turbid 
sense, muddy; foul witli extraneous matter: 
tliick : noi elenr: used of liquids of any kind, or 
or eolor. 
llnniLrti their Stream is loailr.l null -anil, anil li'il" I 
with alluvial waste. . H". ll'ilmr*, Autoi-rat, iii. 
2. Confused: disordered; disquieted; disturbed. 
I had (livers Fits of Melancholy, ami surh lin?>i>l Int. i - 
vals that uscil to attend clone I'rUoii.-is. 
H,,mll. l.rltn- : 
Agriln man En a flannel shirt, hat I ess :m>l u jlh in //,/,/ 1 , >1 
half. Georye Eliut, Kelix Holt, xxr.. 
Turbidae (ter'bi-de), . /,/. [XL. (.1. K. Gray, 
1840), irreg. < 7'Mc/* + -iV.r. ] Same as 'l'iiiiiin- 
i<l:f. 
turbidity (ter-bid'i-ti), . [= Sp. turlriedad. = 
II. turbiiliti't; < //<c/m/ + -ity.J The state of be- 
ing turbid: turbiduess. 
turbidlyder'bid-li), ado. 1. In a turbid or mud- 
dy manner. 2. With disorder or roughness; 
boisterously; vehemently. [Rare.] 
A person of small merit in anxiously Jealous of Imputa- 
tions on his honour ; . . . one of great merit turbidly re- 
sents them. 
Young, Estimation of Human Life. (Richardson.) 
turbidness (ter'bid-nes), n. The state or qual- 
ity of being turbid ; turbidity. 
tufbillion (tei-biryon), . '[< F. loin-billon = 
bp. turbion = Pg. turlnlhflo, < L. turbo (turbiu- ). 
a whirl, whirlwind, hurricane : see turbine.] A 
whirl ; a vortex. 
Each of them is a sun, moving on its own axis, in the 
centre of its own vortex or turbillion. 
Sttele, Spectator, No. 472. 
Turbinacea t ter-bi-na'se-a), H. pi. [NL., < Tur- 
b<> (Turin H-) + -ttcea.] Same as Turbinida'. l.u- 
man-k, 1HL >1 .'. 
turbinaceous (ter-bi-na'shius), a. [Erroneous 
form for *turbaceous, < ML. turba, turf, + 
-aceous. ] Of or belonging to turf or peat ; turfy ; 
peaty. [Rare.] 
The real turbinaceous flavour no sooner reached the nose 
of the Captain than the beverage was turned down his 
throat with symptoms of most unequivocal applause. 
Scott, St. Ronaifs Well, xill. 
turbinal (ter'bl-nal), a. and n. [< L. turbo (tur- 
bin-), a top, 4- -al.*] I. a. Same as turbinate. 
II. n. In 007. and anat.: (n) A turbinate 
bone; one of the spongy or scroll-like boues of 
the nasal passages specified as etlimoturbinal, 
ninjrilloturbiiitil, and splienoturbinal (see the dis- 
tinctive names). See turbinate, and the phrases 
there. (6) In the Opliiditt, a bone of the skull 
different from () See the quotation, and cut 
under Pythonidie. 
Forming the floor of the front part of the nasal cham- 
ber, on each side, is a large concavo-convex Done, which 
extends from the ethmoidal septum to the maxilla, pro- 
tects the nasal gland, and is commonly termed a turbinal ; 
though, if it be a membrane-hone, it does not truly corre- 
spond with the turbinals of the higher Vertenrata. 
Huxley, Anat. Vert., p. 204. 
Alinasal turbinal. See alinaml. 
turbinate (ter'bi-nat), a. [= F. turbine = Sp. 
