typtologist 
so-called spirit-rappings are produced; also, a 
believer in the spiritualistic theory of these 
phenomena. 
typtology (tip-tol'o-ji), i. [Irreg. < Gr. rrnrr/r, 
strike, + ->;/, < '/i- t tiv, speak: seo -<>li></y.] In 
x/iii'itiinlixiii. the theory or practice of spirit- 
rapping; ;ilso, the key to Bptrlt-rappingfl, 
Tyr (tir), H. [Icel. '/(/'/: see Tin-, Tiu-xiliiy.] In 
\in-tln-rii mi/Hi,, the god of war and victory, 
son of Odin. Ho i.s the same as the Anglo- 
Haxon Tiw. 
tyrant, ". :uid c. An obsolete form of tynnit. 
tyrannesst (ti'ran-es), . [< tynin + -ess.} A. 
female tyrant. 
And now the tyrannegge beares all the stroke. 
Clogging her suffering neck with servile yoke. 
Time*' Whittle (E. E. T. S.), p. 92. 
tyrannic (ti-ran'ik), a. [< F. tyritniiiiiuc = Sp. 
tininicii = I'K. tymnnico = It.' tinninic'i. < L. 
tyminiiciiK, ML. tinmnicM, < Gr. Tvpawm&t, of 
or pertaining to a tyrant, < rvpavvof, tyrant : see 
tyrant.'] Same as tyrannical. 
Brute violence and proud tyrannic power. 
Milton, P. R., L 218. 
tyrannical (ti-ran'i-kal), a. [< tyrannic + -a I.} 
1. Having the character of a tyrant; acting 
like a tyrant ; despotic in rule or procedure ; 
arbitrary; imperious: as, a tyrannical master. 
2. Pertaining to or characteristic of a tyrant ; 
unjustly severe in operation ; oppressive: as, a 
tyrannical government; tyrannical actions. 
In this point charge him home, that he affects 
Tyrannical power. Shak., Cor., ill. 3. 2. 
= Syn. Domineering, severe, oppressive, galling, grind- 
ing. See detpotimn. 
tyrannically (ti-ran'i-kal-i), atlr. In a tyran- 
nical manner; with arbitrary or oppressive ex- 
ercise of power. Shak., Hamlet, ii. 2. 356. 
tyrannicalness (ti-ran'i-kal-nes), . Tyran- 
nical disposition or practice. 
tyrannicidal (tl-ran'i-si-dal), a. [< tyranni- 
cide + -al.} Relating to tyrannicide. 
tyrannicide 1 (ti-ran'i-sid), . [< F. tyranni- 
cidc, < L. tyrannicida, a slayer of a tyrant, < 
tyraiiniix, tyrant, + -cida, < cxden; slay.] One 
who kills a tyrant. 
Hear what Xenophon says in Hiero: "People . . . erect 
Statues In their Temples to the Honour of Tyrannicidet." 
Milton, Answer to Salmasfus, v. 
tyrannicide 2 (ti-ran'i-sid), n. [< F. tyranni- 
cide, < L. tyrannicidiuni, the slaying of a tyrant, 
< tyranniiK, tvrant, + -cidium, < ciedere, slay.] 
The act of killing a tyrant ; the putting a tyran- 
nical ruler to death on account of his acts. 
