Tupaia 
ing several species of India, the Malay penin- 
sula, and various Malayan islands. They are 
pretty little creatures of arboreal habits, with long bushy 
tails, feeding upon fruits and insects, with the general as- 
pect and manners of squirrels. Some are called banxriny 
and tana. Also written Tiipaja, Tupaya. 
TupaiidBB (tu-pa-i'i-de), ii.pl. [NL.,< Tupaia + 
-id&.] A family of squirrel-like arboreal and di- 
urnal insectivorous mammals. They have a devel- 
oped caecum, a comparatively large brain-case, completed 
orbits, large zygomatic arches, Imllate tympanic bones, 
tibia and fibula separate, the pubic symphysis long, the 
hind limbs moderately exceeding the fore in length, and 
thirty-eight teeth. There are atleast 2 genera, Tupaia, the 
baiixrings, and Ptttocercus, the pentails, inhabiting Asia 
and Malaysia, with several species. See cuts under J'tilo- 
cerms and Tupaia^ Also Tvpaiada, 
tupelo (tu'pe-16), n. [Amer. Ind.] One of sev 
eral species of Nyssa, most commonly N. syl- 
vatiea (N. multiflora), the pepperidge, sour-gum, 
or black-gum. See black-grim, and cut under 
6532 
an African name.] A bird of the family Muso- 
phagidee and any of the genera Titraciis (or Cory- 
thaix),8ohieorkii,eic.; a kind of plantain-cater: 
sometimes extended to all the birds of this fam- 
ily. The species are numerous, all African, of large size 
and striking appearance. In the members of the genus 
Turaeut the plumage is mostly bright-green and rich-red, 
of deep swamps and river-bottoms in the southern United 
States. Its wood, which is light, soft, and unwedgeable, 
is used in turnery, largely for woodemvare, for wooden 
shoes, etc. ; that of the root is used for the floats of nets. 
Sargent. Tupelo tent, a small rod of tupelo which is in- 
serted into the mouth of the womb when it is desired to 
dilate this passage. The tupelo effects this by increasing 
in size through absorption of the fluids of the parts. 
Tupistra (tu-pis'tra), . [NL. (Her, 1814), so 
called from the shape of the stigma ; < Gr. rwrif , 
or Tvvaf, a mallet, < riirrv, strike: see type.'] 
A genus of liliaceous plants, of the tribe Aspi- 
(tistreie. It is characterized by flowers in a dense cylin- 
drical spike with spreading perianth-lobes, and a thick 
peltate stigma which is deeply lobed or is nearly entire 
and closes the throat of the flower. There are 3 or 4 spe- 
cies, natives of Burma and of the Himalayas. They are 
perennial herbs, with long ample leaves contracted into 
an erect petiole, growing from a thick rhizome which is 
either elongated or short and tuberous. The violet or lurid 
flowers are sessile, crowded between smaller green or sca- 
rious bracts upon an erect or recurved scape. They are 
known as mallet-flower. T. squalida, the original species, 
and T. nutans, the nodding mallet-flower, are sometimes 
cultivated under glass. 
tup-man (tup'man), 11. A breeder of or dealer 
in tups. [Local, Eng.] 
tupsee (tup'se), n. The mango-fish, Polijnemus 
paradoxm. 
tuque (tuk), n. [Canadian F. form of F. toque, 
a cap : see toque.] A cap worn in Canada. See 
the quotation. 
a, folded to fit the head ; b, at> knitted. 
But the tuque is disappearing, we are sorry to say, and 
ordinary caps are taking its place. It alone served to 
mark the habitant. It is something like a long stocking, 
knit and closed at both ends, and one end being pushed 
into the other to double it, it is drawn over the head, down 
the back of the neck, and indeed over the whole face 
and shoulders if necessary. . . . The sash . . . has been 
adopted as an ornamental and useful appendage by the 
citizens ; and the snow-shoe clubs have adopted the tuque. 
Tlte Century, II. 454. 
tu quoque (tu kwo'kwe). [< L. tu qitoque, ' tliou 
too,' i. e. 'you have done the same thing,' or 
'you're another': tu = E. thou ; quoque, also, 
too, perhaps orig. "quonique, < quom, quum, as, 
when, + -que, and.] A retort consisting of a 
charge or accusation similar to that which has 
been made by one's antagonist, as in the case 
of a person charged with bribery who replies 
that his accuser's hands are not clean of corrup- 
tion: also used attributively: as, the tu qiioqui; 
argument is not conclusive. 
tur (tor), n. The urus. 
turacin (to'ra-sin), n. [< tnracou, tottrucou, + 
-in 2 .'] The red or crimson coloring matter of 
the feathers of the turakoo. In solution turacin 
gives two absorption-bands of its spectrum like those of 
oxyhemoglobin. It contains about six per cent, of cop- 
per, which cannot be isolated without destroying the pig- 
ment. Turacin is said to wash out more or less during the 
rainy season, leaving the feathers that were scarlet of a 
pinkish white. 
turacou, . See turakoo. 
turacoverdin (tu"ra-ko-ver'din), M. [< turaco 
+ F. vert, green (see verd), + -;'2.] The green 
coloring matter of the feathers of the turakoo. 
