tympanum 
davate rods, as in the i>rlln>pli'i-n. where such 
an arrangement constitutes an auditory or^in. 
3. Inarch.: (a) The triangular spare form- 
ing the field or bark of a pediment, a IK line hided 
between the enriiifes nf the inelineil sides anil 
Tympanum of the south portal of the Abbey Church of St. Denis, 
Prance. 
the horizontal cornice; also, any space similarly 
marked off or bounded, as above a window, or 
between the lintel of a door and an arch above 
it. The tympanum often constitutes a field for 
sculpture in relief or in the round. See also 
cuts under peilimen t and pcdimcnted. 
The triforium openings consist of a pointed arch in each 
bay, spanningasuborderoftwopolntedaiches. . . . The 
tympanum is pierced with a trefoil. 
C. U. Moore, Gothic Architecture, p. 60. 
(6) The die or drum of a pedestal. See cuts un- 
der dado and pedestal, (c) The panel of a door. 
4. (n) In /ii/ilnt ill. I'm/in., a water-raising cur- 
rent-wheel, originally made in the form of a 
drum, whence the name. It is now a circular open- 
frame wheel, fitted with radial partitions so curved as to 
point upward on the rising side of the wheel and down- 
ward on the descending side. The wheel is suspended so 
Perronel*s Tympanum. 
A, side elevation, showing fonn of curved radial partitions, or buck* 
ets ; B, front elevation, a, anmilus fur discharge of water ; b, floats 
by which the wheel is propelled in a running stream ; l> . buckets; 
supports lor journals of the wheel ; d, spout or chute for conveying the 
water lifted. 
that its lower edge Is just submerged, and Is turned by 
the current (or by other power), the partitions scooping up 
a quantity of water which, as the wheel revolves, runs 
back to the axis of the wheel, where It is discharged; or 
it may discharge at some point of the periphery. While 
one of the most ancient forms of water-lifting machines, 
It Is still used in drainage-works, though for small lifts 
it Is now superseded by the scoop-u-heel. E. U. Knight, 
(b) A kind of hollow tread-wheel wherein two 
or more persons walk in order to turn it, and 
thus give motion to a machine. 5. In hot., a 
membranous substance stretched across the 
theca of a moss. Laxator tympani. See laxator. 
Membrana tympani, the tympanic membrane, or 
drum of the car. See cut In def. 2. Pyramid of the 
tympanum. See pyramid. Tegmen tympani. See 
legmen, 4. Tensor tympani See tenmr, and third cut 
under temporal. 
tympany (tim'pa-ni), n.; pi. tympanies (-niz). 
[Formerly also timpany; < OF. tympanic == Sp. 
timpano = Pg. lympaiio = It. timpano, < Gr. TV/I- 
vaviac., a kind of dropsy in which the belly is 
stretched like a drum, < rvfnravov, a drum: see 
tympaii, andcf. tjfWtpCMtitet.] 1. A swelling out 
or inflation ; an inflated or puffed-up mass or 
condition; hence, turgidity; bombast; conceit. 
[Archaic.] 
The idle limpaniet of a windy brain. 
Randolph, Muses' Looking-Glass, Iv. 4. 
2. In jxttliol., an inflated ordistended condition 
of the abdomen or peritoneum ; tympanites. 
She cured her of three tympanies, but the fourth car- 
ried her oft*. Farifukar, Beaux' Stratagem, I. 1. 
tympanyt (tim'pa-ni). r. t. [< lynipuitii, "] To 
swell or puff up ; inflate ; dilate ; distend. 
It likewise proves 
More simple truth In their chaste loves 
Than greater Ladies, tympanu'de 
With much more honour, state, and pride. 
lleywood, Pelopcea and Alope (Works, ed. 1874, VI. 297). 
tymp-plate (timp'plat), . A cast-iron sup- 
port for a tymp-stone, built into the masonry 
of a furnace. The dum-plate forms a similar facing 
41L' 
0501 
and support for the dam-stone. Both tymp-plate (or tynip) 
mill (l;un-ihite are kept cool by the circulation of water 
in a hollow coil about them. .Sec ;/"'/' 
tymp-stone (tinip'ston), n. A heavy blook of 
stone which forms the upper part of the front 
side of the hearth or crucible of a furnace, the 
lower part being inclosed by the dam-stone. 
See tynip. 
tyndt, ". A spelling of tind?. 
Tyndaridse (tiu-dar'i-de), n. pi. [L., pi. of Tyn- 
aarideg, < Gr. tvviapiAiK, a descendant of Tyn- 
dareus, < TwUfOf, Twotipcuc., a mythical king of 
Sparta, husband of Leda, and father of Castor 
and Pollux.] The male children of Tyndareus 
Castor and Pollux: a name applied to the 
electric discharge commonly known as St. 
