turnbuckle 
gle-screw turnbuckle, :i swlvel-link used for connect- 
irr-; ItffQtning-rodii 
Turnbull's blue. A species of Prussian blue 
which is thrown down when poliissiiini ferri- 
cy;iiiide (red pnissiate of potiish) is added to a 
solution of ;i ferrous siill. When dry it has a 
beautiful blue color with a reddish luster. 
turncap (terii'knp). . A chimney-top which 
turns round with the wind. 
turncoat (tern'kot),". [< turn, r., + obj.<-oa<2.] 
One who "turns his coat" that is, forsakes 
his party or principles. 
Beat. Courtesy II self must convert to disdain, If you 
i '"tin- in litT presence. 
Iti'iif. I h.'u i . i uiirtesv a tiTitcottt. 
SVirt*., Much Ado, i. I. 125. 
Crafty Turn-coat! Arc you not asham'd to shift hands 
thus in things that are Sacicil ' 
iliitvn, Ana. to Sulmaslus, Prcf., p. 18. 
turncock (tern'kok), . The servant of a water- 
company who turns on the water for the mains, 
regulates the fire-plugs, etc. 
A meditative turncock . . . gives the lire-pin); a dis- 
paraging wrench with that large tuning-fork of his. 
ItifkeiiK. I ncommerciul Traveller, xxi. 
turn-down (tern'doun), a. Folded or doubled 
down. 
The other lad was . . . plainly dressed, but with a high- 
ly-developed Byronic (um-dwmt collar. 
Kiiiytltii, Two Years Ago, i. 
turned-shells (ternd'shelz), . pi. The gastro- 
pod family .li'l:i'nniil;i: 
turnementt, . An old spelling of tourtmmcnt. 
turnept, An old spelling of turnip. 
turner 1 (ter'ner), . [< ME. turner, titriiere; < 
turn + -(!; in def. 4, < G. turner, one who per- 
forms, exercises, or practises gymnastics, a 
gymnast, < turneit, practise gymnastics, < F. 
tiiuriin; turn: see turn.'} 1. Oue who or that 
which turns; specifically, one whose occupation 
involves work with a lathe. 
Turner* of vessels. 
ZMnuMm of Troy (E. E. T. S.), I. lf.88. 
Sometimes all wound close in a ring, to which as fast they 
spun 
As any wheel a turner makes, being tried how it will run. 
Chapman, Iliad, xviii. 545. 
2. A small piece of fire-clay molded into the 
form of a segment of a sphere, and serving as 
a pivotal support to a small circular disk which 
itself supports a watch-dial while in the en- 
ameliug-furnace, during which time it must be 
constantly turned to subject the enamel to uni- 
form conditions of heat. 3. In seal-fishing: () 
Same as turncr-lmrp. (It) Same as iiinicr-liood. 
4. Atumbler; a gymnast; specifically [r//.]. 
a member of one oif the gymnastic bodies (G. 
T u r ii re re i tie) first instituted by F. L. Jahu about 
1811, and especially in favor among Germans. 
5. A kind of tumbler-pigeon, 
turner- (ter'ner), a. [Prob. a popular vat. of 
tiini<'i/~.] A Scottish copper coin issued by 
c,.-, I 1 
Obverse. Reverse. 
Turner of Charles 11. Btitish Museum. <Size of the original.) 
James VI. and by later sovereigns, worth 2rf. 
Scotch (about one third of a United Stati s 
cent) at the time of issue. Compare bodle. 
Tumera (tnr'ner-ii), U. [NL. (Plumier, 1703), 
named after W. /Wrftor (about the middle of 
the Kith century), a physician, author (1551) 
of an English herbal.] A genus of polypeta- 
lous plants, type of the order TVnMftMMF. It Is 
characterized by usually perigynoils stamens and by three 
or more multifld stigmas. There are M species, natives c,f 
tropical America, with one naturalized in the (lid World. 
They are herbs or shrubs with scattered leaves, which are. 
often (turd-bearing at the base. The Howers are yellow, 
and usually solitary in the axils, peculiar in the fnquani 
union of the peduncle with the petiole, the flower there- 
fore seeming to spring from the base of the leaf. Scvet :,l 
species are cultivated under glass for their very handsome 
11,'uers, which often resemble those of Thunberina. T. 
apifem is used as an astringent in Brazil. 7'. iimtfoNa, 
a species widely distributed from the West Indies to Bra- 
zil, and known as hni:-,-n* unit naijf-roxf. is a reputed tonic 
and expectorant. The stimulant ilrntr damiami is largely 
prepared from T. miernphylla, and from T. tli/um and its 
variety a/'An*/<Vmn(, especially from the latter, which is 
a native of Texas, Mexico, ana Lower California. This, 
which is widely known by the name dtiuiinua, isnlso used, 
in the form of a hot tea. as a Uood-puiflw and as a bever- 
age, and is si>M in preparations with spirits as 11 tonic or 
diuretic, as well as f,>i alleviating colic and nervous dis- 
orders, sec cut in next column. 
