turnstile 
turnstile (tern'stil), . t< <'"' 
6543 
A turntalet (torn'tal), . [<turn. I-..+ /.>>.] An 
no -it surmounted l,y four lion/ontal n mis which apostrophe. See the quo! at ion under tiini,,,..,. 
move round as a person pMM*tbfOngh| a turn- tum-tippett (tern'tip't-t), H. (< turn. r..+ t<i>- 
pike. Tunitllearci-.sualiy placed, ,n inads, bridges, or i'i-t.] Aturncoat; a time-server, 
other places, either to prevent tin- passage of cattle, horses, fj, e p r | v( t, for the most part, were double-faced, turn- 
tippets, and Hatterer*. 
Cranmer, Works (Parker Soc.X II. 15. (Damet.) 
turn-under (tern'un''der), H. Same as fall- 
Turnstile, with Turnstile rev, , , 
vehicles, etc., but to admit that of person*, or to bar a pas- 
sage until toll or passage-money is collected ; they are also 
placed (sometimes with a turnstile-register) at the en- 
hance of buildings, as where there Is a charge for admis- 
sion, or where it is desired to prevent the entrance of too 
many persons at one time. 
turnstile-register (tern'stil-rej'is-ter), w. A 
recording device for registering the number of 
persons passing through a turnstile, as at the 
entrance of a toll-bridge, a place of amuse- 
ment, etc. It works by means of gear-wheels. 
turnstone (tem'ston), . [< turn, v., + obj. 
xtonc.] A small grallatorial bird of the genus 
Hlrrpgilag, allied both to plovers and to sand- 
pipers: so called from its habit of turning over 
little stones or pebbles on the sea-shore in search 
of food. The common turnstone or sea-dotterel Is S. in- 
terpret. In full summer plumage this is one of the hand 
somest of its tribe, being pled with black, brown, white, 
and chestnut-red, and having orange feet; it Is 8 to 9 
Inches long, and about 17 In extent of wings. It Is nearly 
. 
turn-up (tern'up), n. [< turn /<: see under 
turn.] 1. A disturbance; a commotion; a 
shindy or scrimmage. 
I have seen many a turn-up, and some pitched battles 
among the yokels ; anil, though one or two were rther too 
sanguinary fur my taste, no serious mischief was done. 
Xoeta Ambrotiana, Dec., 1884. 
2. One who or that which turns up unexpect- 
edly or without prearrangement. 
The type of men of which Emerson and Carlyle are the 
most pronounced and influential example* in our time, It 
must be owned, are comparatively a new turn-up In liter- 
ature. The Century, XXVII. 926. 
[Colloq. or slang in both uses.] 
turnuS (ter'nus), H. [< ML. turilUS, the specific 
,, ame < L. Tuning, a man's name.] The ti- 
Q ,lnllr,wtoil ;,/,// tiinniv n. lare-e vollow 
RPr-swallowtail. / /" nix, a 
streaked-back, red-legs, red-legged plover, bishop plover, 
maggot-snipe, horse-font snipe, cnuckatvck, creddoclr, jinny, 
etc., derived from its appearance or habits Among its 
T ......... ne ,* **,,. in fun ,,, 
English names are llebridal sandpiper and mrietjatetl 
placer, stone-i>rrk.r. tamjle picker, etc. The black-headed 
turnstone. S. melamicephalus, is a different variety or spe- 
cies, mostly of a blackish color, found on the coasts of the 
North Pacific. See Strepnlas. Plover-billed turn- 
stone. Same as surf-bird. Seebohm. 
turn-table (tern'ta'bl), H. 1. A circular plat- 
form designed to turn upon its center, and sup- 
ported by a series of wheels that travel upon a 
circular track laid under the edge of the plat- 
form. This is the original form of the railroad turn- 
table, and Is still in use. The platform is laid with a sin- 
gle line of rails, and the running-gear, pivot, wheels, etc., 
a A 
Turn-table. 
a, side elevation of turn-table, pivoteii at the central pier A ; A, 
rollers which support the ends and u|x>n which the latter turn around 
on .1 circular flat-topped rail ; i, (', fixed rails and turn-table rails 
respectively. 
are sunk in a circular pit. so that the track is level with 
the eonm'eting tracks. In some cases a second line of 
rails is laid on the platform, at right angles with the first, 
The turn-table for turning locomotives, as at the end of 
lnc-,1 lines, is now usually simply a wooden or iron girder. 
pivoted at the center and having each end supported on 
ulieeNtliat tnnvc nn a rimilar traek in a pit, the plat- 
form being dispensed with. Small turn-tables for moving 
cars from one track to another, as in narrow yards where 
there is no room for curves or switches, are sometimes 
used. Also called t<iriiiii<i-iiutr. 
