turn 
He strewed the clly . . . with salt, having drat turned 
up the ground with a plough. Cori/ni, c'ru. lilies. I. 1:11. 
(b) To bring or put a different sin-fan- or aide uppermost ; 
place with the face upward : as, to turn up a card. 
Your lordship is the most patient in. in in loss, the most 
coldest thai ever (.</ upace. Shale., rymlu -line, ii. :(. i 
(c) To give an upward turn oriliruction to; bring th<- ,-nd, 
tip, or point nt nppennost; tilt up: as, to (urn up one's 
nose (an expression of contempt). 
Her deuotion at the Church Is much in the turning up 
of her e>e, ;tm! turning downe the leafu in her Booke 
when slu-e heai'es nain d Chapter and Vere. 
Bp. Kurli; Mirro-cosnioKi-aphiu, A Shee Precise Hypocrite. 
(rf) To refer to in a book : as, to (urn up a passage or text. 
To turn upon (or on), to direct or cause to operate upon 
or against ; nence, to cast back upon ; retort : as, he turned 
his sword upnn himself ; to (urn the arguments ot an op- 
pi'Ment upim himself. To turn up one's toes, to die. 
[Slang.] Turned commas, reversed commas ("X used 
In marking the beginning of a quotation, and under a 
word or words to indicate repetition. Turning-off ma- 
chine, in Ktoclring-manuf., a machine for closing the seam 
In stockings which have been knit flat K. //. Knight. 
II. intrant. 1. To have a revolving or roll- 
ing motion; move round, as on an axis, pivot, 
or hinge ; revolve. 
lie that is giddy thinks the world turns round. 
Shale., T. of the 8., v. 2. 20. 
If it (a cannon-ball] should strike any part of the body 
when the velocity ... is greatly diminished, it doe not 
carry it away, . . . but, In consequence of Its circular or 
rolling motion, it turns round the part, in the same man- 
ner as a wheel passes over a limb. 
J. M. Carnochan, Operative Surgery, p. 134. 
Hence 2. Figuratively, to move as on a point 
of support; hinge; depend: with on 01 upon : 
as, the question turns upon this point. 
The Chorai ought to turn upon the Argument of the 
Drama, and support the Design of the Acts. 
Jeremy Cottier, Short View (ed. 1698), p. 149. 
Great evenU often turn upon very small circumstances. 
Strift, Conduct of Allies. 
A playfulness that turned on her supposed oddity was 
not at all to Maggie's taste. 
George Eliot, Mill on the Floss, ii. 1. 
3. To move so as to face in a different direction 
or in some specified direction ; direct one's face, 
course, efforts, attentions, thoughts, etc. (in 
some particular direction) : as, to turn toward 
Mecca in prayer ; to turn down a shady lane ; 
I know not which way to turn. 
At tins present time of It speke no more, 
Vnto my purpos torn shall I therfore. 
/torn, of Partenay (E. E. T. 8.), 1. 618. 
Abjure this magic, turn to God again. 
Miiflnii,; Doctor Faustua, it 1. 
I know not where to turn. O, welcome home ! 
Shale., Cor., II. 1. 197. 
Trust me. Sir, I thought we had wanted three miles of 
this house ; . . . now we are at it, we'll turn into it, and 
refresh ourselves with a cup of drink. 
/. Walton, Complete Angler, p. 56. 
Just within the Gate, we turned up a Street on the left 
hand, and were conducted by the Consul to his own house. 
Maundrell, Aleppo to Jerusalem, p. 67. 
Great souls by instinct to each other (urn, 
Demand alliance, and in friendship burn. 
Addition, The Campaign. 
There Is no Point of the Compass to which they cannot 
turn, and by which they are not turn'd. 
Congrem, Way of the World, Ii. 6. 
4. To change the position or posture of the 
body, as in bed; shift or roll from one side to 
the other. 
I (urn'd and try'd each corner of my bed, 
To find if sleep were there, but sleep was loit. 
Drydrn. 
