troopial 
name, originating \sith Ki-.-iirh nat uralists, of 
tliusc- Ami-ricaii ltlackl>ird> i l< '< / "'.' i which go 
in (li)i-ks. Tlir) :ue mo-tl) th.- niiirsh blackbirds, of 
tin- siihf;ilnilii^ .1 /./.< fa tin r ' 
troopial, rod-wingeo 1 l.hirkl.inl ;ui'l n HU l.!:trkl.ii.l ur pur 
ph gniekle. 'I'll, term extends to the whole family, and 
0ms includes the American orioles or hangnesta, as tho 
Itiiltimore and the orchard orioles. The bint here figured 
is one of the orioles ; it is le trouputle of liriss.m, the type 
species of his genus Icterut (see Icterus, 3), from which 
the family fcteridff is named. The male Is jet-black and 
rich-yellow In large massed areas, varied with white on 
tho wings. This troopial is native of tropical America, 
and is often seen in cages. See also cute under Agelmimt, 
cow-bird, crow-blackbird, and rusty. 
troop-mealt (trop'mel), adv. [< troop + -meal 
as in piiTi 'm<-iil, etc.] By troops; in crowds. 
Sn trta,i- ii,,-iil,- Troy pursu'd awhile, laying on with swords 
and darts. Chapman, Iliad, xvIL 634. 
troop-ship (trop'ship), . A ship for the con- 
veyance of troops ; a transport. 
In that terrible storm off the Cape, in September, 1824, 
... I certainly did suffer most cruelly on that horrible 
troop-ship. Thackeray, Philip, xvi 
troostite (tros'tit), n. [Named from Dr. G. 
Troost, of Nashvillej Tennessee.] A variety of 
the zinc silicate willemite, occurring in hex- 
agonal crystals of a reddish color. It contains 
considerable manganese. 
tropaeolin (tro-pe'o-lin), . [< Tropxolum + 
-iii' 2 .] The general name of a number of orange 
dyes of very complex composition. They are 
sulplmnic acids. 
Tropaeolum (tro-pe'o-lum), . [NL. (Lin- 
neeus, 1737), < Gr. rpoKaiof, of a turning or baria. 
i.t9 
Your occasional tnpn and Bower* aolt the general 
oovMiwaaof your itjrle M Umboor sprigs would a HI..IH..I 
of llliKjl.wonbejr. SOttriilan, frilir, I. I 
I i"l>ri are good to clothe a naked truth, 
And make It look more seemly. 
Tennyma, Queen Mary, III. 4. 
2. In Gregorian mwric, a short cadence or C!OH- 
iiiK formula by which particular melodies are 
distinguished. Also called ilitfi fi utiii mid dix- 
tiiii-tin. S. In liliirt/ii-x. n phrase, sentence, or 
verse occasionally accompanying r interpo- 
lated in the' introit, Kyrie, (iloria in Kxcel.sis, 
Sunct n-. and Agnus Dei in different parts of tho 
Western Church. Since the sixteenth century 
tropes have no longer been used. 4. A geo- 
metrical singularity, the reciprocal of a node. 
In the .-use of a plane curve, It i> a multiple tangent; In 
the caae of a tone, a multiple plane ; in the cane of a sur- 
face, cither a plane having a conic of contact or a tone 
bearing two or more lines of contact =8yn. 1. See rimilr. 
tropelt, fMK. tri,H, < OF. tropel, later Imu- 
peati, a troop, dim, of trope, troop: sea trooj>.~\ 
A troop. Harbour, Bruce, xiii. 275. 
troper ( t i-6'per), n. [< ME. tropere, < AS. tropere, 
< ML. troparium, troparion (also tropariux), a 
book of tropes, < tropus, a trope, versicle : see 
//"/!<, 3.] An office-book formerly used in the 
Western Church, containing the tropes and se- 
quences. See trope, 3. Also tropary, tropcrium. 
Tropere (or ympner, H. or an hymnar, P.), Troparius 
(hymnariua, P.). Prompt. Pan., p. 60S. 
trophesial (tro-fe'i-al), a. [< trophesy + -al.] 
Noting disorder of the nervous function which 
regulates nutrition. 
trophesy (trof'e-si), n.; pi. trophesics (-eiz). 
