tug-book 
tug-hook (tiig'lmk), H. I" Kiiddlrru, a hook on 
tin- hame ti> which i lie trace is attached. /;. //. 
Kit iijlit. 
tUg-iron (tn^'iem), . The hook on Hie shaft 
of a wagon to whii'h Hie traces are attacheil. 
tUgman(tng'imin), .; ]>]. luijiurii (-men). One 
wno is employed on lioard a steam-tug. Elivt. 
Hi;-. (.. \iner. ), XII. ix. ">. 
tugmutton (tug'niiit 'n), . If. Saino as mut- 
IIIII-IIKIHI/I-I-. -l"lin '{'tailor. | Slang.] 2. A great 
glutton. Iliilliirrll. [ j'rov. hug.] 3. All Ameri- 
ean wood resembling box, formerly imported 
into Kiigland for making fans, ('ampin, Hand- 
Turning, p. -">!>. 
tug-slide (tug'slid), n. In saddlery, a metallic 
frame, serving instead of a buckle to adjust the 
length of a tug. K. II. Kimihl. 
tug-spring (tug'spring), n. In saddlery, a frame 
containing a spring to which the tug is fastened. 
It serves to diminish the jerking strain on a 
horse in starting and stopping. E. II. Kiiii/lit. 
tui, n. See tin'-. 
tuille (twol), H. [< OF. tulle, tuitle, < L. tegula, 
tile: see tile 1 .'] In armor, a plate of steel hang- 
ing below the tassets, or forming the lowermost 
division of the tassets. Sometimes two tuillea were 
worn on each side a large one in front, and a smaller one 
on the hip. Also tutjUe. Large tuille, the tuille as dis- 
tinguished from the tulllette. 
tuillette (twe-lof), . [OF., dim. of tuille.'] In 
nniior, a smaller form of the tuille, used espe- 
cially to protect the hip when the larger tuille 
covered the front of the thigh, the tuille and 
tuillette hanging side by side from the tasset. 
tuilyie, tuilzie (tol'yi), n. Same as toolyc. 
Scott, Heart of Mid-Lothian, xvi. [Scotch.] 
tuism (tii'izm), . [< L. tu, thou, + -ism."] The 
doctrine that all thought is addressed to a sec- 
ond person, or to one's future self as to a second 
person. 
tuition (tu-ish'on), n. [Early mod. E. also tui- 
cyoii ; < OF. tuition, tnicion = Sp. tuicion, < L. 
tnitio(it-), guard, protection, defense, < tueri, 
j>p. tuitus, watch, guard, see, observe. Cf . intui- 
tion, tutor.} If. Guard; keeping; protection; 
guardianship. 
The . . . tuyoion of your seid realme of Fraunche. 
Paiton Letters, 1. 103. 
As I can, I shall commend you unto the tuition of our 
Shepherd Christ. 
J. Bradford, Letters (Parker Soc., 1853), II. 127. 
2f. The particular watch and care of a tutor or 
guardian over his pupil or ward. 
The Prince had been a Student In Queen's Colledge in 
Oxford, under the Tuition of his Uncle Henry Beaufort, 
Chancellor of that University. Baker, Chronicles, p. 163. 
3. Instruction; the actor business of teaching 
the various branches of learning. 
Who, if their sons some slight tuition share, 
Deem it of no great moment whose, or where. 
Cowper, Tirocinium, 1. 783. 
4. The fee for instruction. 
The tuition is usually low. The Century, XXXIX. 474. 
= Syn. 3. Tuition differs from the words compared under 
instruction chietly in being a rather formal and business- 
like word : as, the charge for tuition is $100 : It represents 
the act or series of acts, but not the art. 
tuitional (tu-ish'on-al), a. [< tuition + -al.} 
Same as MMonory, Lancet, 1890, II. 482. 
tuitionary (tu-ish'on-a-ri), a. [< tuition + -ary.} 
Of or pertaining to tuition. M. C. Tyler, Hist. 
Amer. Lit., II. !>:). 
tult, prep, and coiij. Au old form of till". 
There they thought tul a [to navel had their prey. 
RooMiope Hyde (Child's Ballads, VI. 12SX 
tula (to'la), H. [Mex. (f).] Same as istlc. 
tulasi (to' la-si ), n. [Telugu.] Same as tootei. 
tula-work (to'la-werk), n. Niello; niello- 
work ; a kind of decorative work somewhat 
similar to enameling, done chiefly on silver. 