Flowering Plant or Damiana ( Tr*era ttiffuta, var. 
a, a flower ; l>, the calyx anil the two bracts i c. the fruit. 
Turneraceae (tur-ne-ra'se-e), . pi. [NL. 
(Kunth, 1823), < Turnera +' -ticete.] An order 
of polypetalous plants, of the cohort I'assifio- 
rales. It is characterized by bisexual flowers with five 
stamens, and a free ovary with three distinct filiform styles 
which are usually two-cleft and flabellately fringed. The 
85 species are classed in 6 genera, of which Turntra Is 
the type. They are mostly American and tropical; three 
yellow. flowered species of one genus, Piritruela, extend 
into Florida or North Carolina. 
turner-harp (ter'uer-hartO, . A harp-seal of 
the age of three years. [Newfoundland.] 
turner-hood (terner-hiid), n. The hooded sel 
in its third year, when turning to be an old 
hood. [Newfoundland.] 
turnerite (ter'ner-H), . [After Edward Tur- 
ner, an English chemist and mineralogist.] A 
variety of monazite occurring in small brilliant 
crystals of a yellowish-brown color. 
Turner's cerate. See cerate. 
Turner's yellow. See yellow. 
turnery (ter'ner-i), n. ; pi. turneries (-iz). 
[Formerly also tonrnerie; < F. tournerie, turn- 
ers' work, < tnurner, turn : see torn.] 1. Turn- 
ing; especially, the forming of articles upon a 
lathe. 2. Articles made, or partly made, on 
the turning-lathe. 
In another room are such rare turneriet in Ivory as are 
not to be described for their curiosity. 
Evelyn, Diary, Oct. 22, 1044. 
3. Ornamentation produced by means of the 
turning-lathe, as bands or grooves running 
around an object of wood or ivory. 
Chairs of wood, . . . the backs, arms, and legs loaded 
with turnery. U. Walpiile. 
4. A place where articles are turned. 
It would probably pay well to establish small turnerim 
in the works, to use up odds and ends of timber now 
wasted. Spans' Encyc. Manvf., I. 13. 
turneyH (ter'ni), r. and . An obsolete spell- 
ing of tourney. 
turney 2 t, . [< OF. tournois, a French penny, 
the tenth part of a penny sterling, < F. Tour- 
uois, of or pertaining to Tours, < Tours, a city 
in France. Cf. tournois.] A piece of black 
or copper money current in Ireland in the 
reign of Edward III., coined at Tours and 
surreptitiously introduced. The circulation 
of turueys was prohibited under severe penal- 
ties. 
turn-file (tern'fil), n. An instrument used by 
comb-makers in sharpening a kind of tool called 
a float. 
Turnicidae (ter-nis'i-de), . pi. [NL.. < Tumi* 
(Turnic-) + -iitie.'] A family of birds, typified 
by the genus Turnix; the hemipods. 
Turnicimorphae(ter-nl-si-m6r'fe), H. pi. [NL., 
< Tnrnij- (7 iiniii--) + Gr. popt>>/, form.] A su- 
perfamily of birds: same as Hemipodii. Also 
Tiiriiiriimorplne. 
turnicimorphic (ter-ni-si-mor'fik), a. Having 
the form or structure of the Turniclilse; belong- 
ing to the Tumid ntnr/ilnf. 
turnicine (ter-ni'sin), . Of or pertaining to 
the Turnieitlie. 
turning (ter'uing), n. [< ME. turnyngc, ton ru- 
ling; verbal n. of turn, c.] 1. The act of one 
who or of that which turns. Specifically 2. 
The practice of regular gymnastics according 
to the system of F. L. Jahn. See //</'-'. 4. 
3. A winding; deviation from the straight, di- 
rect, or established course; a bend; a turn; 
also, the place where a road or street diverges 
or branches out from another. 
turning-saw 
At the foot of that Ilille. \!, I, !,is, ,|e, he, that wac Kyng 
"f >al< in, in t her it i- n '//, I,- of Hi at Ilille. incite Abraham In 
comyngeazenfroni Hie Haiti) lie. whan lie ha, I "layn Aliym- 
leche. Maiulenille, Travels, p. 1U. 