Pg. lurbintido = It. turbinalo, < L. turbiiinttix. 
shaped like a top or cone, < turbo (tiirliiii-), u 
top: see turbine.] 1. Shaped like a whipping- 
top. Specifically (a) In bot., shaped like a top or a cone 
inverted ; narrow at the base and broad at the apex : as, 
A turbinate germ, nectary, or pericarp, (b) In conch. , spiral, 
as a univalve shell ; whorled from a broad base to an apex. 
2. In anat., whorled or scroll-like in shape; 
turbinal; spongy in texture, or full of cavities: 
applied to certain bones and parts of bones in 
the nasal fossa?. 3. Whirling in the manner 
of a top. Inferior turbinate bone, a distinct bone 
attached, to the nasal surface of the superior maxillary 
hone, separating the miihllr from the inferior nasal fossn; 
thr niavillotiirliinal. See cuts nmh*r tiionth and immtl. 
Middle turbiuate bone, an indefinite lower section of 
the lateral mass of the ethmoid. Superior turbinate 
bone, an indefinite upper part of the lateral mass of the 
ethmoid. The superior and middle turbinate bones, ta- 
ken together, are the ethmotiirbinal bone. See cuts un- 
der mouth and nasal. Turbinate crest. See turbinated 
crest, under crest. Turbinate process. See process. 
turbinate (ter'bi-nat), r. ; pret. and pp. tiirhi- 
nated, ppr. tnrbinatiny. [< L. tiirtiinatits, like a 
top: see lnrliiii(itc,a.] I. trans. To fashion like 
atop. Bailey, 1731. -Turbinated crest. See mil. 
II. iutrtiiin. To revolve like a top : spin; whirl. 
[Rare.] 
turbinate-lentiform (ter'bi-nat-leh'ti-f6rm). 
(i. lu hot., between turbinate and lentiform in 
shape. 
turbination (ter-bi-na'shon), H. [< I,, turbiim- 
tii>(n-). a pointing in the form of a cone, shaped 
like a top, < turbiniitiix, cone-shaped: see lur- 
binalt'.] 1. The act of turliiimtintr, or the stale 
of being turbinate. ISni/i'i/, 1727. 2. That 
which is turliinated; a whorled or scroll-like 
formation, as a shell. 
6533 
turbine (tcVbin), n. [< F. turbine = Sp. tiir- 
hiiin, turbine, = It. turbine, a whirlwind, < L. 
tllflin (ll(l-lllll-), 
also Ini'lii-n, 
anything that 
whirls around, 
a wheel, a top, 
a whirlwind, < 
liirlinri; dis- 
turb, move, < 
liirhn, distur- 
bance, uproar, 
turmoil, also a 
crowd: see //- 
liiil.] A water- 
wheel driven by 
the impact or re- 
action of a flow- 
ing stream of 
water, or by im- 
pact and reac- 
tion combined. 
Turbines are usual- 
ly horizontally rota- 
ting wheels on ver* 
tlcal shafts. They 
are of various con- 
structions, and may 
be divided into re- 
action turbiju-x, or 
those actuated snb- 
Rtaiitialiyhy there- 
action of the water 
passing through 
them (their buck- 
ets moving in a di- 
rection opposite to 
that of the flow); 
, 
gat 
now 
Turbine. 
a, cylinder; t>, lower flange of case; r, 
atcs, which also act as guides to direct the 
low upon the bucket*, aim which are pivoted 
medially to balance the hydrostatic pressure 
upon them; rf, upper flange, or crown-plate; 
e, gate-pinion, which gears with the toothed 
segment/, connected by an .inn with the 
gate-arm hub g; h, h, gate-rods pivoted 
at their inner ends to g, and at their out- 
er ends to the gates c, t, by which mecha- 
those principally nism the turning of the pinion * causes the 
driven by impact opening or closing of the eates; , gate 
pinion shaft, eithcroperated independently 
or controlled by a governor for regulating 
the flow of water to the buckets ; j, sleeve, 
which is held by the bush i and set-screws 
on the shaft /, the sleeve holding the gate- 
hub in position ; m, clutch-coupling for con- 
necting with a shaft for transmitting power. 