5. To change direction; take an opposite or 
different course or way. 
Then si, all thou see the dew-bedabbled wretch 
Turn, and re-diro, indenting with the way. 
Shale., Venus and Adonis, 1. 704. 
6. Specifically, to put about; tack. 
He spy'd a Dutch Sloop turning to get into the Road, 
and saw her at the evening Anchor at the West end of 
the Island. Dampier, Voyages, I. 52. 
7. To change one's attitude or policv; hence, 
to rebel; offer resistance; show fight: often 
with upon : as, to turn upon one's accuser. See 
to turn on (a), below. 
Should I turn upon the true prince? 
Shak., 1 Hen. IV., II. 4. 297. 
Even the instinctive worm on which we tread 
Turns, though it would not. 
Shelley, Julian and Maddalo. 
8. To retract) one's steps ; go or come back ; 
return. 
Either thou wilt die, by God's just ordinance. 
Ere from this war thou (wrn a conqueror, 
Or I with grief and extreme age shall perish, 
And never look upon thy face again. 
Shale., Rich. III., IT. 4. 184. 
9. To retreat ; run away ; also, to desert ; go 
over to the enemy. [Rare.] 
6539 
Whan thl haf .,' thi (lordoneii dcsertit, 
An' tnrnir wi' Murray In a crack. 
r.n tile ofCorichu (Child's Ballads, VII. 218). 
10. To change nr become altered in nature, 
character, quality, appearance, or the like; be 
converted, transformed, or transmuted : hence, 
in general, to become; grow: as, to turn gray; 
to turn pale. 
He that kepeth It clanly a yere, aftre that yere, hyt 
turneth yii to Flesche and Bloode. 
MandeciUe, Travel!, p. 124. 
Thy mirth shall turn to moan. 
Shut., 1 Hen. VI., ii. 3. 44. 
All the happiness 
Bestow'd upon me turn* into disgrace. 
Beau, and /'/., Maid's Tragedy, lit. 1. 
Why how now eyes? what now ? what 's heere to do? 
I'me gone, or I shall straite tunu baby to. 
Ueywond, Woman Killed with Kindness (Works, 
[ed. 1874, II. 150). 
That every one who turned Christian was >ure by that 
means to forfeit the favour of his prince, and to be looked 
upon as an apostate from the religion of his country. 
Bp. Atterbury, Sermons, I. ill. 
Their design was to turn pirates, and plunder the Span- 
lards. Sw\ft, Gulliver's Travels, iv. 1. 
Yon're a nice article, to turn sulky on first coming 
home! Dickent, Martin Chuzzlewlt, xxvi. 
One of them asked her when her hair had begun to turn. 
Barper't Hay., LXXVII. 135. 
In particular (a) To shift. 
Now all this Scene shall to Arcadia turn, 
The Seat of happy Nymphs and Swains. 
Congreoe, Semele, Ii. :;. 
(6) To change from a fresh or sweet condition ; become 
sour or spoiled, as milk or elder. 
Cow-milk thus prepared I judge to be better for a con- 
sumption than ass-milk, which . . . turneth not so easily, 
but is a little harsh. Bacon, Nat Hist.. J 51. 
(<) To become light, dizzy, or giddy, as the head or brain ; 
reel ; hence, to become distracted, demented, or mad. 
Ill look no more, 
Lest my brain turn. Shot., Lear, iv. 6. 23. 
(') To become nauseated, qualmish, sick, or disgusted, as 
the stomach, (e) To become Inclined In another direc- 
tion. (.11 To change from ebb to flow or from flow to ebb, 
aa the tide. 
The tide turned, and rushed as fiercely in the opposite 
direction. Macaulay, Von Ranke's Hist. Popes. 
11. To be changeable, fickle, or inconstant; 
vacillate. 
She bade love last, and yet she fell a-(urnin^. 
Shak., Passionate Pilgrim, L 100. 
12. To tend; result: with to. 
I asked If he was unwilling to be made known.- to some 
greate man, for that I believed It might turn to his profit. 