Elmo's fire. See corposant. 
tyne. See tim-i, tiiic'*, etc. 
Tynewald, Tinewald (tm'wold), . [Also 
Tyincald; a var. of the word which appears in 
a more original form in the Shetland tint/wall, 
< Icel. thiny-riillr, the place where a parliament 
sat, < thing, a parliament, assembly, + vollr (= 
AS, iceald), a wood: see f/iiMi/ 2 and tcoW.] The 
parliament or legislature of the Isle of Man, 
consisting of the governor and council, consti- 
tuting the upper house, and the House of Keys, 
or lower house. It is Independent of the British Par- 
liament, its acts requiring only the aiwi-nt of the sovereign 
in council. 
tynsent, . Same as tinseP. 
typ. An abbreviation of typographer or typog- 
raphy. 
typacantiud (tip-a-kan'thid), a. [< Gr. rdirof, 
type, + anavtia, spine, 4- -id 1 .] Having the 
usual or typical arrangement of the spines, as 
a starfish: opposed to autacanthid. 
typal (ti'pal), a. [< type + -/.] In biol., of 
or pertaining to a type ; forming or serving as 
a type; typical. K. Oicen. 
type (tip), n. [< F. type = Sp. tipo = Pg. typo, 
tipo = It. tipo = D. type, typus = G. tijpvs = 
Sw. typ = Dan. type, < L. typus, a figure, im- 
age (on a wall), in med. the form, type, or char- 
acter of a fever, ML. (also tipus) access of fe- 
ver, fever, a figure, prototype, etc., < Gr. rin-of, 
a blow, an impress, a mark, also something 
wrought of metal or stone, a figure, general 
form or character, the original type or model 
of a thing, type or form of disease, MGr. a de- 
cree, etc.; < ri'KTctv, rvmiv (/ rim ), strike ; cf . 
Gr. orvQMfriv, strike, smite ; L. tuttdere (^ tud, 
j/ "stud), strike, = G. stossen, strike : see slot 1 . 
From the same Gr. source are ult. E. tympan, 
tympanum, etc.] 1. A distinguishing mark or 
sign ; a classifying stamp or emblem ; a mark 
or an object serving for a symbol or an index, 
or anything that indicates office, occupation, or 
character. [Now chiefly technical.] 
The faith they have in tennis, and tall stockings. 
Short blister'd breeches, and those typet of travel. 
Shak., Hen. VIII., I. s. 81. 
On the obverse is the leading type of the city where the 
coin was issued, In relief. 
/'. V. Head, Hlstorla Numorum, Int., p. 111. 
2. Something that has a representative or sym- 
bolical significance ; an emblem, or an emblem- 
atic instance. 
Some of our readers may have seen In India a cloud of 
crows pecking a sick vulture to death no bad type of 
what happens in that country as often as fortune deserts 
one who has been great and dreaded. 
Macaulay, Warren Hastings. 
3. Specifically, a prefigurement ; a foreshadow- 
ing of, or that which foreshows, some reality to 
come, which is called the antitype; particular- 
ly, in tlieol., a person, thing, or event in the 
Old Testament regarded as foreshowing or be- 
tokening a corresponding reality of the new 
dispensation ; a prophetic similitude : as, the 
paschal lamb is the type of Christ (who is the 
antitype). 
The nature of typa Is in shadow to describe by dark 
lines a future sirbsUince. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 115. 
As be sees his Day at a distance through Tifpet and 
Shadows, he rejoices in it. Additon, Spectator, No. 369. 
4. A characteristic embodiment; a definitive 
example or standard ; an exemplar; a pattern; 
a model. 
For loftie type of honour, through the glaunce 
Of envies dart, is downe in dust prostrate. 
Spemer, Virgil's Gnat, L 567. 
Tophet thence 
And black Gehenna call'd, the type of hell. 
Jfiiton, P. L, |. 406. 
Aristophanes Is beyond question the highest (;/;* of pure 
comedy. toireU, Study Windows, p. -Jls. 
abcdefghljklmnopqrstuvwxyi 
type 
6. A representative style, mode, or -trneture; 
a characteristic assemblage of particulars or 
qualities. 6. In l/iol., specifically, u iiiitin divi- 
sion nf the animal or vegetable kingdom; a suli 
kingdom, branch, phylum, or province. Thus, 
Leuckart divided animals Into the sin types Co-lfiitrrala. 