A is a vertical section, with two diagrams, 
showing bridge-tree , which came* the 
locust or lignunvvitfe step o, fitted to a con- 
cave bearing in the bottom of the shaft /. 
It also shows the upper and central dis- 
charge-buckets p, anu the lower and ver- 
tical discharge- buckets g. 
against their blades 
or buckets (the 
buckets moving 
with the flow); and 
combined reaction 
and impulse wheels, 
which include the 
best modern types 
of turbines. They 
are also distin- 
guished, by the 
manner in which 
they discharge the water, into outieard-, vertical-, or cm- 
tral-dutcharye wheels. In some types of turbines the dis- 
charge Is partly vertical and partly central. Such is the 
case with the wheel shown in the cut, which Is constructed 
and set so that the water enters at the perimeter of the 
case. By the modern turbine a very high percentage of 
the potential energy of water is converted intowork while 
passing through the wheel. Compare cut under scroll. 
Air-turbine, a wheel of turbinate form driven by wind, 
or air ejected from a pipe or tube. Journal-turbine, a 
turbine having a downward discharge, as distinguished 
from those In which the discharge is outward, oblique, 
combined, etc. 
turbine-dynamometer (ter'bin-di-na-mom'e- 
ter), H. In hydraulic coffin., a modification of 
the Prouy brake, which adapts that device for 
application to vertical shafts or to horizontally 
revolving wheels on vertical shafts, it is used 
more especially for testing the power delivered from tur- 
bines (whence the name). A spring-scale is used 'nlitlll 
of a weight In applying the brake-band. Compare Prony's 
dynamometer. 
Turbinella (ter-bi-nel'a), . [NL. (Lamarck, 
1799), < Turbo (Turbin-) + dim. term. -ell<i.] 
The typical genus of 
the family Turbinel- 
lidte. T. nyritm is the 
famous ehank (which 
see, with cut). 
Turbinellidae (ter-bi- 
nel'i-de), H. pi. [NL.. 
< Turbinella + -iilse.] 
A family of large ma- 
rine gastropods, whose 
typical genus is Turbi- 
ni-l/ii ; the so-called 
false volutes, turnip- 
shells, or pap-boats. 
In Ilir strictest sense, the family is limited to tropical 
species having a pyriform or obconic shell with several 
transverse columellar plaits, and the radula with one 
median triciispid tooth and lateral bicuspid teeth whose 
inner cusp is larger than the outer cusp. The principal 
genus, besides the type, is Cynodonta (or Fonnn). Also 
called Vajtida. 
turbinelloid (ter-bi-nel'oid), a. Of or relating 
to the family TurbiiiiUiilie. 
turbine-pump (tf-r'biu-pump), n. A pump in 
which water is raised by the action of aturbine- 
wheel driven by exterior power in the opposite 
direction from that in which it turns when used 
as a motor. Also called proptBer-p*mf. Com- 
pare tni'ltint . 
Turbinidae (ter-bin'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Tiirlm 
( Tnrhiii-) + -i<la>.] A family of scutibranchiate 
turbot 
gastropods, whose tyjiieal genus is Turbii. The 
tony opercula of tome of the species are known as eye- 
ftunei and *ra-bean*. Vaiion- kind- of turhiiiids are pol- 
ished and much used as mantel-ornaments, etc., under the 
name of tcreath-thrlli. The family has been variously lim- 
ited, and is now usually n>tiii !.<! i" Hi. nnni.-ious spe- 
clea, of all seas but especially uf tropical ones, which have 
a long cirrous appendage of the foot, a pair of Interten- 
tacular lobes, and eleven radnlar teeth In each cross-row. 