Tyrannidae (ti-ran'i-de), n.pl. [NL., < Tyran- 
its + -idee.} A family of passerine birds, named 
from the genus Tyrannus ; the tyrant-birds or 
tyrant- flycatchers. There are many genera, and 
upward of 400 species, confined to America, and chiefly 
represented in the Neotropical region. They are readily 
distinguished by the non-oscine (clamatorial or mesomy- 
odian) character of the syrinx, the scutelliplantar tarsi of 
the exaspidean type, ten primaries of which the first is not 
spurious, twelve rectrices, and the bill almost invariably 
hooked at the end by an overhanging point of the upper 
mandible. The rictus as a rule is strongly bristled; the 
hind toe is eleutherodactylous, or freely movable apart 
from the others (as in osciue Pageres\ and the outer and 
middle toes are united only at their bases. It is one of the 
most extensive and characteristic groups of its grade in 
the New World, only the Tanayriilie and TrochSida ap- 
proaching It In these respects. Its relationships are with 
the other non-oscine /Vwwcrrs highly developed in and 
peculiar to the Neotropical region, namely the Pipridie 
and Cotingidae; but not with the true flycatchers, or Mia- 
cicapida, to which many of the long-known species used to 
be referred. Only 8 or 9 genera extend into the United 
States, and of these only 5 (Tyrannus, Myiarchwi, Sayoriiit, 
Contopitt, and Empidonax) have any extensive distribution 
in that country. The genus Oxyrhynchus, without any 
hook of the beak, is often now separated as the type of 
another family; aside from this the Tirraunidir are by 
Sclater divided into 4 subfamilies Tseninpteriiur, I'laty- 
rhynchintt, EUeniiner, and Tyranniiur. See cnts under 
Coiltopug, Kmpidunax, Flttvicola, kiny-bird, Megarhyncttu*, 
Milmliut, peu-it, Flatyrhynchwt, Pyrucephalus, Saiiornif, 
ncissortail, Ttrnivptern, Todirostrum, and Tyrannulus. 
Tyranninse (tir-a-m'ne), n.pl. [NL., < Tyr<iiiiii<x 
+ -i'.] A subfamily of Tyrannidx, contain- 
ing the true tyrant-flycatchers, of arboreal hab- 
its, and usually more or less extensively oliva- 
ceous coloration, sometimes gray, varied chief- 
ly with white or yellow, and often with a bright- 
colored spot on the crown. Birds of this group abound 
throughout the woodlands of America, from the limit 
of trees both north and south, and play an important part 
in the economy of nature, comparable to that of the true 
flycatchers (J/iwaijnVf of the Old World. In the Tinted 
States the scissortail (Milculux fftrjicatits), the common 
kingbird or bee-martin (TV/rammx rnrtiinenrin\ the groat 
crested flycatrln-r i Mirirrn-ttii* crinitu*), the pewit or \s atcr- 
pewee (Sitiioriiix (or Entjndias) /KSCM), the wood-pe\\ or < <i 
phoebe-bird (Convex rirenx). and several smaller flyoatob- 
ers of the genus Kinpidimax furnish characteristic exam- 
ples of the Tyranninie. There are in all about 20 genera. 
6565 
tyrannine (tir'a-mn), . [< Tyranniu + -in<l.] 
Of or pertaining to the Tyranninii'; relating to 
or resembling the genus ZtfKMMM; in ;i narrow 
si-n-i' applied to the larger tyrant -live:! tellers, jn 
distinction from the smaller tyrannuline forms. 
TyrannisCUS (tir-a-nis'kus), ii. [NL. (Cubanis 
and Heine, 1K.">U), dim. of Ti/raiiniin, q. v.] A 
genus of small tyrant-flycatchers, of the sub- 
family Klseniinee, containing about 11 species, 
ranging from Guatemala to southern Brazil, as 
T. nii/rii'ii/iilliin and T. cincreicepg. 
tyrannise, r. See tynnii:<. 
tyrannisht (ti'ra-nish), a. [< ME. tyrannisli, ti- 
nniniKli : < tyran + -isA 1 .] Like a tyrant ; char- 
acteristic of a tyrant ; tyrannical. 
The proude tirannith Remain 
Tarqulnlus, which was than king. 
Bower, C'onf. Amant., vii. 
tyrannize (tir'a-mz), r.; pret. and pp. tyrau- 
i' i :i-il. ppr. tyra'nuiziny. [< F. tyranniger = 8p. 
tirani:ar = Pg. tyriinni:ar = It. tiranni-:arr, 
< Gr. Tvpawi&tv, take the part of a tyrant, < 
rl'/mwof, tyrant: see tyrant.'] I. intrann. 1. 
To act as a tyrant; exercise tyrannical power; 
rule despotically or cruelly: used of persons, 
with over before* an object. 
I made tbee miserable. 