Niello-work has been long known, and is described by 
Pliny, by whom its invention is attributed to the Egyp- 
tians. It differs from enamel in that this latter is a vitre- 
ous compound, while niello is a combination of sulphur 
with silver, copper, and lead, the relative proportion 
of the ingredients, as given by different authors, varying 
greatly. The composition of niello, according to Pliny, is 
three parts of silver with one of copper, and no lead. All 
the more modern recipes demand less silver and some 
l<-:nl. the quantity of the precious metal diminishing from 
century to century. Benvenuto Cellini gives one sixth sil- 
ver, cm' thinl copper, and one half lead as the composi- 
tion of niello. The above has reference to the metallic in- 
gredients of tins article ; in its manufacture sulphur is 
generally added in excess, that which is not taken up by 
the metals being volatilized in the process, which is per- 
formed in a crncihle. ;i little sal ammoniac being used as 
a flux. Niello-work has been done in Russia for many 
years, and especially at Tula, which is the best-known 
locality for this tiranrh of decorative art, although it is 
said that more artistic specimens are turned out at other 
places in that country. Niello is called in Russia " black 
Hlver Ser liii'i[<i. 
6525 
tulchan, tulchin (tul'clmn, -i-hint, H. [Origin 
obscure. ] A calf's skin stuffed with straw, and 
set beside a cow. to make her give her milk: 
u>ed formerly in Scotland. Tulchan bishops, a 
name del i>ivcly'a|, plied to the Persons appointed s tltll- 
!ar bishops to the Scottish sees immediately after the Kef- 
nnnati.-M. in \\IIMSI names the revenues of tin- sees were 
draw n by the lay bar who had impropriated them. Car- 
lyle, Cromwell's Letters and Speeches, Int., Iv. (Scotch. | 
tule (to'le), H. I Atner. Sp. ] A bulrush orclub- 
ru-h of cither of two species which in Califor- 
nia and adjacent regions occupy large areas of 
overflowed bottom-land and marsh. One of these 
Is the common bulrush, Scirput lacustrin, which there, in 
the variety occidentalit, becomes sometimes 8 or 10 feet 
high and an Inch or more thick at the base. The other spe- 
cies la the very similar N. Talora, found eastward to Louisi- 
ana, and also in South America. See Scirput (with cut). 
tule-wren (tO'le-ron), n. A kind of marsh- 
wren. < 'is/otliiirns or '/< Innitoilyttv pnlnatris, var. 
juiliiilii-olii. which abounds in the tide-marshes 
of California. 
tulip (tu'lip), n. [Formerly also tulipe, 
MD. tulpiinii = Dan. tidipan = Sw. tulpan. < OF, 
tuli/inn = Sp. tulipan = It. tulipano, a tulip; so 
called from its likeness to a turban : a particu- 
lar use of OF. "tuli/iini, lii/i/i(int,tul]iaiit,etc. t '>'E. 
tiilipnnt,eto., NLi.tulipa, etc., a turban: see tur- 
ban.'] 1. A plant of the genus Tulipa, of which 
several species are well-known garden bulbs 
with highly colored bell-shaped flowers, bloom- 
ing in spring. The common garden tulips are derived 
chiefly from T. Qesneriana, a native of central and south- 
ern Europe and adjacent parts of Asia, having shining 
scarlet flowers with purple-black spots at the base of the 
divisions, or a partly yellow claw. Varieties of this species 
have been developed with great care, especially In the 
Netherlands, the seat atone time of a " tnlipomania." The 
catalogue of a Haarlem florist of recent date offered 1,800 
varieties. They are divided into four classes: namely, 
" breeders " or " self-flowers," with the natural plain color; 
"bizarres," having a clear yellow ground with red, brown- 
ish, maroon, or purple markings; "bybloemens," with a 
white background marked prevailingly with red or shades 
of purple ; and "roses," witn white background variegated 
with shades of rose-color, deep-red, or scarlet. It is said 
that when a self -tulip once "breaks," the new variety re- 
mains always the same. Another long-cultivated tulip Is 
the Due Van Thol, T. suaoeolens, with fragrant scarlet, yel- 
low, or variegated flowers, early, and especially suited for 
pot-culture and forcing. T. pracox, having scarlet flowers 
with large black-purple spots surrounded with yellow near 
the base, also affords varieties. Less conspicuous or less 
known species are T. Oculus-solis, the sun's-eye tulip, with 
a brilliant scarlet perianth, having black spots at the base 
of the segments ; T. australu (T. Celfiana), with bright-yel- 
low flowers smaller than the common kinds ; T. Clunana, 
low and delicate, having the three inner divisions pure- 
white, the three outer stained with pink ; T. vulchella, type 
of a group of very pretty dwarf species ; ana T. Greiffi, the 
Turkestan tulip, one of the most showy and desirable of 
all known tulips, bearing goblet-shaped flowers, common- 
ly of a vivid orange-scarlet hue, also purple or yellow, from 
4 to 6 inches broad when fully expanded. 
