trophosphere 
etc., according to its shape. Quart. Jour. Micros. Sci., 
N. S., XXX. 322. 
trophospongia (trof-o-spou'ji-ii), . [< Gr. 
rpoyri, nourishment, + anoyyta, a sponge.] In 
embryoL, a compact cell-layer between the 
trophoblast and the decidual tissue ; the mater- 
nal layer of the trophosphere in Erinaceus, or 
of a corresponding part in other Mammalia. 
trophotropic (trof-o-trop'ik), a. [< Gr. Tpotyr/, 
nourishment, + Tpemiv, turn.] In bot., exhib- 
iting or characterized by trophotropism. 
trophotropism (trof'o-tro-pizm), n. [< tropho- 
trop-ic + -ism.] In bot., the phenomena in- 
duced in a growing organ by the influence of 
the chemical nature of its environment, as 
when plasmodia that are spread out on sur- 
faces which yield little or no nutriment move 
toward bodies which contain nutrient sub- 
stances. De Bury. 
trophozooid (trof-o-zo'oid), n. [< Gr. rpoi^rj, 
nourishment, + E. zooid.] A nutritive zob'id 
of any organism; a gastrozooid. See tropho- 
some. Encyc. Brit., XXIII. 615. 
trophy (tro'fi), n. ; pi. trophies (-fiz). [Early 
mod. E. tropliie, trophee, < OF. trophee, F. tro- 
phee = Pg. tropheo = Sp. It. trofeo, < L. trophee- 
um, prop, tropeenni, a sign of victory, a vic- 
tory, a mark, sign, monument, < Gr. rpoTmiov, 
a monument of an enemy's defeat, a trophy, 
neut. of TpoTralof, Attic rp6vaio(, of defeat, of 
change or turning, < Tpmr/, defeat, rout, put- 
ting to flight, lit. 'a turning' (hence also the 
solstice), < -rptvuv, turn: see trope, tropic.] 1. 
In antiq., a monument or memorial in com- 
memoration of a victory. It consisted of some of 
the arms and other spoils of the vanquished enemy hung 
upon the trunk of a tree or a pillar or upright by the vic- 
tor, either on the field of battle or in his home city. If 
for a naval victory, the trophy was set up on the nearest 
land. The custom of erecting trophies was most general 
among the Greeks, but it passed at length to the Romans. 
It was the practice also to have representations of trophies 
carved in stone, bronze, etc. In modern times trophies 
have been dedicated (see def. 2), in churches and other 
public buildings, to commemorate victories. See cut un- 
der Nike. 
And thou thy selfe (0 Saul), whose Conquering hand 
Had yerst with Tropheis filled all the Land, 
As far as Tigris, from the laphean Sea. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Trophies. 
And trophies, reared of spoiled enemies, 
Whose tops pierced through the clouds and hit the skies. 
B. Jonson, Prince Henry's Barriers. 
2. Anything taken and preserved as a memo- 
rial of victory, as arms, flags, or standards cap- 
tured from an enemy. 
And for a trophy brought the Giant's coat away, 
Made of the beards of Kings. 
Drayton, Polyolbion, iv. 317. 
Over the chimney-piece was a small mirror, and above 
that the trophy of a fox's brush. 
Bvlwer, Kenelm Chillingly, ii. 9. 
3. Something regarded as a memorial or evi- 
denee of victory ; a prize. 
This is that famoused trophy which Philip would have 
his son Alexander in the games of Olympus to wrestle for. 
Ford, Honour Triumphant, ii. 
4. A memorial ; a memento. 
The mere word 's a slave 
Debosh'd on every tomb, on every grave 
A lying trophy. Shak., All's Well, ii. 3. 146. 
At one point we met a party, women among them, bring- 
ing off various trophies they had picked up on the battle 
field. 0. W. Holmes, Old Vol. of Life, p. 40. 
5. An ornamental group of objects, such as 
weapons, memorials of the chase, or flags, ar- 
ranged on a wall, or a 
symbolic or typical 
grouping of exhibits at 
an exposition or the 
like ; also, in decoration, 
a representation of such 
a group. See trophy dec- 
oration, under decora- 
tion. 
His gorget, sash, and sabre 
of the Horse Marines, with 
his boot-hooks underneath in 
a trophy. 
Thackeray, Book of Snobs, 
(xxvi. 
Confiding customers lent 
them silver plate, and wo- 
men's taste and a few ribbons 
make a gorgeous trophy. 
J. Ashton, Social Life in Reign 
[of Queen Anne, II. 160. 
trophy-cress (tro'fi- 
kres), n. Same as tro- 
phy-wort. 
trophy-lock (tro'fi-lok), 
n. A lock of hair cut 
from the head of a slain enemy, used to adorn 
a weapon or shield. 