[Irreg. < Or. rpixfrr/, nourishment, + -sy, appar. 
taken from dropsy, palsy, etc., with a vague 
notion that it denotes a morbid state.] The 
result of a disorder of the nerve-force regulat- 
ing nutrition. 
Eicessivc thought, without anxiety, uses up the ma- 
terials subservient to sensory excitation. . . . but exces- 
sive thought, with mental anxiety, care, and pain, as grief, 
Is much more exhausting, and therefore more commonly 
followed by trophesiet. E. C. Mann, Psychol. Med., p. 349. 
trophi (tro'fi), n.pl. [NL., < Gr. Tpojof, a feeder, 
nurse, < rpiQeiv, nourish, feed.] 1. In en torn., 
those mouth-parts which are employed in tak- 
ing food and preparing it for swallowing. The 
trophi Include the lithium, labrum, maxilla;, mandibles, 
ana lingua. They were formerly called instrumenta ci- 
change: see trophy.'] A genus of polypetalous 
plants, of the order Geraniaccx, distinguished 
from Pelargonium, the other genus of the tribe 
Pelargoniese, by its solitary ovules and indehis- 
cent carpels without beaks. There are about 40 
species, all natlvesof South Americaor Mexico. They are 
climbers or rarely diffuse herbs, bearing alternate lobed or 
dissected loaves which are peltate or palmately angled. 
The flowers are red, orange, or yellow, rarely purple or 
blue. They are solitary in the axils, often on long pedun- 
cles, and arc followed by a fruit of three rugose indehls- 
cent carpels, pervaded by a pungent principle, as Is the 
whole plant, and sometimes used as pickles. Many spe- 
cies are cultivated for ornament under the name nastur- 
tium, especially T. majus, also known as Indian erect and 
tnrlc'ft-hfcl. For T. pereyrinutn, see canary-bird flower, un- 
der ranarii-bird. See nasturtium, 2, and cut under spur, i 
troparion (tro-pa'ri-on), n. ; pi. Iroparia (-8). 
[< LGr. rpmapiov, a modulation, short hymn, 
stanza, dim. of rpoTrnf, a musical mode.] In 
the Gr. Ch., a short hymn or a stanza of a hymn. 
This name is given to the stanzas of the odes of a canon 
(an initial and model stanza being, however, called a 
hirmoa\ and in general to any of the short hymns which 
alwmnd in the offices of the Greek Church. 
trope (trop), H. [< F. trope = 8p. Pg. It. tropo, 
< L. tropits, a figure in rhetoric, a song, ML. a 
versicle,< Gr. rpoVof, a turn, way, manner, style, 
a tropo or-figure of speech, a mode in music, a 
mode or mood in logic, < rptnetv, turn, = L. 
"treperc (trnpit), turn. Cf. troper, trorer, trouba- 
ilniir.] 1. Qtnwt, a figurative use of a word; 
a word or expression used in a different sense 
from that which properly belongs to it, or a 
word changed from its original signification to 
another for the sake of giving spirit or empha- 
sis to an idea, as when we call a stupid fellow 
an ass, or a shrewd man a fox. Tropes are chiefly 
of four kinds : metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and 
irony ; but to these may be added allegory, prosopoprela, 
hyperbole, antonomasia, and some others. Tropes are in- 
cluded under figures in the wider sense of that word. In 
a narrower sense, a trope is a change of meaning, and a flg- 
llre any ornament except what becomes so by such change. 
Is not the trope of music, to avoid or slide from the 
close or cadence, common with the trope of rhetoric, of 
tirreiving expectation? 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, it 
\Vee ;u-kn.ulc<lire and beleeve the Catholick reformed 
church, and if any man be dispos'd to use a trope or fig- 
ure, us Saint Paul once did in calling her the common 
Mother of us all, let him doe as his owne ruthorick shall 
perswade him. Milton, On Def. of Humb. Remonst 
2. The teeth of the mastax or pharynx of ro- 
tifers; the calcareous mastacial armature of 
wheel-animalcules. They are diversiform and often 
complicated structures. Named parts of the trophi are 
a median incudal piece, or Incus, consisting of a central 
fulcrum and a pair of mini, and two hammer-like pieces, 
the malleoli, each consisting of a handle or manubrlnm 
and a head or minis, which is often pectinate. 
trophic (trof'ik), a. [< Gr. rpo^r/, nourishment, 
nutrition, food (< Tptfeiv, nourish), + -c.] Of 
or pertaining to nourishment or nutrition ; con- 
cerned in nutritive processes. 