Turacus (tu'ra-kus), n. [NL. (Cuvier, 1800), < 
F. tottraco or touracou.'] A genus of turakoos, 
now restricted to species with feathered nos- 
trils, as T. persa, T. corythaix, and about 12 
others. It has several synonyms, the most 
prominent of which is Corythaix (Illiger, 1811). 
Also Touraco. 
turakoo (to'ra-ko), n. [Also turako, turaco, 
tourakoo, touracou, touraco, etc. (NL. Turacus); 
Giant Turakoo (Corythseola crt'stata). 
and there is an elegant helmet-like crest which the birds 
instantly erect when excited or alarmed. They live in the 
woods in small companies, and their voice is very loud and 
harsh. One of the best-known is T. corythaix, the white- 
crested turakoo of South Africa. The Senegal turakoo is 
T. persa. Another is Schizorhis africanus of West Africa. 
The gray turakoo is a plainer species, S. collector, of South 
Africa. The giant turakoo, Coryth&ola cristata (formerly 
Turacu* yiyanteus, T. cristatus, Muxopliaga cristata, etc.. 
the blue curassow of Latham, 1823), is a plantain-eater 
very near the species of Musophaga proper, with oval ex- 
posed nostrils, and a helmet crest ; the plumage is chiefly 
verditer-blue, without crimson ; the tail has a broad black 
subterminal bar ; the bill is yellow and scarlet ; the eyes 
are red ; the total length is 28 inches. This turakoo in- 
habits West and Central Africa. 
Turanian (tu-ra'ni-an), . and . [< Turan (see 
Iranian) + -ian.] A word loosely and indefi- 
nitely used to designate a family of languages, 
sometimes applied to the Asiatic languages in 
general outside of the Indo-European and Se- 
mitic families, and so including various discor- 
dant and independent families, but sometimes 
used especially or restrictedly of the Ural-Al- 
taic or Scythian family. 
turbt, a. [< L. turba, a crowd.] A troop; a 
throng or crowd. 
In the secund turtx was Maister Coradin. 
Rob. of Untune, 1. 18. 
Alle the tuarbe of deuellis fleying in the ayer fledde back- 
warde. Golden Legend, fol. 24. (Richardson Supp.) 
turba (ter'ba), M. [L., acrowd: see turbid, trou- 
ble.] The chorus in medieval passion-plays, 
representing the Jewish populace. 
turban (ter'ban), n. [Early mod. E. also tnr- 
baiid, turbant, turbent, turribant, turbanto = JfD. 
tiirbant = G. Sw. Dan. turban, < OF. turban, tur- 
baiit, F. turban = Sp. Pg. It. turbante ; also in 
a more orig. form, early mod. E. tuliban, tolli- 
ban, tulibaut, tolibant, tulijtant, tolipant, Mi- 
pane = D. tulband, tulpe, < OF. toliban, tollipan, 
tolopan (ML. tidipantus, also tulipa); < Turk. 
tulbend, dulbend = Ar. dulband, < Pers. Hind. 
(lulbaiirl, a turban. From the same source is E. 
tulip, lit. 'a turban': see tulip."] 1. The dis- 
tinctive head-dress of men of the Moslem na- 
tions, consisting of a scarf or shawl wound 
around the tarboosh. The color and material of the 
scarf differ with the rank and position of the wearer. 
Turbanb of Modern Levantines. 
I, green turban of Mohammedan saint (in this case a poor water- 
carrier) ; 2, turban of Marcniie (Christian) priest ; 3, turban of citizen 
of Damascus. 
though not uniformly. Thus, a sherif, or descendant of 
Mohammed, is entitled to wear a green wrapper for the tur- 
ban, and the doctors of the law sometimes wear a turban 
of extraordinary size, of which the exact style, number of 
turns in the twist, etc., are important. 
turbid 
Old Cybele, arayd with pompous pride, 
Wearing a Diademe embattild wide 
With hundred turrets, like a Turribant. 
Spencer, F. Q., IV. xl. 28. 
Vpon his head was a tttlipaiie with a shai-pe end stand- 
ing vpwards halfe a yard long, of rich cloth of golde. 
Ha/chiyt's Voyages. I. 34(5. 
They wrappe and fold together . . . almost as much 
linnen upon their heads as the Turks doe in those linnen 
caps they weare, which are called Turbents. 
