tyranny 
6. Severity; harshness; stringency. 
The tyranny of the open night 's too rough 
For nature to endure. Shak. , Lear, iii. 4. 2. 
= Syn. 1. Despotism, Autocracy, etc. See despotism. 4. 
Oppression, Despotism, etc. See oppression. 
tyrant (ti'rant), H. [Early mod. E. also tiraitt, 
also tyran," iyrunne; < ME. tyrant, tirant, ty- 
raunt,' tiraunt, also tyran, tiran, < OF. tirant 
(with unorig -t), tiran, tyran, F. tyran = Pr. 
tiran = Sp. tiraito = Pg. tyranno = It. tiranno 
= D. tiran, tyran = Or. Sw. tyrann = Dan. ty- 
ran, < L. tyrannus, < Gr. rrpawof, lord, master, 
sovereign, tyrant; root unknown.] 1. In an- 
cient Greece, an irresponsible chief or magis- 
trate with unlimited powers, owing his office 
primarily to insurrection or usurpation. The 
first tyrants, so called, were generally the leaders of ris- 
ings against the oligarchies during the seventh and sixth 
centuries B. c. They ruled with the popular consent in 
nearly all the Greek states and colonies at one time or 
another, transmitting their power to their heirs until 
democracies or new oligarchies overthrew them. Others 
raised themselves to the position by direct conquest or 
conspiracy. The arbitrary government of the tyrants 
was sometimes beneficent, but more often extremely 
oppressive and cruel. The typical tyrant in the latter 
sense of the word was Dionysius the Elder, of Syracuse 
(405-367 B. c.). 
The tyrant of the Chersonese 
Was freedom's best and bravest friend ; 
That tyrant was Miltiades ! 
Byron, Don Juan, iii. 86 (song). 
Hence 2. A wilfully arbitrary monarch or 
person in authority ; a ruler or master who uses 
his power cruelly or oppressively; any person 
who treats those bound to him in any way as 
slaves to his will; an autocratic oppressor. 
Let us define a Tyrant, not according to vulgar conceits, 
but the judgment of Aristotle, and of all Learned Men. 
He is a Tyrant who regards his own welfare and profit 
only, and not that of the People. 
MUton, Ana. to Salmasius, xii. 
A tyrant cannot reign and oppress by his single force ; 
he must really interest, and interest prodigiously, a suffi- 
cient number of subordinate tyrants in the duration of his 
power. Ames, Works, II. 280. 
3. A tyrannical or compulsory influence; some- 
thing that constrains the will inexorably; an 
overruling power. 
For lordly love is such a Tyranne fell 
That where he rules all power he doth expell. 
Spenser, Shep. Cal., October. 
Thought emancipated itself from expression without 
becoming its tyrant. 
Lowell, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 826. 
4. In ornith., a tyrant-flycatcher; one of the 
Tyrannidse Bald tyrant. Same as baldhead, 8. 
The Thirty Tyrants, a committee of thirty sympathizers 
with the oligarchs and with Sparta, who ruled Athens with 
absolute power 404-403 B. c. They were overthrown by 
the democracy under Thrasybulus. 
tyrantt (ti'rant), r. [Early mod. E. also tyran; 
< tyrant, .] I. trans. To tyrannize over. 
What glorie or what guerdon hast thou [Love] found 
In feeble Ladies tyranning so sore? 
Spenser, F. Q., IV. vii. 1. 
II. intrans. To play the tyrant ; tyrannize : 
sometimes with indefinite it. 
This encouraged the Irish grandees (their O's and Mac's) 
to rant and tyrant it in their respective seignories. 
Fuller, Worthies, Buckinghamshire, I. 203. 
tyrant-bird (ti'rant-berd), . A tyrant-fly- 
catcher. 
tyrant-chat (tl'raut-chat), . Some tyrant-fly- 
catcher which resembles or suggests a chat. 
tyrant-flycatcher (ti'rant-fll"kach-er), . A ty- 
rant-bird; any member of the Tyrannidse. 
tyrantlyt (tl'rant-li), adv. [< ME. tyrauntly; 
< tyrant + -ly^.J In the manner of a tyrant ; 
tyrannically. 
He askyde me tyrauntly tribute of Rome, 
That tenefully tynt was in tyme of myne elders. 
Morte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 271. 
tyrantryt (tl'rant-ri), w. Same as tyranny. 
Wyclif, 3 Ki. [1 Ki.] xvi. 20. 
tyrant-shrike (tl'rant-shrik), . One of the 
larger tyrant-flycatchers with a stout bill resem- 
bling a shrike's, as any species of the genus Ty- 
rannus proper, like the king-bird or bee-martin. 
Some of these used to be placed in the genus 
Lanius, being mistaken for shrikes. See cut 
under king-bird. 
tyrant-wren (ti'rant-ren), n. One of the smaller 
tyrant-flycatchers, as a species of Tyrannulus, 
resembling a wren in some respects. See cut 
under Tyrannulus. 
tyre 1 !. An obsolete spelling of tire. 