If the trophic series he abnormal, the kinetic series is apt 
to be abnormal F. Warner, Physical Expression, p. 278. 
The ganglia upon the dorsal roots of the myelonal nerve 
trunks seem to preside in some way over the nutrition of 
those roots, and are therefore said to have a trophic action. 
Wader and Gage, Anat Tech., p. 371. 
Trophic center, a nerve-center that regulates nutrition. 
Trophic nerve, a nerve which directly influence* the 
nutrition of the tissue to which it goes. 
trophical (trof'i-kal), a. [< trophic + -at.] 
Same as trophic. fRare.] 
trqphied(tro'fid),a. [(trophy 4-ed 2 .] Adorned 
with trophies. 
Some greedy minion, or Imperious wife, 
The trophied arches, storied halls invade, 
And haunt their slumbers In the pompous shade. 
Pope, Essay on Man, iv. 903. 
Trophis (tro'fis), n. [NL. (Linnaeus, 1763), so 
named because its leaves and twigs are used 
in Jamaica as fodder; < Gr. lyxtyif, well-fed, < 
rpffetv, nourish, feed.] A genus of plants, of 
the order Urticacex, tribe Morex, and subtribe 
Kumonie. It Is characterized by dioecious flowers, the 
female tubular and disposed In few-flowered spikes, the 
male in loose or interrupted spikes. There are 5 or fl spe- 
cies, all American, occurring in the West Indies, Mexico, 
and the Andes. They are trees or shrubs with alternate 
petioled leaves, which are finely and conspicuously feather- 
veined and reticulated. The flowers are sessile or nearly 
so, their spikes solitary or twin in the axils, the fertile 
followed by a globose fleshy fruit closely united with the 
perianth-tube and crowned by its minute border. For T. 
Americana, see ramoon. 
trophoblast (trof'o -blast), . [< Gr. rpo^, 
nourishment, + i))aor6f, a germ.] An external 
epiblastic layer that does not enter into the 
formation of the embryo, but does take an ac- 
tive part in nutritional processes intended for 
it; the blastocystic ectoderm. 
trophosphere 
If we aura; to drop all UMK [old narurnl where the 
!.! inummaU an concerned, and henceforth to deilg 
M .11. Hi.' ..ntcr layer alone u tropluMaft, the outer layrr 
plui a thin layer of somatic meaubuut without }.|..! 
veaaels idiplotropboblmit( V. lia.-r net' 
tin- p'.rli'.n of the .ljj.l..lr<.|.huldMt aKalnt hi.li tin 
yolk-sac with Its area vaacuwM adhere* a* oniphaloidean 
iti|ilotrophnhlat, that against which the allaubiU doe* 
the same a* allanUildeaii <li|.|..tr..|ili..lilat, then we have 
avoided mUundpntandlngs that might arise (n.in the in- 
discriminate use of the term chorioti. 
;/..'.,../,/. (jurt. Jour. Micros. Scl., N. a, XXX. 383. 
trophoblastic f 1 1 of-o-i>in.s't ik ),</. | < '/../>/ 
+ -ic. J ( >f the nature of a I ropholilasl : pertain- 
ing to trophoblaxlH. ','"" r ' '""' "" ''"* Set., 
N. s., EQL ML 
trophocalyx (trof'o-ka-likB), M. [< tir. rpofiy, 
nourishment, + mi'/i-s, a calyx : nee calys.] See 
Irii/'hiifjili' n . 
trophodiak (trof'o-disk), . [< Gr. rpoaV/, nour- 
ishment, + oYo-Koc, quoit, disk : see itixl;. \ S< 
trnpltitxphfrf. 
tropholecithal (trof-o-]es'i-thal), (I. [< troi>li<>- 
lii-illnix + -nl.\ Of the nature of or pertain- 
ing to the tropholecithus; trophic or nutritive, 
ae yolk. 
tropholecithus (trof-o-les'i-thus), . [NL., < 
Gr. Tympr/, nourishment, + '/imHur, the yolk of 
an egg.] In embryol., the food-yolk, or nutri- 
tive yolk; the vitellusniitritivuH of a meroblax- 
tic e^g, not undergoing segmentation, as dis- 
tinguished from the morpholecithux, or true for- 
mative yolk. 
