trode 
trode (trod), . [A var. of trod, trade 1 .'] Foot- 
ing ; path. [Obsolete or prov. Eng.] 
In humble dales is footing fast, 
The trode is not so tickle. 
Spenser, Shep. Cal., July. 
trogerite (tre'ger-It), n. [< Troger (see def .) + 
-'fe 2 .] A hydrous arseniate of uranium, occur- 
ring in thin tabular crystals of a lemon-yellow 
color: named after B. Troger, an inspector of 
mines at Neustiidtel in Saxony. 
troggin (trog'in), n. [Cf. truck, truck 1 .'] Small 
wares. Burns, An Excellent New Song. 
[Scotch.] 
troggS (trogz), n. pi. [Cf. troggin.] Duds; 
clothes. [Scotch.] 
"By my troggs," replied Christie, " I would have thrust 
my lance down his throat." Scott, Monastery, xiv. 
troglodyte (trog'lo-dit), a. and u. [Formerly 
also troglodite; < F. troglodyte = Pg. troglodyhi 
= Sp. It. troglodita, < L. troglodyta, only in pi. 
Troglodytes, frogodytm (as a proper name), < Gr. 
TpuyAodi'Trif, cave-dweller, lit. 'one who creeps 
into holes,' < rpuy/ir/, hole, cave, + 6vsa>, enter, 
creep into.] I. a. Inhabiting caverns; cave- 
dwelling; cavernicolous; spelaean; troglodytic: 
specifically noting human beings, apes, and 
birds. 
II. n. 1. A cave-dweller; a caveman; one 
who lives in a naturally formed cavity in the 
rocks, or, by extension, one who has his abode 
in a dwelling-place of that kind, whether con- 
structed by enlarging a natural cave or by 
making an entirely new excavation. The word 
troglodyte is rarely used except in translating from the 
classic authors, or in discussions with regard to the nature 
of the people so denominated by them, or as applied to 
members of some prehistoric tribes, as those of the Medi- 
terranean caves near Mentone, in Italy. Caves were nat- 
ural places of refuge and residence in the early stages of 
man's development, and were very frequently thus occu- 
pied by various prehistoric races, as has been proved by 
explorations made in different parts of the world. These 
explorations have in numerous instances revealed the ex- 
istence of human remains mingled with implements and 
ornaments made by the hand of man, together with the 
bones of living and extinct species of animals, the whole 
occurring in such a way as to prove beyond a doubt that 
they were contemporaneous. Several classic authors 
among whom are Herodotus, Aristotle, Strabo, and Pliny 
speak of the troglodytes, and give this name to cave- 
dwellers in various rather vaguely designated regions. 
Cave-dwellers still live in a few places in the United 
States, as some of the Yavasupai Indians in caves In the 
side caflons of the Colorado river. 
Q. Are there still any troglodytes, or inhabitants of caves, 
and are they numerous ? 
A. The district between Marsa Susa and Cyrene is full 
of caverns in the very heart of the mountains, into which 
whole families get by means of ropes ; and many are born, 
live, and die, in these dens, without ever going out of them. 
W. H. Smyth, The Mediterranean, p. 497. 
Palaeolithic man was unquestionably a true troglodyte, 
the caves which he is known to have inhabited being very 
numerous. J. OeUde, Prehistoric Europe, p. 19. 
2. Hence, one living in seclusion; one unac- 
quainted with the affairs of the world. Satur- 
day Rev. 3. In. mammal., an anthropoid ape 
of the genus Troglodytes, as the chimpanzee or 
the gorilla, especially the former, which was 
earlier known to naturalists and was called Si- 
mia troglodytes. The name is actually a misnomer, 
arising from some confounding or comparing of these apes 
with peoples who in ancient times were called troglodytes. 
See Troglodytes, 2, and cute under chimpanzee and go- 
rilla. 
4. In ornith., a wren of the genus Troglodytes 
or family Troglodytidse. The term is a misno- 
mer, since no wrens live in caves. 
Troglodytes (trog-lod'i-tez), n. [NL. : see trog- 
lodyte.^ 1. laornith.: (a) Agenusofwrens.type 
of the family Troglodytidse, based by Vieillot in 
1807 on T. aedon. The type is taken to be the common 
wren of Europe, T. europ&us or T. parvulus, formerly Syl- 
via troglodytes. The name, erroneous in fact, was changed 
by Rennie in 1831 to Anorthura. It has been used by differ- 
ent writers for nearly all the birds of the family Troglo- 
Wiiitcr Wren (Troglodytes hitmalis). 