Kchim*tfrint'i, \'.nii'. .1 rthrnpoda, Molitaea, and i 
hrata (the protozoans not being treated i Iti- \<_ r > i;it.]r 
kingdom Is similarly divided intn iniiin groups called tma 
of vegetation ; and in general, fn any d^partim nt n( blol- 
"Ky. tut* i predlcable of the structure or murplinluKK'iil 
character of a division or group of any grade in t.ix ..... un\ , 
down to the specie* Itself, as compared with another group 
of its own grade: as, a family tyjie; a generic tiipt. (See 
type yrnu*, type tpecia, type gpecimen, and unity of type, 
below.) The term has both a concrete or inaU rial sense, 
In 1U application to actually emlxnlied form, and an Ideal 
sense, as applied to form In the abstract See archetype. 
prototype, antetype. 
Natural Groups are bent described, not by any di-llni- 
tion which marks their iHmndurlea, but by a Type which 
marks their centre. The Type of any natural group Is an 
example which possesses In a marked degree all the lead- 
ing characters of the class. 
Whetrell, Phllos. of Inductive Sciences, I. p. xxxil. 
The whole animal kingdom can be broken up Into sev- 
eral large divisions, each of which differs from the rest by 
a number of special characteristics. The c.si-nii:il char- 
acter may be recognized In all the subdivisions, and even 
under great Individual variations. This has been called 
the type. Oeytnbaur, I'omp. Anat. (trans.), p. 04. 
7. A model or style that serves as a guide ; a 
general plan or standard for the doing of any- 
thing; especially, in the arts, the plan, idea, or 
conception upon which anything is modeled or 
according to which any work is executed. 8. 
A right-angled prism-shaped piece of metal or 
wood, having for its face a letter or character 
(usually in high relief), adapted for use in letter- 
press printing; collectively, the assemblage of 
the stamped characters used for printing; types 
in the aggregate. Types of wood are of Urge size, and 
are now used only for posting bills. Types for boolu or 
newspapers are of founded metal. (See tvpe-metal, ma- 
trix, and i/n/(iM. ) In CIreat Britain the standard height 
Brilliant. M*< ( ijki,MrH'*t<"~*7* * 
Diamond. 
Pearl. 
Agate. 
Nonpareil, abcdefghljklmffopqrstuvwxyz 
Minion. abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 
Brevier. abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 
Bourgeois, abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 
Long primer, abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxy 
Small pica. abcdcf^hijklllllK l])i jTStlH' 
pica. abcdefghijklmnopqrst 
English, abcdefghijklmnopq 
Gru primer, abcdefghij kl mno 
of type Is .9166 Inch; In the United States It is vari- 
able! from .9166 to .9186 Inch. French and German types 
are higher. The features of type are face, counter, stem 
(thick: stroke, or body mark), hair line, serif , neck or beard, 
shoulder, body or shank, pin-mark, nick, feet, groove. 
(See cut below.) The names of printing-types, given In 
an increasing scale as to size, are excelsior, brilliant, dia- 
mond, pearl, ayate or ruby, nonpareil (the type in which 
this is printed), emerald or minwnette, minion, brevier 
(the larger size of type used throughout this diction- 
ary), bourijeoit, tang primer, small pica, pica, Knyluh, lira- 
tine brevier, great primer, paragon, double nnall pica, dou- 
ble pica, double English, double great primer, meridian 
or tra/algar, and canon. All sizes larger than canon are 
named by the regular multiples of pica, as Jive line pica, 
fix-line pica. The 
smaller sizes are or 
should be graded 
so that each size 
will be doubled in 
Its seventh pro- 
gression. (See 
pwn(i,14(6X) The A 
names here given . 
define the dimen- 
sions of the bodies 
only. The faces 
or Styles of types 
most used are ro- 
man and italic, 
which frtrtn th 
vhich form ttie ,., ^ ta , 
text of all books in the body oY shank. 
English. Antique, 
Kothic. clarendon, and black-letter are approved styles 
fur display. The type for headings of entries in this 
dictionary and for phrase-headings is antique condensed. 
Ornamental types are too irregular for classification. Of 
each style many varieties are made, which are usually 
labeled with a special name. Roman types are broadly 
divided into two classes, modern and old-gtyle. The lead- 
ing forms of modern roman are bmad-face, Scotch-face. 
French-face, thin face, bold-face. Old-style types are re- 
productions of the styles of early printers: the Caslon 
and the Baskervillc (Publish styles), of the eighteenth 
century, the French and the Elzevir, of the seventeenth 
century ; and the Basle, or early Italian, of the sixteenth 
Type. 
a, stem, body-tuark, or thick stroke ; *. 
serif; c. counter; rf. h.iir-linc; t, beard or 
neck:/, shoulder; f. pin-mark ; A. nicks; 
, groove ; j. feet. 1 he top IK known as the 
face; the pan between shoulder and feet is 