2. A device used in tracing the circular cenMBt- 
cells for microscope-slides. E. II. Kniijht. 
black-striped swallow-tailed butterfly common 
in the United States. One striking variety of the fe- 
male has the wings entirely black. The larva, of a deep 
velvety-green color, feeds on sassafras, alder, willow, oak, 
apple, and various other trees. 
turnverein (torn'fe-rin'), H. [G. turn-Herein, < 
tiirnrii, practise gymnastics (see turn, turner), 
+ verein, union, association, < ver-, E. for-, + 
rin, one, = E. one.] An association for the 
practice of gymnastics according to the system 
of the turners. See turner 1 , 4. 
turnwayt (tern'wa), 11. [< turn, r., + my 1 , M.] 
An apostrophe. [Rare.] 
Many times, when we haue rtinne a long race in our tale 
spoken to the hearers, we do sodainly flye out & either 
speake or cxclaime at some other person or thing, and 
therefore the Greekes call such a figure (as we do) the 
tttrnicay or ttirntale. 
Pultenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 199. 
turn-wrest (tern'rest), a. Noting a plow having 
a reversible mold-board, whereby a furrow may 
be turned either to the right or to the left, ac- 
cording to the position of the mold-board. 
Turonian (tu-ro'ni-an), n. [Irreg. < Tourainr 
in France, where the system is well developed, 
+ -Jan.] In grol., a division of the Cretaceous 
system, according to the continental geologists. 
It lies between the Ceiiomanlan and the Senonlan, and is 
the equivalent of the English Lower Chalk, or " Chalk with 
out flints" the chalk of the cliffs of Dover and Shake- 
speare Cliff. In the more detailed nomenclature of the 
French geologists it includes the Santonian and Cam- 
panian. 
turpentine (ter'pen-tin), n. [Formerly also ter- 
pcntine; < ME. turbcntyne = MD. tcrpentyn, tcr- 
nientijii, D. terpentijn=:(-T. Sw. Dan. terpentin, < 
OF. tiirbentinc, tercbentinc, turpentine, tereben- 
tliine, ML. terrbintina, NL. terebinthina, turpen- 
tine, < L. terebinthina (so. resina), fern, of tere- 
/liiithiiius, of the terebinth, < terebinthus, < Gr. 
reptpivdos, terebinth: see terebinth, and cf. tere- 
binthine.] 1. An oleoresinous substance se- 
creted by the wood or bark of a number of 
trees, all coniferous except the terebinth, which 
yields Chian turpentine. It consist* chiefly of an 
essential hydrocarbon oil (CjoHig) and a resin called 
colophomi or rosin. The common turpentine is derived in 
France from the maritime pine, Pinus maritima (French 
or Bordeaux turpentine); in Russia and Germany, from 
the Si-nti-hpine, P. sylventris ; in Austria and Corsica, from 
the Corsican pine, P. Laricio; in the East Indies and 
Japan, from several pines; and in the United States, most 
largely In North Carolina, from the southern or long- 
leafed pine, R palu*tris and somewhat from the loblolly - 
pine. /'. T.f:la. For other turpentines, see the phrases 
below. In the rnitcd states turpentine is obtained by 
cutting a pocket 111 the side of the tree (boxing), whence 
it is periodically collected. In France the less destrue- 
turpin 
tire method is practised of removing a piece of bark and 
roiiilui-tiiii: tin- t!<>w into cartln-n v. >-> 1-. 'I In- crude 
turpentine is subjected to distillation, separating tin nil. 
or so-called spirit or spirit* of turpentine, from the rosin 
the oil In the ca*e of the long-leafed pine constituting, 
It U said, 17 per cent., and In the case of the maiil inn- 
pine 24 per cent. This when pure is limpid and colorless, 
of a penetrating peculiar odor, and a pungent Uttertih 
taste, spirit of turpentine is \ci> ttlowTll) used In 
mixing paints and varnishes. In medicine it Is stimulant 
and diuretic, an anthelinintic, and externally a rllliefarii-i.t 
and counter-irrlUnt. 
Men ellen a Gome, that Men clepen Turbentyne, In 
tede of Bawme ; and thel putten there to a littllle llawme 
for to jeven gode Odour. MandemUe, Travels, p. 61. 
2. The oil or spirit of turpentine; turps: an 
ordinary but less precise use Aleppo turpen- 
tine, an article resembling, but not equal to, the Hordeatix 
turpentine, obtained In Provence from I'inut Haltpenm*. 
Canada turpentine, Canada balsam. (See baltam.) 