Coryat, Crudities, I. 90. 
2. A modification of the Oriental turban, worn 
by women in Europe and America during the 
first half of the nineteenth century. 
I was anxious to prevent her from disfiguring her small 
gentle mousey face with a great Saracen 's-head turban. 
Mrs. (iaskett, Cranford, ix. 
3. A head-dress consisting of a bright-colored 
handkerchief or square of cotton, worn by negro 
women in the West Indies and the southern 
United States. 
A black woman in blue cotton gown, red-and-yellow 
Madras turban, . . . crouched against the wall. 
G. W. Cable, Au Large, i. 
4. During the latter half of the nineteenth cen- 
tury, a hat consisting of a crown either without 
a brim or with a brim turned up close alongside 
the crown, worn by women and children. 5. 
In her., a high rounded cap, supposed to be the 
official head-dress of the Sultan of Turkey: it 
is usually represented with plumes attached 
to its sides, with jeweled clasps, and the like. 
Also called. Turkish crown. 8. In conch., the 
spire of a univalve shell. See spire' 2 , 2, and uni- 
i-alre (with cuts) Mamamouchi turban, a kind of 
cap, made in supposed imitation of a Turkish turban : the 
name is taken from Aloliere's play "Le Bourgeois Gentil- 
homme." 
turbandt (ter'band), n. Same as turban. 
turbaned (ter'band), a. [< turban + -ed%.] 
Wearing a turban. 
A malignant and a turban'd Turk 
Beat a Venetian. Shak., Othello, v. 2. 363. 
turban-shell (ter'ban-shel), . The test or case 
of a sea-urchin. 
turban-stone (ter'ban-ston), n. The typical 
form of Mohammedan tombstone. It is a low 
cylindrical pillar with a representation of a 
turban carved on its top. 
turbantt, ". An obsolete form of turban. 
turban-top (ter'ban-top), . A plant of the 
genus Helrella, a kind of fungus or mushroom. 
turbary (ter'ba-ri), . [< ML. turbaria, < L. 
turba, turf: see turf 1 ."} 1. In law, a right of dig- 
ging turf on another man's land. Blaekstone. 
Turbarie (Turbaria) is an Interest to dig Turves upon a 
Common Kitchin, foL 94. Cornell's Interpreter. 
2. A peat-bog, peat-moor, or peat-swamp ; any 
locality where peat occurs in considerable 
quantity. See the quotation under peat-moor. 
A small bit of turbary land, given up by the pariah to the 
curate for teaching a school. 
Baines, Hist. Lancashire, II. 683. 
Common of turbary. See common, 4. 
Turbellaria (ter-be-la'ri-a), . pi. [NL., so- 
called in allusion to the currents caused by their 
moving cilia; < L. turba, a crowd, + -ella + 
-firia.] A class of worms, or an order of flat- 
worms, characterized by the ciliation of the 
body, by means of which they set up little cur- 
rents or vortices of water; the whirl-worms. 
The name was given in 1831 by Ehrenberg to worms which 
had long been known as planariam (see PlanarUa), and 
was a mere substitute for or synonym of the earlier des- 
ignation. It has been used with various extensions and 
restrictions, and has included the nemerteans or so-called 
rhynchocct'lous turb ellarians (see Neniertea). These are 
now excluded, and the Turbellaria, as an order of flat- 
worms, are those whose body is ciliated and which have a 
mouth and with few exceptions an alimentaly canal, but 
no anus. Most of them fall in the two main divisions of 
rhabdoccelous and dendroccelous turbellarians, according 
to the simple or branched condition of the alimentary ca- 
nal. They are mainly free-swimming worms, some of mi- 
croscopic size, others several inches long; some forms in- 
habit fresh and others saltwater. See cuts under Dendro- 
coela, Rhabdocofla, and Rtttjnchoccela. 
turbellarian (ter-be-la'ri-an). n. and H. [< 
Turbellaria + -an.] I. a. Causing little cur- 
rents or vortexes of water by ciliary action, as 
the more minute members of the class Turbcl- 
lui-ia ; belonging to this class, as a worm. 
II. n. A member of the class Turbellaria. 
turbellariform (ter-be-lar'i-form), a. [< NL. 
Tiirbi'lliiriii, q. v., + L. forma, form.] Like or 
likened to a turbellarian : as, the tttrbeUartforni 
larva of Jinldiici/li'^nx. 
turbetht, An obsolete form of turpitli. 
turbid (tt-r'liid), o. [< L. turbidim. disturbed, < 
tin-burr, disturb, < turba, mass, throng, crowd, 
tumult, disturbance. From the same source are 
E. disturb, troubli , turbine, etc.] 1. Properly, 
having the lees disturbed; in a more general 