The nutritive yelk, . . . or tropkoheithni, . . . Is a mere 
appendage of the true egg-cell, and contains hoarded food- 
substance, so that It forms a sort of storehouse for the 
embryo in the course of Its evolution. 
llaecM, Evol. of Man (trans. X I. 210. 
trophoneurosis (trof'o-nu-ro'sis), .; pi. tropho- 
neurows (-sez). [NL..'< dr. rpotf, nourishment, 
4- NL. neurosis, q. v.J The disturbance of the 
nutrition of a part through derangement of 
the trophic action of nerves supplying it. See 
trophopathy and trophcsy.jtonfoerg'B tropho- 
neurosls. facial hemlatrophy. 
trophoneurotic (trof'o-nu-rot'ik), a. [< tnmko- 
neurosis (-of-) + -ic.~\ Pertaining to or of the 
nature of trophoneurosis. 
Trophonian (tro-fo'ni-an), a. [< Gr. Tpo^uwof, 
Trophonius (see def. )," + -aw.] Pertaining to 
Trophonius, a mythical Grecian architect, or 
his cave or his architecture. Trophonius was said 
to be the Inspired builder of the original temple of Apol- 
lo at Delphi, and part of the structure of the adytum 
of the historical temple was held to hare survived from 
his work. After his death he was worshiped a* a god, 
and had a famous oracle In a cavern near Lebadla In 
Iteotia. 
trophopathy (tro-fop'a-thi), . [< Gr. rpofii, 
nourishment, + iriifloj, suffering.] Perversion 
of the nutrition of some tissue. 
trophophore (trof o-for), . [< Gr. rpn^ii, nour- 
ishment, + ftpetv = E. 6earl.] One of the wan- 
dering nutritive amo>bifprm cells of sponges 
which accumulate in the inhalent passages and 
ciliated chambers of the sponge, and from which 
gemmules or embryos are formed. 
trophophorous (tro-fof'o-rus), a. (< tropko- 
pliore + -ous. ] Of the nature of trophophores ; 
pertaining to trophophores. 
trophoplast (trof'o-plast), . [< Gr. 
nourishment, + >rXo<rrof, verbal adj. of irZ 
mold or form in clay, wax, etc.: see plastic.] In 
hot., a plastid. Meyer. 
Each protoplast possesieii the organs necessary for con- 
tinuous transmission : the nucleus for new nuclei, the 
trnphoplasti for new granules of all kinds, according to 
the needs of the plant. .-icience, XIV. 356. 
trophosomal(trof'6-s6-mal), a. [< trophosome 
+ -al.] Nutritive, as an aggregate of gastro- 
zodids ; forming or pertaining to a trophosome. 
trophosome (trof 'o-som), . [< Gr. Tpo+r/, nour- 
ishment, + aufia, body.] The body of nutritive 
zodids of any hydrozoan ; an aggregate of gas- 
trozo6ids forming a colony of polyjjites which 
do not develop free generative persons: dis- 
tinguished from (/""""'""". both being among 
the parts of an entire hydrosome. Allmnn. 
trophpsperm (trof'6-sperm), n. [< Gr. Tpo+i/, 
nourishment, + a-irtp/ia, seed.] In bot., same 
as trophospermium. 
trophospermium (trof-d-sper'mi-um), . [NL. : 
see trophoxpcrm.] In 'hot., same as placenta. 
1,'ii-l/nril. 
trophosphere (trof'o-sfer), . [< Gr. rpoti, 
nourishment, 4- afaipa. a sphere.] In embryol., 
a zone of modified cellular tissue interposed 
between the decidiial stroma and the blasto- 
cy>t. formed of the trophoblastic (embrj-onal) 
ami tro]ihospon^ian (maternal) layers. It Is so 
called In Krinaceus, where it is of a spherical shape, bat 
In other mammals it may be called tropttodUt, trvplutcalyx, 