The shell is generally turbinate or trochifonn and highly 
nacreous, and its aperture Is cloned with a thick calcareous 
operculum whose nucleus is centric or cccfiitrii:. See cuts 
uii'li T '/')//'- ami /mi* i-<ititr. Also Turbida, Turbinacea. 
turbiniform (tfat^W-nMtem), . [< L. turim 
(turbin-), awheel, top, + forma, form.] Top- 
shaped, as a shell; having turbinate whorls or 
spire; resembling or related to the Turbinidx; 
turbinoid. 
turbinite (ter'bi-nit), n. [< L. turbo (turbin-), 
a top, + -c2.] A fossil shell of the family 
Turliiniilif, or some similar shell. Also tur- 
bite. 
turbinoid (ter'bi-noid), a. [<L. turbo (turbin-), 
a top, + Gr. cWof, form.] Top-shaped; turbini- 
form ; spirally coiled, wreathed, or whorled, as 
the turns of a shell. Specifically applied (a) To 
shells, whetherof foraminifers, gastropods, or cephalopods, 
whose whorls rise in a conical or conoidal figure, as com- 
pared with shells coiled flat in one plane. (D) To gastro- 
pods resembling or related to the Turlnnidx. 
turbit't, a. An obsolete form of turbot. 
turbit 2 (ter'bit), n. [Origin unknown.] A 
breed of domestic pigeons with white body and 
colored wings, ruffled breast, very short stout 
beak, flattened head, and peak-crest or shell- 
crest or both. There are several color-varie- 
ties ; some are whole-colored. 
turbite (ter'bit), n. [< L. turbo, a wheel, top, 
+ -jfe 2 .] Same as turbinite. 
turbitht (ter'bith), . Same as turptth. 
turbitteen (ter-bi-ten'), n. [< turbit 2 + -teen as 
in sateen, velveteen, etc.] A strain of domestic 
pigeons of the turbit breed, which occurs in 
several colors. 
Turbo (ter'bo), H. [NL., < L. turbo (turbin-'), 
a whirl, wheel, top: see turbine.] 1. The typi- 
cal genus of the family 2'urbinidse, formerly very 
extensive, now 
restricted to spe- 
cies with a regu- 
larly turbinated 
shell, rounded 
aperture, smooth 
beveled colurael- 
lar lip, and a cal- 
careous opercu- 
lum with a cen- 
tral or subcentral 
nucleus. Some at- 
tain considerable 
size, and when pol- 
ished show beautiful 
colors, as green, red, 
and pearly-white, the 
last highly iridescent 
with nacreous luster. 
Wreath-shell (Tnr6o marmoratltl}. 
Various species, as T. sarmatifui 
and T. tnanntiratux, are common parlor-ornaments. See 
tea-bean, 3, and cut under operculum. 
2. [I. c.] A shell of this genus, 
turbot (ter'bot), . [Early mod. E. also liirbet. 
turbit, tiirbntte, etc.; < ME. turbote, turbut (= 
MD. turbot, terbot, tarbot, D. tarbot) ; cf. Ir. tur- 
bit = Gael, turbaid = W. torbirt (prob. < E.) = 
Bret, turboden, turbozcn (prob. < F.); < OF. tur- 
bot, a turbot, prob. < L. turbo (iurbin-), a top (cf. 
ML. turbo, a turbot ; Gr. ptujor, a top, also a 
turbot). The ME. forms turbut, turhiitte appar. 
simulate a connection with btitft, which is con- 
tained in lialibut.] 1. One of the larger flat- 
fishes, Pxetta niiuiinii (formerly Khombus majci- 
mus), belonging to the family I'leuronevtiiln. 
With the exception of the halibut, the* turbot is the largest 
flatfish of European waters, attaining a weight of from SO 
Cynodtmta forttigrrn. 
Turbot (Pirlta 
to 4" pounds. It is white on the lower or blind side: the 
colored upper side is of variegated dark-brownish shades, 
and the tins are much spotted. It Is very highly esteemed 
as a food-fish. Also called bannttck-flutft. 