2. In ordnance, a bell-shaped outward swell of 
the muzzle of a gun, as a rule abandoned in 
modern ordnance. 
The armament of the Collingwood consists of four 46-ton 
steel breech-loading guns, 27 ft. 4 in. long, and gradually 
tapering from a diameter of 4 ft 7 in. at the breech to 17 
in. near the muzzle, which possesses what artillerists call 
a tulip or "swell." The Engineer, LXVIII. 314. 
African tulip, a plant of the genus Hirmanthus. But- 
terfly-tulip, the mariposa-lily or pretty-grass, Calochor- 
ttw.ol California. Cape tulip. () BoelUMMMCkM (6) 
A liliaceous plant, Bfeometra columellarw (Tulipa Breyni- 
ana), of the Cape of Good Hope. Checkered tulip, 
drooping tulip. See wild tulip (a), below. Due Van 
Thol tulip. See def. 1. Parrot-tulip, varieties of T. 
acuminala (T. Turcica\ of a dwarf habit, with the petals 
curved and fantastically fringed, variegated, partly green, 
the form and color suggesting the name ; also, a variety of 
the common tulip : the former sometimes distinguished as 
Florentine parrot-tulip. Sun's-eye tulip. See def. 1. 
Turkestan tulip. See def. 1. van Thol tulip. Short 
for Dm Van Thai tulip. See above. Wild tulip, (a) In 
England, Tulipa sylveftris, the only native species ; also, 
provlncially, the guinea-hen plant, Fritillana Meleayri*, 
similarly called checkered and drooping tulip, (o) In Cali- 
fornia, same as butterfly-tulip : see above. 
Tulipa (tu'H-pa), . [NL. (Malpighi, 1675 ; ear- 
lier by LobelJ 1576): see tulip.] 1. A genus 
of liliaceous plants, the tulips, type of the tribe 
Tulipesp. It is characterized by flowers which are usu- 
ally erect, bell-shaped, and marked by spots near the base, 
but without nectar-bearing glands ; and by oblong, linear, 
erect, basinitcd anthers. There are about 50 species, na- 
tives of Europe and Asia, extending from England to Ja- 
pan, and southward Into northern Africa. They are bul- 
bous plants, with a simple stem bearing few leaves, linear 
or broader, and a handsome solitary flower, rarely two or 
three. See tulip. 
2t. [/.c.] A tulip. 
tulipantt, An obsolete form of tiirlnin. 
Tulipeae(tu-lip'e-e), n.pl. [NL. (Lindley, 1845), 
< Tiiliim + -tse.} A tribe of liliaceous plants, 
chavacteri/.ed by solitary or loosely racemed 
flowers, and a leaf -bearing stem produced from 
a coated or scaly bulb. It includes over 200 species 
tulle 
belonging to 7 genera, of which Tulipa Is the type. They 
ilivcmif north teni|. ii-nall> prdllrlii|i 
large and handsome flowers. The tiili* iiirlnilc* the lily, 
crown-imperial, tulip, dog-tooth violet MI a,!,!, i - innctic, 
and marlpuu-llly. The genera Liliuin, ftyCArmhws and 
Utiydia are partly American, and Caloctmrtit* wholly so ; 
for the other*, see Fritillaria, Gu:" ", aiM /'"///**. 
tulip-ear (tu'lip-rr), H. An upright or prick- 
ear in dog-. Sli/nr. 
tulip-eared (tu'lip-erd), a. Prick-eared, as a 
dog. 
tulipiet, n. An obsolete form of tnli/i. 
tulipist (tu'lip-ist), n. [< titliji + -int.} A cul- 
tivator of tulips. .Sir T. Jlroinn, Urn-burial, 
Ep. Ded. 
tulipomania (tu*li-po-ma'ni-a), n. [= F. tuli- 
IKinninie (Manage) ; as E. tulip + Gr. uavia, mad- 
ness: see mania. The D. term is /nl/i< tihumli I. 
tulip-trade.] A craze for the cultivation or 
acquisition of tulips; specifically, that which 
arose in the Netherlands about the year \i'M, 
seized on all classes like an epidemic, and led 
to disasters such as result from great financial 
catastrophes. Tulip-marts were established In various 
towns, where roots were sold and resold as stocks on the 
exchange. A single root of Semper Augustus was sold for 
13,000 florins. After several years the government found 
it necessary to Interfere. 