6566 
tyre 2 (tir), w. [E. Ind.] A preparation of milk 
and rice used by the East Indians. 
tyremesis (tl-rem'e-sis), n. [< Gr. TV/IOC, cheese, 
+ e/ieoif, vomiting: see emesis.'] Vomiting of 
cheesy or curdy matters. Also tyrosis. 
Tyrian (tir'i-an), a. and n. [= F. Tyrien, < L. 
Tyrius, < Gr. Ti>/Mof, < lipof, L. Tyrus, Tyre (see 
del'.).] I. a. 1. Of or pertaining to the ancient 
city and state of Tyre in Phenicia, on the Med- 
iterranean. 2. Of a purple color characteris- 
tic of Tyre Tyrian Cynosure, the constellation Ursa 
Minor, anciently called the Cynosure, which served as a 
guide to the Tyrians in their long voyages. 
And thpu shalt be our star of Arcady, 
Or Tyrian cynosure. Milton, Cornus, 1. 342. 
Tyrian purple. See purple. 
II. n. A native of Tyre. 
tyriasis (ti-ri'a-sis), n. [< Gr. rvpof, cheese, 
+ -iasis.] 1. Elephantiasis Arabum. 2. Fall- 
ing off of the hair ; alopecia. 
tyrite (tl'rit), . [< Icel. Tyr, Tyr (see Tyr), + 
-jte 2 .] A variety of fergusonite found near 
Arendal in Norway. 
tyro (ti'ro), . [Formerly, and prop., tiro ; < L. 
tiro, misspelled tyro, a newly levied soldier, a 
young soldier.] A beginner in learning any- 
thing ; one who is employed in learning or who 
has mastered the rudiments only of any branch 
of knowledge ; a novice. 
There stands a structure on a rising hill, 
Where tyros take their freedom out to kill. 
Garth, Dispensary, iii. 
tyrqciniumt (ti-ro-sin'i-um), H. Same as ty- 
rociny. Gayton. ' Compare tirocinium. 
tyrociny (ti-ros'i-ni), n. [Prop, "tirociny; < L. 
tirocinium, first service or trial, < tiro, a newly 
levied soldier: see tyro.'} The state of being a 
tyro, beginner, or learner; pupilage; appren- 
ticeship ; unskilled effort. 
To thee I write my Apotheosie, 
Msecenas, strengthen my Tyrocinie. 
Tourneur, Trans. Metamorphosis, Ded. 
Tyroglyphidse (ti-ro-glif' i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Tyroglyphus + -idle.} A family of atracheate 
Acarina, typified by the genus Tyroglyphus. 
They all have eight legs developed, of five joints apiece, 
chelate mandibles, skeleton composed of sclerites in a 
soft skin, and two front pairs of legs set below the body. 
The Tyroglyphidse are usually parasitic during the curious 
hypopial stage, although they do not seem to require any 
nutriment from the host ; and some species would appear 
to be parasitic in the adult stage, as Glyciphagus balsena- 
rum. The related families Sarcoptidx and Myobiidie are 
strictly parasitic during every stage of their existence. 
Tyroglyphus (ti-rog'li-fus), n. [NL. (La- 
treille, 1796), < Gr. rvp6(, cheese, + -yMiften', 
carve.] A notable genus of acarids or mites, 
typical of the family Tyroglyphidte, having a 
tarsal claw and a sucker. Those of the subgenus 
Rhizaglyphw feed upon vegetable products, and comprise 
Phylloxera-mite ( Tyroglyfhus fhylloxtrse). 
a, dorsal view of female; *, ventral view of female; c, mouth-parts; 
<*./.". A. forms of tarsal appendages; e, ventral tubercles of male. 
(All the figures are much enlarged.) 
aUbut a dozen species. Those of Tyroglyphus proper feed 
upon animal products, and include among others the well- 
known cheese-mites, T. siro and T. lonyior the latter 
feeding also upon farinaceous substances. (See cut under 
flam-mite.) T. phylloxera preys upon the grape-vine 
phylloxera ; T. entomophagus is a well-known pest in ento- 
mological collections. 
Tyroler (ti-ro'ler), n. [< G. Tyroler, Tiroler, a 
Tyrolese, < Tyrol, Tirol, Tyrol: see Tyrolese.] 
A native of Tyrol ; a Tyrolese. [Rare.] 
Tyrolese (tir-o-leV or -lez'), a. and n. [< Tyrol 
(G. Tirol, and' improperly Tyrol) + -ese.] I. a. 
Of or pertaining to Tyrol (often called the 
Tyrol), an Alpine province forming with Vor- 
arlberg a crowuland of the Cisleithan division 
of Austria-Hungary. 
II. n. sing, and pi. A native or the natives 
of Tyrol. 
tzopilotl 
Tyrolienne (ti-ro-li-en'), . [F., fern, of Tyro- 
lien, of or pertaining to Tyrol, < Tyrol, Tyrol.] 
