August was dedicated to Augustus by the senate, be- 
cause in the same month he was the first time created con- 
sul, and thrice triumpher in Rome. Peacham, On Drawing. 
triumphingly (tri'um-fing-li), adv. In a tri- 
umphing manner ; with triumph or exultation. 
Triumphingly say, O Death, where is thy sting? 
Bp. Han, Remedy of Discontentment, I ii. 1. 
triumvir (tri-um'ver), n. ; pi. triumriri, trium- 
virs (-vi-ri, -verz). [< L. triumvir, < triitm, 
gen. of tres, three, + rir, man: see virile. Cf. 
duumvir, decemrir.} One of three men united 
in office ; specifically, in ancient Rome, a mem- 
ber of one of several groups of joint magistrates 
chosen for various purposes, as for establish- 
ing colonies, revising the lists of knights, guard- 
ing against fires by night, or to fill various ex- 
traordinary commissions on special occasions. 
Among the more important of these magistrates were the 
triumviri capitales, who were elected by the people, and 
whose duty it was to inquire into capital crimes, to arrest 
offenders, to superintend the prisons, and to cause the ex- 
ecution of condemned persons. They could punish sum- 
marily slaves and persons of the lowest class. See trium- 
virate. 
A man may compare Ecbatana of the Medes, Babylon 
on Euphrates, and Niniue on Tigris, to the Triumviri at 
Rome. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 77. 
triuniviral (tri-um'vi-ral), a. [< Mum rir + 
-<d.~\ Of or pertaining to a triumvir or a trium- 
virate. 
I am about to mount higher than triumviral tribunal, 
or than triumphal car. 
Landor, I mag. Conv., Lucullusand Ciesar. 
triumvirate (tri-um'vi-rat), n. [= F. triumri- 
rat = Pg. triumvirato = Sp. It. triunvirato, < L. 
triumriratus, the office or dignity of a triumvir, 
< triumvir, triumvir: see triumvir.'} 1. The of- 
fice or magistracy of a triumvir, specifically of 
one of the ancient Roman groups of triumviri. 
2. Government by three men in coalition. 
3. A group of three men in office or authority ; 
specifically, in Rom. hist., either the coalition 
(First Triumvirate) between Pompey, Julius 
Ciesar, and Crassus, GO B. c., which controlled 
the Roman world for several years, or that (Sec- 
ond Triitmrirate) between Mark Antony, Oc- 
tavian (Augustus), and Lepidus, 43 B. c., which 
overthrew the republican party and ordered the 
second proscription. In the latter Lepidus was soon 
practically deposed, and Antony and Octavian shared the 
power until the overthrow of the former, 31 B. C. 
Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin were a triumvirate 
which governed the country during eight years. 
;/. Adams, Gallatin, p. 274. 