6490 
dytidie (and for some others). Thus, the common winter 
wren of the United States is T. tiiemalis ; the house- wren, 
T. ai ; don ; the great Carolina wren was T. ludovicianus ; 
Bewick's wren, T. bewicki; the long-billed marsh-wren, T. 
pahatril; the short-billed marsh-wren, T. brevirostris. 
The last four named are now placed in other genera. See 
cuts under marsh-wren and Thryothorw. (ftf) In the 
form Trogloditcs, a Linuean name (1744) of 
humming-birds, later (1748-06) called Trochilus. 
Compare similar confusion of trocliilus, 1 (6) 
and (c). 2. In mammal., a genus of anthropoid 
apes, instituted by Isidore Geoffroy St. Hilaire 
after 1807, containing the chimpanzee, T. niger, 
and the gorilla, T. gorilla. The generic name being 
preoccupied in ornithology, and therefore strictly unti'ii- 
able in mammalogy, this genus was called Mimetes Ijy 
Leach in 1819, and afterward AnUtropopUfueta by De Blain- 
ville; but Trnylodytes is still much used. See cuts under 
chimpanzee and gorilla. 
troglodytic (trog-lo-dit'ik), . [< L. troglodyti- 
cus, < Gr. Tpuy'/MdvriKof, pertaining to a cave- 
dweller, < TpuyTioSvrrif, a cave-dweller, troglo- 
dyte : see troglodyte.] Of or pertaining to the 
troglodytes or cave-dwellers ; relating to or 
having the habits of the cave-dwellers. 
The dwelling-places or the burial vaults of a troglodytic 
tribe closely akin to the Guanches of the Canaries. 
The Academy, No. 891, p. 370. 
troglqdytical (trog-lo-dit'i-kal), a. [< trog- 
lodytic + -al.'] Troglodytic in character or 
habits; relating to the troglodytes or cave- 
dwellers. 
Troglodytidae (trog-lo-dit'i-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Troglodytes + -idee.] In ornith., a family of 
oscine passerine birds, whose typical genus is 
Troglodytes; the wrens. The family is of no fixed 
limit or satisfactory definition. The birds referred to it, 
in its usual acceptation, are mainly American, and very nu- 
merous in tropical and subtropical America. These are 
well distinguished from most New World passerines, ex- 
cepting from the mocking-birds, thrashers, and the like, 
toward which they grade so closely, through such forms 
as the cactus-wrens, for example, that they have often 
been associated with them in the family Liotrichidse (the 
mockers, etc., being then removed from Turdidte to en- 
ter into this association). But the Old World wren-like 
birds have so many and varied relationships that they 
have thus far proved entirely unmanageable. The whole 
of them, therefore, together with the American forms, 
have been thrown in the ornithological waste-basket 
(Timeliidse). See wren, and cuts under Campylorhyn- 
chus, marsh-wren, Pnoepyga, rock-wren, Tesia, Thryotho- 
rus, and Troglodytes. 
Troglodytinae (trog-lod-i-ti'ne), n. pi. [NL., < 
Troglodytes + -inte.] The wrens, most properly 
so called: (a) As one of the restricted groups 
of Troglodytidie, when the latter name is used 
in a broad sense. (6) As a subfamily of Lio- 
trichidse or of Timeliidee. 
troglodytism (trog'lo-dit-izm), n. [< troglodyte 
+ -ismj The 
state or con- 
dition of trog- 
lodytes ; the 
habit of liv- 
ing in caves. 
See troglo- 
dyte. 
Trogon (tro'- 
gon), n. [NL., 
< Gr. Tpuyuv, 
ppr. of rpu- 
yeiv, gnaw, 
chew.] 1. 
A genus of 
birds, type 
of the fam- 
ily Trogoni- 
dse, formerly 
conterminous 
with the 
same, subse- 
quently vari- 
ously restrict- 
ed. 2. [I. c.] Any bird of the genus 
Trogon in a broad sense, as a curucui 
or quetzal. The most brilliant and splendid 
of these birds, and one of the most gorgeous of 
all the feathered tribes, is the famous quetzal, 
or sacred bird, of the ancient inhabitants of 
Central America, variously known as the 
long-tailed, paradise-, or peacock-trogon, 
Trogon paradiseus, T. pavoninus, Calurus 
resplendens, Pharcmacrus mocinno, and by 
other names. The body is about as large 
as a pigeon's, but the long upper tail- 
coverts project beyond the tail for two 
feet or more, forming a graceful spray- 
like train. The bird is rich golden- 
green above, and mostly bright-crim- 
son below. 