6500 
trophy-money (tr6'fl-mun"i), n. A duty for- 
merly paid annually in England by house- 
keepers toward providing harness, drums, 
colors, etc., for the militia. 
trophy-wort (tro'fi-wert), n. The Indian cress, 
Tropfeolum. Also trophy-cress. 
tropic (trop'ik), a. and n. [< OF. (and F.) tro- 
piqiie = Pr. tropic = Sp. tropico = Pg. It. tropico 
(cf. D. G-. tropisch = Sw. Dan. tropisk, a.), < LL. 
tropicus, of or pertaining to the solstice (Capri- 
cornus tropicus, the tropic of Capricorn), as a 
noun, one of the tropics; < Gr. rpoTmrff, of or 
pertaining to a turn or change, or the sol- 
stice, or a trope or figure, tropic, tropical; as 
a noun, 6 TpoiuKog (sc. /diKAOf), the solstice, pi. 
oi rpmriKol (sc, KVK/MI), the tropic circles ; < Tpoirr/, 
a turn, turning, solstice, trope: see trope.] I. 
a. Pertaining to the tropics (the regions so 
called); tropical. 
II. n. If. The turning-point; a solstitial 
point. 
This signe of Capricorne is also cleped the tropik of 
wyntur, for thanne bygynneth the sonne to come agayn 
to us-ward. Chaucer, Astrolabe, 1. 17. 
How that the Sun performing his course in the winter 
Tropick, and exhaling much moysture from Nilus, dimin- 
isheth him contrary to his nature. Sandys, Travailes, p. 77. 
2. In astroti., one of two circles on the celestial 
sphere whose distances from the equator are 
each equal to the obliquity of the ecliptic, or 
23| nearly. The northern one touches the ecliptic at 
the sign Cancer, and is thence called the tropic of Cancer, 
the southern one being for a similar reason called the 
tropic of Capricorn. The sun's annual path in the heavens 
is bounded by these two circles, and they are called tropics 
because when the sun, in his journey northward or south- 
ward, reaches either of them, he, as it were, turns back, 
and travels in an opposite direction in regard to north and 
south. 
3. In geog., one of two parallels of latitude, 
each at the same distance from the terrestrial 
equator as the celestial tropics are from the 
celestial equator that is, about 23J. The one 
north of the equator is called the tropic of Cancer, and 
that south of the equator the tropic of Capricorn. Over 
these circles the sun is vertical when his declination is 
greatest, and they include the part of the globe called the 
torrid zone a zone 47 in width, having the equator for its 
central line. 
4. pi. With the definite article : the regions ly- 
ing between the tropics of Cancer and Capri- 
corn, or near them on either side. Malignant 
fever of the tropics. See f evert . 
tropical (trop'i-kal), a. [< tropic + -al.] 1. 
Of or pertaining ito the tropics ; being within 
the tropics; characteristic of the tropics or of 
the climate of the tropics. 2. In zoogeog., 
inhabiting the tropics ; tropicopolitan. 3. In- 
cident to the tropics: as, tropical diseases. 
4. (X trope.] Figurative ; rhetorically changed 
from its proper or original sense. 
Therefore are many things delivered rhetorically, many 
expressions therein merely tropical. 
Sir T. Browne, Religlo Medici, Fref. 
Tropical abscess, abscess of the liver, occurring as a 
result of long residence in the tropics. Tropical dis- 
eases, diseases met with, as a rule, solely in the tropics. 
Tropical duckweed. See Pistia. Tropical grape. 
Same as sea-grape (which see, under grape?). Tropical 
homonym. See homonym. Tropical lichen, in pathol., 
prickly heat. Encyc. Diet Tropical month. SeemonfA, 
1 (c). Tropical year. See year. 
Tropicalia (trop-i-ka'li-a), n, [NL., < Gr. rpom- 
KOC, tropic, + d?f, sea.] " In zoogeog., the trop- 
ical marine realm, one of the prime zoological 
divisions of the seas of the globe, between the 
isocrymes of 68 F. north and south: same as 
Dana's torrid-zone or coral-reef seas. 
Tropicalian (trop-i-ka'li-an), a. [< Tropicalia 
+ -aw.] Of or pertaining to Tropicalia. 
tropically (trop'i-kal-i), adv. In a tropical or 
figurative manner. 
The Mouse-trap. Marry, how ? Tropically. 
Shak., Hamlet, Hi. 2. 247. 
tropic-bird (trop'ik-berd), n. One of several 
natatorial totipalmate birds of the family Phae- 
tliontidx: so called because usually seen in 
tropical regions. Theyare beautiful birds of buoyant 
and dashing night, resembling sea-swallows or terns, but 
with the two middle tail-feathers filamentous and long- 
exserted beyond the rest. They are somewhat larger than 
tropology 
Amongbirds and reptiles we have several families which, 
from being found only within the tropics of Asia, Africa, 
and America, have been termed tropicopolitan groups. 