A dance of the Tyrolese peasants, or a song or 
melody suitable for such a dance. The charac- 
teristic folk-songs of Tyrol abound in yodels. 
tyroline (tir'o-lin), n. A violet dye produced 
by treatment of aniline ; aniline violet. Vre, 
Diet., III. 1050. 
tyrolite (tir'6-lit), n. [Also tirolite; < Tyrol 
+ -z(e 2 .] A hydrous arseniate of copper, oc- 
curring in orthorhombic crystals and in aggre- 
gates having a foliated micaceous structure. 
It is very soft, sectile, and flexible in tliin scales, and has 
a bluish-green color. It is known from a number of local- 
ities, but is named from that at Falkenstein in Tyrol. 
tyroma (ti-ro'ma), n, [NL., < Gr. rvp6f, cheese.] 
Falling off of the hair ; alopecia. 
tyronism (ti'ro-nizm), n. [< lyro(n-) + -ism.'] 
The state of being a tyro. Also tironism. 
tyrosin (ti'ro-sin), n. [Irreg. < Gr. ripof, cheese, 
+ -H 2 .] A white crystalline body, odorless, 
and insoluble in cold water, having the formula 
CgHjjNO3. It is an amido acid, and forms salts with 
both acids and bases. It is a product of the decomposi- 
tion of proteids, either by the ferment trypsin, by putre- 
faction, or by boiling with acids. 
tyrosis (tl-ro'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. rtpof, cheese, 
+ -*.] 1. Same as tyremesis. 2. The curd- 
ling of milk. 
tyrothrix (ti'ro-thriks), n. [NL., < Gr. rv/>6(, 
cheese, + Bpil-, hair.] A bacterium found in 
cheese. 
tyrotoxicon (ti-ro-tok'si-kon), n. [NL., < Gr. 
Tup6f, cheese, + TO^IKOV, poison.] A ptomaine 
produced in milk or cheese, the cause of the 
symptoms of poisoning occasionally observed 
to follow the eating of ice-cream. It is either 
identical with or closely related to diazobenzol. 
Tyrrel's case. See easel. 
Tyrrel's fascia. The rectovesical fascia. 
Tyrrel's hook. A fine hook used in certain oper- 
ations on the eye for drawing forward the iris. 
Tyrrhene (ti-ren'), a. [< L. Tyrrhenus,<Gr. Tvp- 
pifv6(, < fvppr/vla, the Gr. name of Etruria or Tus- 
cany.] Same as Tyrrhenian. 
Tyrrhenian (ti-re'ni-an), a. and n. [< Tyrrhene 
-r -ian.] I. a. Etruscan: used poetically, or in 
connection with subjects having some Greek 
relation or bearing Tyrrhenian Sea, a name still 
used for that part of the Mediterranean which lies be- 
tween Tuscany and the mainland southward and the isl- 
ands of Sardinia and Corsica. 
II. n. An Etruscan. 
tyrritt, n. An old spelling of tirret. 
Tyrtaean (ter-te'an), a. [< L. Tyrtseus, < Gr. 
Ttyjroiof, Tyrtasus (see def.), + -an."] Of or per- 
taining to Tyrtseus, a Greek poet of the sev- 
enth century B. c., who wrote marching-songs 
and elegiac exhortations for the Spartans. 
ntj " A variant of tisane. 
inian (ti-so'ni-an), a. [< Tyson (see def.) 
-ian.] Of or pertaining to, or named after, 
the anatomist Tyson: specifying the preputial 
glands or follicles which secrete the sebaceous 
substance smegma. 
tysonite (ti'son-it), n. [After S. T. Tyson, the 
discoverer.] A rare fluorid of the cerium met- 
als, occurring in hexagonal crystals and mas- 
sive, of a wax-yellow color: found in Colo- 
rado. 
Tyson's glands. See gland and Tysonian. 
tyssewt, n. An old spelling of tissue. 
tystie (tis'ti), n. The black guillemot, Uria 
(jrylle. See cut under guillemot. [Orkney and 
Shetland.] 
tytt, tytet, tyttet, adv. Obsolete spellings of 
tite*. 
tythet, w. and . An obsolete spelling of titliel. 
tythingt, An obsolete spelling of tithing 1 . 
tythingst, An obsolete form of tidings. See 
tiding. 
Tyzack's anchor. See anchor, 1. 
tzar, tzarina, etc. See czar, etc. 
tzetze, tzetse, . See tsetse. 
Tzigany (tsig'a-ni), . and a. [Hung. Cigany, 
T^ii/tiny (cf. If. Zingano, Zingaro, G. Zigeuner, 
etc.), Gipsy: see under Gipsy.] I. n. A Hun- 
garian Gipsy. 
II. a. Of or pertaining to Hungarian Gipsies : 
led in English chiefly with reference to their 
used 
music. 
tzopilotl (tso'pi-lotl), . 
zopilote. 
[Mex.] Same as 