Evelyn, Diary, Jan. 18, 1671. 
Of late the West India coffee, which Is not 10 good, has 
sold so cheap that It does not (urn to account to send It 
to England. Poeoeke, Description of the East, I. 134. 
13. To take form on the lathe; undergo the 
process of turning on a lathe : as, ivory turns 
well To turn about, to turn the face in another direc- 
tion ; wheel or face about : as, he turned about and faced 
me. 
O think na ye my heart was wae, 
When I tnrn'ii about, away to gae? 
The Lament of the Border Widow (Child's Ballads, III. S"). 
To turn again, (a) To return. 
Onre Lady cam to hem, and bad hem taurnrn ajen. 
Mandeville, Travela, p. 61. 
Therefore, ye children of Israeli, turne agayne, like as 
ye haue exceaded in your goinge backe. 
Bible of 1551, Isa, xxxi. 6. 
His big manly voice, 
Turning again toward childish treble. 
Win*., At you Like it, ii. 7. 162. 
(6) To make a stand and face the enemy; turn on an 
enemy. 
Can honour pull the wings of fearful cowards, 
And make 'em turn again like tigers? 
Fletcher, Valentlnlan. III. 3. 
To turn against, to rebel against; become unfriendly 
or hostile to : as, my friends have all turned against me. 
To turn aside, (a) To leave a straight course; go 
off in a different direction. 
I have therefore turned atide from that beaten path, and 
chosen though a less easy yet a more profltable way. 
Hooter, Eccles. Polity, L 16. 
(6) To withdraw from the presence or the notice of others ; 
avert the face : as, to (urn axide to hide one's blushes. 
To turn away, (a) To leave a straight or usual course ; 
deviate ; depart. 
When the righteous turnrth away from his righteous- 
ness, . . . shall he live? Ezek. xvUi. 24. 
(6) To turn the face in another direction ; avert one's 
looks. 
She paused, she turned aieay, she hung her head. 
Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien. 
To turn back, to go or come back ; return. 
Turn bade to me, 
And play the mother's part 
Shak., Sonnets, cxlili. 
To turn in. (a) To bend or point inward : as, his toes 
(urn in. (ft) To enter. 
Turn iu, I pray you, into your servant's house. 
Gen. xix. 2. 
turn 
Take ye that, my hlreman chlel. 
And (urn in here and dine. 
The Ilirrman Cliirl (( liild'H Ballads, VIII. 236). 
'1 here is nothing so interesting as one of these Oriental 
cafes, and so I turned in from tile street, drew a square 
straw-covered stool up to a low table, and held up ..K. 
flnger. The Century. M.I I. 77 
(c) To go to bed. [Colloq. ] 
I mean to toss a can, and remember my sweetheart, 
afore I turn in. Gangrene, Love for Love, III. 15. 
No man can be a sailor, or know what sailors are, unless 
he has lived in the forecastle with them turned in and 
out with them, and eaten from the common kid. 
R. a. Dana, Jr., Before the Mast, p. 57. 
(d) To turn about. To turn Off, to deviate from a course ; 
be diverted : as, the road turn* offtv the right. To turn 
on or upon, (a) To show anger, resentment, or hostility 
toward ; confront in a hostile or angry manner. 
Turn nn the bloody hounds with heads of steel. 
Skat., 1 Hen. VL, Iv. 2. 61. 
Pompcy turned upon him again, and in effect bade him 
be quiet. Bacon, Friendship. 
(6) See def. 2. To turn out. (a) To bend or point out- 
ward : as, her toes (urn out. (6) To come abroad ; assem- 
ble out of doors ; muster : as, the volunteers turned out 
In force ; the people turned out to tee the show. 
Then from every house and hamlet the men turned out. 
C. D. Warner, Backlog Studies, p. 125. 
(c) Specifically, of workmen, to abandon work In order to 
go on strike. 
" What do you say to a strike, by way of something pleas- 
ant to talk about? " " Hare the hands actually turned out f " 
asked Mrs. Thornton. Mrn.datkeU, North and South, xvlil. 