What time I threw the people's suffrages 
On him that thus doth ttfrantiizf o'fr me. 
Shale., Tit. And., iv. 3. 20. 
Hence 2. To have a tyrannical influence; 
exercise oppressive restraint; maintain arbi- 
trary control : used of things, commonly with 
tyranny 
to the tyrannulas, or small tyrant-flycatchers, 
as distinguished from the larger or tyniiiiiiin- 
forms. 
II. . A little olivaceous flycatcher; a mem- 
lier of the genus Ti/rminula. or some similar 
bird. They are such as those figured under 
(,,/,,/.>, i-'.miiiii'iiinf, tiDA pewit, 
TyrannulUS (ti-ran'u-lus), H. [NL. (Vieillot. 
1 s Hi), dim. of Tyrannut, q. v.] A genus of very 
small tyrant-flycatchers of tropical Atncrii-M. 
of the subfamily Klsmiina'. The type Is T. ela- 
tu>, the so-called gold-naped wren of early writers, about 
Nor, while we trust in the mercy of God through Christ 
Jesus, [shall) fear be able to tyrannize mxr us. 
Hooter, Eccles. Polity, y. 47. 
The first and last lesson of the useful arts is that Na- 
ture tyrannize* oner our works. Kmenm, Art. 
II. trann. 1. To rule, treat, or affect tyran- 
nically ; act the tyrant to or over. 
This is he that shal tyrannize the citie of Rome, and be 
the ruine of my house. 
Ouemra, Letters (tr. by Hellowes, 1577), p. 164. 
They would enjoyne a slavish obedience without law, 
which is the known definition of a tyrant and a tyranmi'd 
people. Miltcm, Apology for SmectymnuuB. 
2f. To make tyrannically oppressive ; convert 
into an instrument of tyranny. 
Boisterous edicts tyrannizing the blessed ordinance of 
marriage into the quality of a most unnatural and un- 
christianly yoke. Milton, Divorce, II. 20. 
Also spelled tyrannise. 
tyrannoid (tir'a-noid), a. [< Tyrannus + -oi'd.] 
Resembling or related to a tyrant-bird; be- 
longing to the Tyrannoidex. 
Tyrannoideas (tir-a-noi'de-e), n. pi. [NL., < 
TyritHHiis + -oidete."] A snperfamily of passer- 
ine birds, containing those families of I'asnerex 
which have a mesomyodian tracheobronchial 
syrinx and an independently movable hallux, di- 
vided into Heteromeri and Homceomeri, accord- 
ing to the situation of the main artery of the 
thigh, and consisting of the families Xenicidx 
(New Zealand), Philcpittida (Madagascar), 
Pittulte (Ethiopian, Oriental, and Australian), 
and the American Tyrannid, Pipridie, Cotin- 
gid, and Pliytotomidse. Nine tenths of the 
species are American, and most of these Neo- 
tropical. 
tyrannous (tir'a-nus), a. [< tyran + -oits.] 
Of tyrannical character or quality; given to or 
marked by tyranny ; harshly despotic. 
And, like the tyrannmu breathing of the north, 
Shakes all our buds from growing. 
Shot., Cymbellne, i. S. 36. 
And now the storm-blast came, and he 
Was tyrannous and strong. 
Coleridge, Ancient Mariner, i. 
tyrannously (tir'a-nus-li), adr. In a tyran- 
nous manner; with tyrannical force or intent; 
despotically ; cruelly. 
There, being both together In the flood, 
They each at other tyranntntsly flew. 
Spenter, F. Q., V. II. 13. 
Julius before his Death tyrannotuty had made himself 
Emperor of the Roman Commonwealth. 
Milt.,,,, Hist Eng., ii. 
Tyrannula (ti-ran'u-16), n. [NL. (Swainson, 
1827), dim. of Tyrannus, q. v.] 1. A genus of 
tyrannuline flycatchers, the type of which is 
T. barbata. It has been loosely used for many small 
olivaceous species now distributed in different genera. 