During the American civil war, turpentine of the com- 
mon sort was obtained from the Canadian red pine, Pinut 
rrrinota. - Carpathian turpentine, usually called Car- 
pathian balsam, a turpentine from the Kwis* stone pine, 
Pinu* Cetnora. Chian turpentine, the product of the 
turpentine-tree (which see), obtained by Incision. It 1* of 
a feebly aromatic and terebinthlnous flavor, not bitter or 
acrid, and of a characteristic pleasantly aromatic and tre- 
binthinous scent. It was formerly of medicinal repute, 
then fell nearly into disuse, but latterly has been used with 
some success for cancer. Also Cyprian or Sciu turpentine. 
~ Hungarian turpentine, the product of the dwarf pine, 
f'inusPimiilio, usually called Uungarian balsam, an ar- 
ticle scarcely met with in commerce. Its essential oil Is 
used as an inhalant in throat-diseases. - Larch turpen- 
tine Same as Venetian turpentine. Mineral turpen- 
tine, a deodorized benzoin used in painting as a substi- 
tute for turpentine. Sclo turpentine. Same as Chian 
turpentine. Strasburg turpentine, the product of the 
silver fir, Abie alba, much resembling common turpen- 
tine, but pleasantly odorous, and not acrid and bitter. It 
was formerly much esteemed In medicine, but I* now 
nearly obsolete. Turpentine camphor. Same as arti- 
ficial camphor. See camphor. Turpentine ointment, 
see ointment. Venetian or Venice turpentine, the 
oleoresln of the European larch, Larix Eurupira, secreted 
chiefly In Its napwooa. It is less siccative than any other 
kind. It is useful for plasters, and is often prescribed 
in veterinary practice; but the genuine article is con- 
sumed mostly in continental Europe, 
turpentine (ter'pen-tin), v. t. [< turpentine, .] 
To apply turpentine to ; rub with turpentine. 
Or Martyr beat like Shrovetide cocks with bat*, 
And fired like turptntiMd poor wasting rat*. 
P. Pindar), Subject* for Painters. 
turpentine-hack (ter'pen-tin-hak), n. A hand- 
tool for cutting or boxing pine-trees, to starl 
the flow of crude turpentine. E. H. Knight. 
turpentine-moth (ter'pen-tln-mdth), . Any 
one of several tortricid moths whose larvae bore 
the twigs and shoots of pine and fir, causing 
an exudation of resin and killing the twig. Re- 
tinia rerinana Is the common turpentine-moth of Europe ; 
R. comstockianamd R.fnutana are common in the I jilted 
State*. 
turpentine-oil (ter' pen-tin-oil), H. The oil of 
turpentine. Bee turpen tine. Also called pine- 
oil Hydrochlorate of turpentine-oil, artificial cam- 
phor. See camphor. 
turpentine-still (ter'pen-tin-stil), . An ap- 
paratus for distilling spirit from turpentine, or 
turpentine from pine-wood. 
turpentine-tree (ter'pen-tin-tre), . I. The 
terebinth-tree, Pistacia Terebinthug, the source 
of Chian or Scio turpentine. Though the range of 
the terebinth is wide, the moderate demand I* met by 
about 1,1100 trees, some of them 8UO or 900 years old, on 
the isle of Sclo. See terebinth. 
2. The Australian Syncarpia taurifolia ( Trwtti- 
iiia albens) and Tristania conferta, trees afford- 
ing an aromatic oil. See the generic names. 
turpentinic (ter-pen-tin'ik), a. [< turpentine + 
-i<VJ Related to turpentine Turpentinic acid. 
Same as terebic acid (which see, under terSrie). 
turpeth (ter'peth), . [Formerly also turbeth. 
turbith, turbit; < ME. turbyte, < OF. (and F.) 
tnr/iith = Pg. tttrbit (ML. turpethum), < Ar. 
turbid, < Pers. turbid, a cathartic, turbad, a 
purgative root.] 1. The root of Ipomtea (Con- 
rolrulug) Turjiethutn, a plant of Ceylon, Mala- 
bar, and Australia, which has a cathartic prop- 
erty. (See Indian jalap, under jalap.) Itissome- 
times called vegetable turpeth, to distinguish it 
from mineral turpeth. 2. Turpeth-mineral. 
Resin Of turpeth. See resin. 
turpeth-mineral (ter'peth-min'e-ral), n. A 
name formerly given to the yellow basic mer- 
cury sulphate (HpSC^HgO). It act* as a powerful 
emetic, and was formerly given in croup, but it 1* now 
seldom used internally. It is a very useful errhine in 
cases of headache, amaurosig, etc. 
niatize. 
O (that) . . . t woman . . . should thus turpife the 
reputation of my doctrine with the superscription of a 
fool ! Sir P. Sidney, Wanstead Play, p. 620. (Danes.) 
turpint, ". Aii olrsolete corruption of 