(<i) To get out of bed ; rise. [Colloq. 1 (e) To prove In the 
result or issue ; appear or show In the end ; terminate ; re- 
sult : as, the affair turned out better than was expected. 
That you have a wealthy uncle I have heard ; hut how 
your expectations will (urn 'out Is more, I believe, than 
you can tell. Sheridan, School for Scandal, ill. .1. 
I never had a wife, but I have had two or three broom- 
stick matches, though they never turned out happy. 
Mayhew, London Labour and London Poor, I. 353. 
To torn over, to move, shift, or change from side to side, 
or from top to nottom : as, to turnover In bed. To turn 
round, (a) To turn 10 as to face the other way ; reverse 
one'i position. (6) To reverse one's opinions or relations : 
go over to another side or party : as, he turned round and 
voted with the Whigs. To turn rusty. See ruttya. 
To turn to. (a) [To, prep.) (1) To be directed toward: 
as, the needle turn* to the pole. (2) To tend to ; result 
or terminate In. Compare def. 12. (3) To apply one's Kit 
to; betake one's self to; direct one's efforts or attention 
to ; resort to. 
What Is that which I should (urn to, lighting upon days 
like these? 
Every door is barr'd with gold, and opens but to golden 
keys. Tennyion, Locksley Hall, 
(ft) [To, adv.] To begin operations ; set to work. 
I found that no time was allowed for day -dreaming, but 
that we must (urn to at the first light 
B. H. Dana, Jr., Before the Malt, p. 8. 
ToturnTurfc See Turk. To turn under, to be bent, 
doubled, or folded downward or under. To turnup, (a) 
To point upward : as, her noie tuna up slightly. (6) To 
come to tin- surface ; hence, to come to light ; appear ; 
happen ; occur : as, to be waiting for something to (urn up. 
Those accidental visitations of fortune are like prizes 
in the lottery, which must not be put into the year's In- 
come till they (urn up. 
Sydney Smith, To John Allen, Jan. 24, 1813. 
"And then," said Mr. Mlcawber, ... "I shall, please 
Heaven, begin to be beforehand with the world, . . . if 
In short, if anything (urna up." 
Dickeni, David Copperfleld, xl. 
If after three thousand years a black swan tuna up, 
must we not suppose it possible that In three thousand 
years more we may see a candle burn In an atmosphere of 
pure nitrogen ? J. Fitke, Coimlc Phllos. , L 54. 
(e) To turn belly upward : said of a dying whale. 
turn (tern ), n. [Early mod. E. also tourn, tourne, 
torn; < ME. turn, tourn, torn, < OF. tourn, tour, 
a turn, trick, round, etc., F. tour, a round, 
travel, tour, etc.; from the verb. Cf. tour'*.] 
1. Movement about a center ; circular motion : 
rotation ; revolution : as, the turn of a wheel ; 
a turn of the wrist. 
His Passion Is Metamorphos'd In the Turn of a hand. 
Jeremy Cottier, Short View (ed. 1698), p. 227. 
A gallant daunce, that liuely doth bewray 
A spirit and avertue masculine, . . . 
With lofty turnet and capriols In the ayre. 
Sir J. Dane*. Dancing. 
2. A turning into another or a different way ; 
a change of movement or direction ; a devia- 
tion ; also, the point at which such a change of 
course is made. 
True Repentance is the (urn of the whole Soul from 
the Love as well as the Practice of Sin. 
Stillingfleel, Sermons, III. I. 
When one sees the beggars and the commonplace and 
shabby condition of Spanish Granada, ... he may per- 
haps give a new (urn to his reflections by visiting Tetuan. 
C. D. Warner, Roundabout Journey, p. 181. 
Specifically (a) Change to an opposite direction, or the 
point at which such change is effected : as, the (urn of the 
tide. (6) Deviation from a straight-line course or direc- 
tion -. bend : curve ; flexure ; angle : as, a (urn in the road 
cut off the view 