Trogonidae (tvo-gon'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Tro- 
gon- + -idse.~\ The only family of heterodacty- 
lous and heteropelmous birds, belonging to the 
order Picariee; the trogous or curucuis. They 
Aii African type of Trogomda {Hapalocterma 
constantia). 
Troic 
are very beautiful birds, including about 50 species inhab- 
iting tropical and subtropical countries of both hemi- 
spheres, most nu- 
merous in the Ne- 
otropical, leas so 
in the Oriental, 
and least so in the 
Ethiopian region. 
A principal tech- 
nical character is 
the structure of 
the feet ; for, 
though many oth- 
er birds are yoke- 
toed or zygoduc- 
tyl, in all except 
the trogons the 
first and fourth 
toes are reversed, 
in trogons the first 
and second ; and 
this character is 
correlated with 
the heteropel- 
mous disposition 
of the flexor ten- 
dons of the digits. 
In the skull ba- 
sipterygoids are 
present and the 
palate is desmognathous, the sternum is double-notched 
on each side behind, there is only one carotid (sinistral), 
Cffica are present, the oil-gland is nude, the pterylosis is 
somewhat passerine, there are large aftershafts of the 
contour-feathers, and these feathers are peculiarly soft 
and of brilliant hues. The trogons inhabit the depths of 
the forest, and are both frugivorous and insectivorous. 
The African type of trogons is the genus Hapaloderma; 
the Oriental is Harpactes; the West Indian forms are 
Priotelus and Temnotrogon. The more numerous trogons 
of continental America have a characteristic coloration, 
the upper parts being green or brown, and the lower red 
or yellow with a white throat-bar. There are several gen- 
era of these besides Trogon, including Pharomacrus. One 
species, T. ainbiguus, extends over the Mexican border 
of the United States in Arizona. See cut under Trogon. 
trogonoid (tro'go-noid), a. [< trogon + -aid.] 
Resembling a trogon ; belonging to the Trogo- 
noidese. 
Trogonoidese (tro-go-noi'de-e), H. pi. [NL., < 
Trogon + -oidese.~] The trogons as a superfam- 
ily of picarian birds, characterized by being het- 
erodactylous and heteropelmoug : a needless 
synonym of Heterodactylse. Stejneger, 1885. 
Trogonophidae (tro-go-nof'i-de), n. pi. [< Tro- 
gpnopliis + -idse.~] A family of ophiosaurian 
lizards, typified by the genus Trogonophis, and 
characterized by the acrodont dentition and the 
absence of fore limbs. 
Trogonophis (tro-gon'o-fis), n. [NL. (Kaup), 
< Gr. rpuyuv (see Trogon) + 6<t>tc, a snake.] A 
genus of snake-like lizards destitute of limbs, 
typical of the family TrogonopTiidee. 
Trogosita (tro-go-si ; ta), n. [NL. (Olivier, 1790), 
< Gr. Tpuyciv, gnaw, + airof, corn, grain.] A 
cosmopolitan genus of clavicorn beetles, typi- 
cal of the family Trogositidee. They have the eyes 
transverse, the tibite not spinous, and the thorax trun- 
Trogosita corticatis. 
a, larva ; c, its mandible ; d, antenna ; e, under side of the head ; 
f, the two-horned anal plate ; b. the beetle ; ft, its antenna ; i, the 
mandible ; $, labium and its palpi ; >, cne of the maxilla: and its 
palpus. (Lines show natural sizes of a and *.) 
cate at the apex, with the lateral margin deflexed at the 
middle. About 50 species are known. T. (Tenebrioides) 
mauritanica is a common cosmopolitan species found in 
stored grain. T. (Tenebrioides) corticalis is American. Also 
Troyosites. 
TrogOSitidaB (tro-go-sit'i-de),n.y. [NL. (Kir- 
by, 1837), < Trogosita + -idse.] A family of 
clavicorn beetles, allied to the Nitidiilidie, but 
separated by the slender tarsi, whose first joint 
is short. The family contains two groups, members of 
the first of which are elongate, with the prothorax nar- 
rowed behind, those of the second rounded and somewhat 
flattened. About 160 species are known, of which nearly 
50 inhabit the United States ; many are found under bark, 
and others live in fungi. 
trogue (trog), . [A var. of trough.] A wooden 
trough. [North. Eng.] 
Troic (tro'ik), a. [< L. Troicns, < Gr. Tpui'/cdf, 
of or pertaining to Troy, < Tp<jf, a Trojan; 
cf . Tpadf, the Troad, L. Troia, Troja, Troy.] Of 
or pertaining to ancient Troy or the Troas; 
Trojan; relating to the Trojan war. Glad- 
stone. 