A. R. Wallace. 
tropides. . Plural of tropis. 
tropidial (tro-pid'i-al), a. [< tropis (-id-) + 
-ia/.] Of or pertaining to a tropis, or keel of 
a cymba: as, tropuUal pteres. See ptere. En- 
ci/c. Brit., XXII. 417. 
Tfopidogaster (trop"i-do-gas'ter),. [NL. (Du- 
meril and Bibron), < Gr.Ypomf (rpoTrai-), keel, + 
yaaTTjp, stomach.] 1. A genus of iguanian liz- 
ards, as T. blainvillei, having the ventral scales 
three-keeled and no femoral pores. 2. [I. c.] 
A member of this genus. 
Tropidolepis (trop-i-dol'e-pis), . [NL. (Cu- 
vier, 1829), < Gr. rpomf (rpoind-), keel, + fairic, 
scale.] 1. A genus of lizards: a synonym of 
Sceloporus. 2. [I.e.] A member of this genus. 
The common fence-lizard of the United States, Sceloporus 
undulatufi, has been called the waved tropidolepis. See cut 
under Sceloporus. 
Tropidonotus (trop"i-do-n6'tus), . [NL. 
(Kuhl), < Gr. TpoVif (rpoOT.<!-), keel, + varof , virrov, 
the back.] A genus of ordinary colubriform 
serpents, of the family Colubridte, including 
pigeons, white variously marked with black on the upper 
parts, and tinted with pink or salmon-color, especially on 
the long tail-feathers, and when adult have the bill red or 
Trophy. From the Porte St. 
3enis, Paris; end of i?th cen- 
yellow. The feet are small, and all four toes are united by 
webs. The two best-known species are the yellow-billed 
and the red-billed, Phaethon flavirostris and P. sethereus. 
Though resembling terns, they belong to a different order 
of birds, their nearest relatives being the frigate-pelicans 
or man-of-war birds. See cut under Phaethon. 
tropicopolitan (trop"i-ko-pol'i-tan), a. [< trop- 
ic + Gr. TTo'AiriK, a citizen. Cf. cosmopolitan.] 
In zoogeog., belonging to the tropics; found 
only within the tropics ; common to the whole 
of the tropics. 
Common Ringed Snake (Tropidonotus Matrix). 
such as T. natrix, the common ringed snake of 
Europe. The name has been loosely used for many ser- 
pents not generically the same as the above. See also 
cut under xnake. 
Tropidorhynchus (trop"i-do-ring'kus), . [NL. 
(Vigors and Horsfield, 1826), < Gr. rpomf (rpo- 
m<5-), keel, + pvyxt, snout, beak.] A genus of 
Australian meliphagine birds. T. corniculatus 
is the well-known friar-bird or leatherhead. 
See cut under friar-bird. 
tropidosternal (trop*i-do-ster'nal), a. [< Gr. 
rpoTrif (rpomd-), keel, + artpvov, breast-bone.] 
Keeled, as a breast-bone ; having a keeled 
sternum; carinate, as a bird. See cut under 
carinate. 
Tropidosternii (trop'i-do-stfer'ni-i), n. pi. 
[NL. : see tropidosternal.] ' One of the primary 
divisions of recent birds, including those which 
have the sternum keeled : equivalent to Cari- 
natse, and opposed to Homalosternii. [Rare.] 
tropis (tro'pis), n. ; pi. tropides (trop'i-dez). 
[NL., < Gr. rptimf, keel, < rptvsiv, turn.] Of 
sponge-spicules, the keel or backward curve of 
a cymba, or C-shaped flesh-spicule ; the part be- 
tween the ends or prows. See cymba. Encyc. 
Brit., XXII. 417. 
tropist (tro'pist), n. [< trope + -ist.] One who 
deals in tropes ; especially, one who explains the 
Scriptures by tropes, or figures of speech. 
trppologic (trop-o-loj'ik), a. [< tropolog-y + 
-ic.] Same as tropological. 
tropological (trop-o-loj'i-kal), a. [< tropologic 
+ -al.] Figurative : as, tropological interpre- 
tation. 
We are to take the second signification, the tropological 
or figurative. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), II. 121. 
tropologically (trop-o-loj'i-kal-i), adv. In a 
tropological or figurative manner, 
tropologize (tro-pol'o-jiz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. 
tropologized, ppr. tropologising. [< tropolog-y + 
-ise.] To use in a tropological sense, as a word; 
change to a figurative sense ; use as a trope. 
If Athena or Minerva be tropologized into prudence. 
Cudworth, Intellectual System, p. 520. 
tropology (tro-pol'o-ji), re.; pi. tropologies (-jiz). 
[< Gr. rpoTrof, a figure of speech, a trope, + 
-~/ioyia, < i.eyuv, say (see -ologij).] 1. A rhetori- 
cal or figurative mode of speech; the use of 
tropes or metaphors. 
Hee also blamed those that by Allegories and Tropolo- 
gies peruert and obscure the Historic of their Gods. 
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 87. 