tulipomaniac (tu*li-po-nm'ni-ak), n. [< tuli- 
/iniiifinia + -ac.} One who is affected with tu- 
a' jmania. //. Spencer, Education, p. 66. 
p-poplar (tu'hp-pop'lar), . Same as tulip- 
tree. 
tulip-root (tu'lip-rot), n. A disease of oats, 
caused by a nematoid worm of the family An- 
(luillulidte, Tylcnchus deraxtatrix, which causes 
the base of the stem to swell until it somewhat 
resembles a tulip-bulb. 
tulip-shell (tu'lip-shel), n. A shell of the fam- 
ily Fasciolariidse ; specifically, Fasciolaria tu- 
lipa. See cut nnder Fasciolaria. 
tulip-tree (tu'lip-tre), . A tree, Liriodendron 
Tulipifera, found in North America, where, 
among deciduous trees, it is surpassed in size 
only by the sycamore (Platanux occidentalix) 
and the bald cypress (Taxodium distichum). 
A tree believed to be identical with it Is found in China. 
The wood is soft, fine, and straight-grained, and is easily 
worked; it is used in construction and for inside finish, cab. 
Inet-work, pumps, woodenware, etc. The bark, especial- 
ly of the root, is acrid and bitter, and is used domestically 
as a stimulant tonic. The tulip-tree is quite hardy, and is 
a much-admired shade and ornamental tree. It* timber, 
or the tree itself, is known as whitewood, though the wood 
turns yellowish on exposure, and as poplar, tulip-poplar, 
or yellow pnplar. An old name, saddletree or mdale-leaj, 
refers to the form of the leaf ; another, canoe-wood , to the 
use in which it was found among the Indians. The pres- 
ent name (the best of the common names) has reference to 
the flowers, which in form and size resemble a large tulip, 
the petals greenish-yellow marked with orange. See Lino- 
dendron (with cut). 
The large tulip tree, which we call a poplar. 
Bererley, Hist. Virginia, Iv. I 18. 
Chinese tulip-tree, (a) The North American tree de- 
fined above, (ft) Michelia (Magnolia) fuxita. Laurel- 
leafed tulip-tree, the magnolia, especially Magnolia 
yrandifora (M. foetida). Queensland tulip-tree. See 
Slenoearput. Tulip- tree of the West Indies, llibixue 
(I'aritiuiri) elatutt, a tree of the size of the horse-chestnut, 
with large flowers, which are pale primrose-color in the 
morning, and become orange and deep-red as the day ad- 
vances. 
tulip-wood (tu'lip-wud), n. 1. The wood of the 
tulip-tree. 2. One of several other woods, so 
called from their color 1 and markings, (o) A choice 
rose-colored and striped wood imported into Europe from 
Brazil, the product of Physocalyiiima flimbundum. It is 
used for inlaying costly furniture, in turnery, etc. ('<) See 
Ilarpullia. (c) See Owenia. 
tulkt, M. [ME., also toll; < Icel. tult-r, an inter- 
preter, spokesman, broker, = Dan. Sw. talk = 
MD. tolch, D. folk = MLG. folk, tollik, an in- 
terpreter, prob. (the D. and LG. through the 
Scand.) < Lith. tulkas, an interpreter. See 
talk 1 .} A man. 
Telagonius full tite at a tulke asket 
Who the freike was in faith that fraynit his nome. 
Dettruction of Troy (E. E. T. 8.), 1. 13985. 
tulkt, t. [ME. tulken, < Icel. tulka = Sw. tolka 
= Dan. tolkc = MD. tolchen, D. tolken = MLG. 
LG. tolken, interpret, translate ; from the noun : 
see tulk, n.} To speak to ; address. 
The Tebies talked us with tcne. Kitty Alexander, p. 83. 
tullt, r. i. An obsolete form of tilP. 
With empty hand men may none haukes tulle. 
Chaucer, Reeve's Tale, I. 214. 
tulle (tol), H. [So called from Tulle, a city in 
the department of Correze, France.] A fine 
and thin silk net, originally made with bobbins 
(compare bobbin-net), but now woven by ma- 
chin cry. It is used for women's veils and in dressmaking; 
it is sometimes ornamented with dots like those of blonde- 
lace, but is more commonly plain. Tulle embroidery, 
needlework done with floss-silk or similar material on a 
background of tulle. 