They |the ways) were . . . full of windings and intri- 
cate turui,i,j. Coryat, Crudities, I. 02. 
I'll bear you Company t far as the next Tiirnt'nu. 
A'. Daitr:/, tr. of Colloijnles of Krumniis, 1. 115. 
Every turniny In the road showed the boundleu forest 
below in some new point of view. 
Macinilaii, In Trevelyan, I. 337. 
4. Milit., a manoeuver by which :m enemy or 
a position is turned. 5. In obntet., the recti- 
fication of a malpresentation by bringing down 
the head or the feet. Sec nrnimi. 6. The art 
or practice of shaping objects by means of cut- 
t ing-tools while the objects themselves are re- 
volved rapidly on a lathe. 7. pi. The chips 
detached in the process of turning. 8. In 
ceram., the operation of completing or rectify- 
ing the shape of a vase, or the like, before it is 
fired. This la done to give great accuracy of form, and 
avoid the least unevenne&s between opposite sides, and is 
very common in modern manufactme. 
9. A turn ; a movement back and forth. 
Many a tatirneynite 
Upon the freshe gra&se spryngnge. 
Rim. of the Rate. 1. 1407. 
10. The part of any textile fabric, leather, or 
any similar material turned in or under, to 
avoid making a raw edge. -Turning In. the opera- 
tlon of bending a rope firmly around a deadeye in the 
score, also called utrappiny the deadeye. Turning up, 
in bookbindiny, the taking of the round out of the back 
of a book by the use of trindles, to enable the forwarder 
to cut the book on the fore edge. It is done only on 
board-work. 
turning-bridge (ter'ning-brij), n. Same as turn- 
bridge. 
turning-carrier (ter'ning-kar v i-er), . A lathe- 
dog: a lathe-carrier. 
turning-chisel (ter'ning-chiz'el), n. A chisel 
for finishing work which has been roughed out 
by the gouge. Such chisels are made In different foi m-. 
some being rectangular with an oblique whet, and some 
having a chisel-edge chamfered on both sides of the blade, 
the edge crossing the end of the blade obliquely. A'. //. 
Knight. 
turning-engine (ter'ning-en'jin), n. A lathe 
fitted with an engine of some kind to turn it 
without the use o? the treadle or hand-power. 
turning-gage (ter'ning-gaj),K. 1. A gage, often 
improvised^ for measuring the width and deter- 
mining the shape of a cutting. 2. A gage used 
in setting the tail-stock of a lathe in adjusting 
it for turning tapers. 
tuming-gOUge (ter'ning-gouj), M. Any one of 
a set of gouges used in turning, having the cor- 
ners of trie bit rounded off, and generally hav- 
ing a longer handle than gouges used in car- 
pentry and cabinet-making. 
turning-lathe (ter'ning-laTH), . A lathe used 
by turners in wood or ivory. See lathe 1 , turn, 
v. t., 2, turner 1 , turning. 
turning-machine (ter'ning-ma-shen'), n. In 
boot-mnking, a machine for turning boot-legs 
after the seams have been sewed and rolled 
flat. E. H. Knight. 
turning-mill (ter'ning-mil), n. A machine- 
tool for boring heavy ironwork. It is a form 
of horizontal lathe. E. H. Knight. 
turningnesst (ter'ning-nes), . The quality of 
turning; tergiversation; subterfuge. 
So nature formed him to all tiirninanea of sleights. 
Sir i: .<- ' 
turning-piece (t6r'ning-pes), n. In arch., a 
board having a circular edge for turning a thin 
brick arch upon. 
turning-plate (ter'ning-plat), n. 1. Same as 
tuni-tiililc. 2. Same as fifth irhcel (which see, 
under Jifth). K. H: Kni'gltt. 
turning-point (ter'ning-point),ii. 1. The point 
on whicfi a thing turns ; the point at which mo- 
tion in one direction ceases and that in a con- 
trary or different direction begins ; the point 
at which a decisive change takes place, as from 
good to bad, from increase to decrease, or the 
opposite. 2. In engin., a temporary bench or 
liench-mark, the exact elevation of which is 
determined in leveling before the instrument is 
advanced, as a starting-point for determining 
its height after resetting. 
turning-rest (tar'ning-rest), w. 1. In homi- 
ttiriiiiiit, a support, usually of iron, upon which 
the cutting extremity of the turning-tool is 
rested as on a fulcrum. It is usually socketed 
in an adjustable support clamped to' the frame 
of the lathe. 2. A slide-rest. 
turning-saw (ter'ning-sa), n. 1. A saw with 
a thin blade which can make a curved kerf, 