Owing to its similarity to the name Tyrannultu of prior 
date, it Is now disused, the species properly belonging to 
Tyranmtla being culled Myiobivs. 
2. [/.<".] A small tyrant-flycatcher of the above 
or some related genus ; a tyrannuline. 
tyrannuline (ti-ran'u-lin)," a. and H. [< 7V- 
riiiiinilii + -ici.] I. a. Pertaining or related 
TyrttHHltlllS tlatHt. 
2 j Inches long, with yellow crest, white throat, and short 
bill, tall, and wings, Inhabiting the valley of the Amazon, 
and found northward to Panama. 
Tyrannus (ti-ran'us), u. [NL. (Cuvier, 1800), 
<L. tyrannus, tyrant : see tyrant.'} The name- 
giving genus of Tyrannidse, formerly loosely ex- 
tended to embrace most of the larger species 
then known (so named from their irritable or 
irascible disposition and their tendency to tyr- 
annize over other birds), now restricted to a 
few large stout flycatchers like the common 
king-bird or bee-martin of the United States, 
T. tyrantiiiK, T. jiipiri, T. intrepidnx, or T.caroli- 
nenstM. They have the head with a vertical crest, the bill 
stout, hooked, and well-bristled, several outer primaries 
emarginate, the tail even or emarginate, and the coloration 
black and white, or gray and white, or olive and yellow. 
The gray king-bird of the West Indies and southern I'nited 
States (T. dominicensis or T. */n'ciw), the Arkansas fly- 
catcher!! 1 . verticalit)ot the Western States and Territories, 
Cassin's and Couch's flycatchers of the Southwestern States 
and southward (T. pociferann and T. inelanciiolicvs\ are ad- 
ditional examples ; and others occur in the West Indies 
and Central and South America. See cut under triny-bird. 
tyranny (tir'a-ni). n. ; pi. tyranniex (-niz). [< 
ME. tirannye, < OF. (and F. ) tyrannic = Pr. ti- 
rannia = Sp. Urania = Pg. ti/rannia = It. tiran- 
nia, < ML. tyrannia, tyratiia, < Or. rvpawia, rv- 
pawif, tyranny, < ripaivof, a tyrant : see tyrant.] 
1. The rule of a tyrant in the ancient sense; 
the personal government of one of the Greek 
tyrants; a state or government having an un- 
controlled ruler bearing the title of tyrant. 
His [Cypselns's] moderation and clemency are allowed 
by all ; yet he ls universally called by the Grecian writers 
Tyrant of Corinth, and his government a Tyranny. 
J. Adamt, Works, IV. f.O7. 
One might have thought . . . that, amid the endless 
changes that went on among the small commonwealths 
and tyrannic* of that region, it would have been easier for 
the Republic to establish its dominion there than to es- 
tablish It over great cities like Padua and Verona. 
E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 288. 
2. The office or incumbency of a tyrant; a ty- 
rant's administration or tenure; the system of 
government by tyrants. 
Aristotle . . . assigns to the tyranny of Periander a 
duration of 44 years, 
Smith'i Diet. Gr. and Rim. Bug., III. 191. 
Hence 3. A tyrannical government; a law- 
less autocracy or despotism". 
Polyblus, ... in the Sixth Book of his History, says 
thus : " When Princes began to indulge their own Lusts 
and sensual Appetites, then Kingdoms were turned Into 
so many Tyrannies." Milton, Answer to Salmasius. 
4. Arbitrary or unrestrained exercise of power: 
despotic abuse of authority; unmerciful rule. 
Insulting tyranny begins to Jet 
Upon the Innocent and aweless throne. 
Shot., Iticli. III., II. 4. 51. 
The tyranny of wealthy and powerful subjects was the 
characteristic evil of the times. 
llacavlay, Hallam's Const. Hist. 
5. A tyrannical action or proceeding; an in- 
stance of despotic rule or conduct. 
My meditations are how to revenge 
Thy bloody tyrannies. Lwt't Dominion, T. 2. 
'TIs a tyranny 
Over an humble and obedient sweetness 
("ngently to insult. Ford, Lady s Trial, T. 2. 
